Page last updated: 2024-11-05

2,3-pentanedione

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

pentane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is pentane substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by oxo groups. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID11747
CHEMBL ID192809
CHEBI ID52774
SCHEMBL ID106990
MeSH IDM0060758

Synonyms (51)

Synonym
nsc-7613
2,3-pentadione
acetylpropionyl
600-14-6
2,3-pentanedione
nsc7613
pentane-2,3-dione
bdbm22765
nsc 7613
brn 1699638
einecs 209-984-8
acetyl propionyl
acetylpropionyl (van)
acetyl propionyl (natural)
fema no. 2841
ccris 2946
inchi=1/c5h8o2/c1-3-5(7)4(2)6/h3h2,1-2h
2,3-pentanedione, natural, >=96%, fg
2,3-pentanedione, >=96%, fcc, fg
2,3-pentanedione, 97%
2,3-pentane-dione
23-PENTANEDIONE ,
CHEBI:52774 ,
ethyl methyl diketone
CHEMBL192809
P0051
k4wbe45scm ,
4-01-00-03660 (beilstein handbook reference)
hsdb 8326
unii-k4wbe45scm
FT-0609761
AKOS009156847
2,3-pentanedione [fcc]
2,3-pentanedione [fhfi]
SCHEMBL106990
2,3,-pentanedione
DTXSID6051435
pentan-2,3-dione
ch3c(o)c(o)c2h5
Q-100694
mfcd00009313
2,3-pentanedione, analytical standard
fema 2841
2,3-pentandione
Q19903182
AMY4046
acetylpropionyl; nsc 7613
CS-W013714
EN300-39756
HY-W012998
PD164983

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Occupational exposure to 2,3-butanedione (BD) vapors has been associated with severe respiratory disease leading to the use of potentially toxic substitutes."( Chemical Reactivity and Respiratory Toxicity of the α-Diketone Flavoring Agents: 2,3-Butanedione, 2,3-Pentanedione, and 2,3-Hexanedione.
Bousquet, RW; Flake, GP; Gwinn, WM; Johnson, CL; Jokinen, MP; Morgan, DL; Price, HC, 2016
)
0.65
" However, flavoring formulations that contain diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione might not list these ingredients because they are generally recognized as safe to ingest, may be part of a proprietary mixture deemed a trade secret, or may not be required to be listed if they are present at <1% composition."( Potential Hazards Not Communicated in Safety Data Sheets of Flavoring Formulations, Including Diacetyl and 2,3-Pentanedione.
Cummings, KJ; Hawley, B; LeBouf, RF, 2019
)
0.97
" Concerns over the inhalation toxicity of these compounds originate from the association between occupational exposures to ABF and adverse fibrotic lung effects, specifically obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) in the distal airways."( Toxicity studies of acetoin and 2,3-pentanedione administered by inhalation to Wistar Han [Crl:WI(Han)] rats and B6C3F1/N mice.
, 2023
)
1.19
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
flavouring agentA food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
alpha-diketoneA diketone that has its two ketone functionalities on adjacent atoms.
methyl ketoneA ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (4)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
L-threonine degradation II331
L-threonine degradation III (to methylglyoxal)328
aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis II328
superpathway of L-threonine metabolism2172

Protein Targets (6)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Cocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.00000.00630.98358.0000AID239272
Coagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.00000.00251.86697.2500AID1798224
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.00000.00001.51739.7300AID1798224; AID239166
Liver carboxylesterase 1Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Ki100.00000.01361.70257.2500AID1798224; AID239167
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.00000.00001.27869.7300AID1798224; AID239122
Liver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki100.00000.00252.01368.4800AID1798224; AID239197
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (56)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
prostaglandin metabolic processCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
catabolic processCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma kallikrein-kinin cascadeCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
Factor XII activationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation, intrinsic pathwayCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of plasminogen activationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
protein processingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
protein autoprocessingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
zymogen activationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
fibrinolysisCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to misfolded proteinCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibrinolysisCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
learningCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
neuroblast differentiationCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone processingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
response to alkaloidCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cocaine metabolic processCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmissionCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoidCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
response to folic acidCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
choline metabolic processCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic processCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleftAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of receptor recyclingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
osteoblast developmentAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic processAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergicAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein metabolic processAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
retina development in camera-type eyeAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol effluxLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storageLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiationLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
reverse cholesterol transportLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
medium-chain fatty acid metabolic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cholesterolLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulusLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transportLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid secretionLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid catabolic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (22)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activityCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
carboxylesterase activityCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activityCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activityCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
misfolded protein bindingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
catalytic activityCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activityCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activityCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bondsCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
choline bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
collagen bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
serine hydrolase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
laminin bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
sterol esterase activityLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activityLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylesterase activityLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activityLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (24)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
endoplasmic reticulumCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCocaine esteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrixCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
rough endoplasmic reticulumCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumenCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
blood microparticleCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
basement membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleftAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synapseAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
side of membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid dropletLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid dropletLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (12)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID239167Inhibition constant against rabbit liver carboxylesterase (rCE) using nitrophenyl acetate (o-NPA) as substrate2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Identification and characterization of novel benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione) analogues as inhibitors of mammalian carboxylesterases.
AID239272Inhibition constant against human intestinal carboxylesterase 2 (hiCE) using nitrophenyl acetate (o-NPA) as substrate2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Identification and characterization of novel benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione) analogues as inhibitors of mammalian carboxylesterases.
AID1102900Antimicrobial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 33844 assessed as growth inhibition rate at 1.72 mg/l after 72 hr by spectrophotometry2004Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Volatile constituents from the leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and their antibacterial activities.
AID239122Inhibition constant against human Acetylcholinesterase (hAcChE) using acetylthiocholine (AcTCh) as substrate2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Identification and characterization of novel benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione) analogues as inhibitors of mammalian carboxylesterases.
AID1102806Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894 assessed as growth inhibition rate at 1.72 mg/l after 72 hr by spectrophotometry2004Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Volatile constituents from the leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and their antibacterial activities.
AID239197Inhibition constant against human liver carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) using nitrophenyl acetate (o-NPA) as substrate2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Identification and characterization of novel benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione) analogues as inhibitors of mammalian carboxylesterases.
AID1102931Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 assessed as growth inhibition rate at 1.72 mg/l after 72 hr by spectrophotometry2004Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Volatile constituents from the leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and their antibacterial activities.
AID1102838Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 assessed as growth inhibition rate at 1.72 mg/l after 72 hr by spectrophotometry2004Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Volatile constituents from the leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and their antibacterial activities.
AID1102962Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 assessed as growth inhibition rate at 1.72 mg/l after 72 hr by spectrophotometry2004Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Volatile constituents from the leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and their antibacterial activities.
AID1102869Antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 assessed as growth inhibition rate at 1.72 mg/l after 72 hr by spectrophotometry2004Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Volatile constituents from the leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and their antibacterial activities.
AID239166Inhibition constant against human Butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) using butyrylthiocholine (BuTCh) as substrate2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Identification and characterization of novel benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione) analogues as inhibitors of mammalian carboxylesterases.
AID1798224Enzyme Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm049011j: \\Identification and characterization of novel benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione) analogues as inhibitors of mammalian carboxylesterases.\\2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8
Identification and characterization of novel benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione) analogues as inhibitors of mammalian carboxylesterases.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (60)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19908 (13.33)18.7374
1990's2 (3.33)18.2507
2000's7 (11.67)29.6817
2010's35 (58.33)24.3611
2020's8 (13.33)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 41.67

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index41.67 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.13 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.32 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index58.99 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (41.67)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews4 (6.56%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other57 (93.44%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]