Page last updated: 2024-11-13

bictegravir

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Description

bictegravir: HIV Integrase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

bictegravir : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID90311989
CHEMBL ID3989866
CHEBI ID172943
SCHEMBL ID15914278

Synonyms (45)

Synonym
bictegravir
bictegravirum
CHEBI:172943
gs-9883
1611493-60-7
(2r,5s,13ar)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-n-(2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxamide
gs-9883-01
S5911
SCHEMBL15914278
bictegravir [usan:inn]
unii-8gb79loj07
2,5-methanopyrido(1',2':4,5)pyrazino(2,1-b)(1,3)oxazepine-10-carboxamide, 2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-n-((2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl)-, (2r,5s,13ar)-
bictegravir [usan]
bictegravir [inn]
8GB79LOJ07 ,
bictegravir [who-dd]
bictegravir [mi]
AC-30658
gs 9883
N16998
D10909
bictegravir (usan/inn)
SOLUWJRYJLAZCX-LYOVBCGYSA-N
CHEMBL3989866
DB11799
AKOS032954062
BCP25703
gs-9883; gs 9883; gs9883; gs-9883-01
HY-17605
CS-0014685
(1s,11r,13r)-5-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo-n-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-12-oxa-2,9-diazatetracyclo[11.2.1.0(2),(1)(1).0?,?]hexadeca-4,7-diene-7-carboxamide
DT-0020
AMY12383
Q27270406
gs9883
gtpl11575
(2r,5s,13ar)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-n-(2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2, 1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxamide
bdbm330048
us9663528, 42
(1s,11r,13r)-5-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo-n-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-12-oxa-2,9-diazatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.04,9]hexadeca-4,7-diene-7-carboxamide
EX-A3161
A902376
DTXSID701027937
(1s,11r,13r)-5-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo-n-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-12-oxa-2,9-diazatetracyclo[11.2.1.0^{2,11}.0^{4,9}]hexadeca-4,7-diene-7-carboxamide
EN300-22793610

Research Excerpts

Overview

Bictegravir (BIC) is a potent small-molecule integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and a component of Biktarvy. It is currently approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Bictegravir (BIC) is a potent small-molecule integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and a component of Biktarvy®, a single-tablet combination regimen that is currently approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. "( Human and nonclinical disposition of [
Hao, J; Jin, H; Lai, Y; Ling, J; Murray, B; Smith, BJ; Subramanian, R; Wang, J; Wang, K; Wijaya, S; Zhang, H,
)
1.57
"Bictegravir (BIC) is a potent small-molecule integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and a component of Biktarvy"( Human pharmacokinetics prediction with an
Custodio, J; Hao, J; Lazerwith, S; MacLennan Staiger, K; Murray, B; Mwangi, J; Rhodes, G; Smith, BJ; Subramanian, R; Sun, H; Tang, J; Wang, J; Wang, K; Wijaya, S; Zhang, H, 2022
)
2.16
"Bictegravir is a novel, potent INSTI with a high in-vitro barrier to resistance and low potential as a perpetrator or victim of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions."( Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection (GS-US-380-1489): a double-blind, multicentre, phase 3, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.
Brar, I; Cheng, A; Custodio, J; Daar, ES; Gallant, J; Girard, PM; Lazzarin, A; Martin, H; Mills, A; Orkin, C; Podzamczer, D; Quirk, E; Rockstroh, J; Tebas, P; Wei, X; White, K; Wohl, D, 2017
)
2.62

Actions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Bictegravir had a lower IC50 than the other INSTIs on those HIV-2 isolates bearing major, resistance-associated mutations (codons 143, 148, and 155)."( A New Mechanism of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 to Integrase Inhibitors: A 5-Amino-Acid Insertion in the Integrase C-Terminal Domain.
Bernard, L; Bertine, M; Charpentier, C; Collin, F; Collin, G; Damond, F; Descamps, D; Karmochkine, M; Le Hingrat, Q; Lê, M; Lemaignen, A; Matheron, S; Peytavin, G; Tubiana, R; Valin, N; Visseaux, B, 2019
)
1.24

Toxicity

fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide might be a safe and efficacious alternative to continued boosted protease inhibitor therapy in adults with HIV-1 infection. The overall incidence and severity of adverse events was similar between groups.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" HIV-1 RNA, adverse events (AEs), and laboratory assessments were evaluated through day 17."( Antiviral Activity, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir as 10-Day Monotherapy in HIV-1-Infected Adults.
Cheng, A; DeJesus, E; Gallant, JE; Martin, H; Quirk, E; Thompson, M; Voskuhl, GW; Wei, X; White, K; Zhang, H, 2017
)
0.71
" BIC was well tolerated, with no discontinuations because of adverse events."( Antiviral Activity, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir as 10-Day Monotherapy in HIV-1-Infected Adults.
Cheng, A; DeJesus, E; Gallant, JE; Martin, H; Quirk, E; Thompson, M; Voskuhl, GW; Wei, X; White, K; Zhang, H, 2017
)
0.71
" INSTIs have also been demonstrated as safe and tolerable."( Dolutegravir Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events: Specific Drug Effect or Class Effect.
Yombi, JC,
)
0.13
" The overall incidence and severity of adverse events was similar between groups, although headache occurred more frequently in the bictegravir group than in the boosted protease inhibitor group."( Efficacy and safety of switching to fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide from boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1: 48 week results of a randomised, open-label, multicentre, ph
Andreatta, K; Cheng, A; Creticos, C; Crofoot, G; Custodio, J; Daar, ES; DeJesus, E; Graham, H; Koenig, E; Liu, YP; Martin, H; Molina, JM; Oguchi, G; Quirk, E; Rockstroh, JK; Ruane, P, 2018
)
0.94
"Fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide might be a safe and efficacious alternative to continued boosted protease inhibitor therapy in adults with HIV-1 infection."( Efficacy and safety of switching to fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide from boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1: 48 week results of a randomised, open-label, multicentre, ph
Andreatta, K; Cheng, A; Creticos, C; Crofoot, G; Custodio, J; Daar, ES; DeJesus, E; Graham, H; Koenig, E; Liu, YP; Martin, H; Molina, JM; Oguchi, G; Quirk, E; Rockstroh, JK; Ruane, P, 2018
)
1.13
" INSTIs are generally well tolerated, and reported rates of discontinuation due to drug-related adverse events (AEs) have been very low to date."( Nothing is perfect: the safety issues of integrase inhibitor regimens.
Podzamczer, D; Scévola, S; Tiraboschi, JM, 2020
)
0.56
" Adverse events were reported in 8 (7%) patients."( [Effectiveness, safety, and economic impact of the bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide regimen in real clinical practice cohort of HIV-1 infected adult patients].
Gutiérrez-Lorenzo, M; Rubio-Calvo, D; Urda-Romacho, J, 2021
)
0.87
" However, we found a large difference between the high percentages of patients reporting an adverse event in three phase 3 clinical trials and our results."( [Effectiveness, safety, and economic impact of the bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide regimen in real clinical practice cohort of HIV-1 infected adult patients].
Gutiérrez-Lorenzo, M; Rubio-Calvo, D; Urda-Romacho, J, 2021
)
0.87
" Week 48 virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL), resistance, adverse events (AEs), and laboratory parameters were assessed."( Brief Report: Efficacy and Safety of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Females Living With HIV: An Integrated Analysis of 5 Trials.
Ajana, F; Brainard, D; Chuck, SK; Collins, SE; Gandhi-Patel, B; Kityo, C; Koenig, E; Liu, Y; Makadzange, T; McNicholl, I; Natukunda, E; Orkin, C; Pikora, C; Wang, H; Wei, X; White, K, 2021
)
0.89
"Exposure to some InSTIs, even at subtherapeutic concentrations, can induce adverse effects in hESCs and pregnant mice."( Second-Generation Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Inhibitors Induce Differentiation Dysregulation and Exert Toxic Effects in Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Mouse Models.
Ajaykumar, A; Côté, HCF; Gadawska, I; Hsieh, AYY; Martineau, L; Mohan, H; Patel, R; Piret, JM; Serghides, L; Sherwood, C; Smith, MR, 2022
)
0.72
"Previous clinical data have shown that raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) with fewer drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse events (AEs) is a good regimen in patients with HIV infection who need cancer chemotherapy."( Safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy containing INSTIs and chemotherapy drugs in people living with HIV and concomitant colorectal cancer.
Chen, T; Gui, F; Tan, J; Wei, G; Yang, J; Zhao, Y, 2022
)
0.72
" Only five participants experienced mild clinical adverse events attributed to the study drug (including headache, diarrhea, and nausea) and four participants had elevated serum creatinine (grade 1)."( An open-label evaluation of safety and tolerability of coformulated bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide for post-exposure prophylaxis following potential exposure to human immunodeficiency virus-1.
Bu Dou Re Xi Ti, GA; Dai, L; Gao, Y; Hua, W; Li, A; Li, J; Li, Z; Liu, A; Shao, Y; Sun, L; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Wu, RE; Xin, R; Ye, J; Zhang, H, 2022
)
0.96
"A once daily, STR of BIC/FTC/TAF used as PEP was safe and well-tolerated with a high rate of completion and adherence in Chinese."( An open-label evaluation of safety and tolerability of coformulated bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide for post-exposure prophylaxis following potential exposure to human immunodeficiency virus-1.
Bu Dou Re Xi Ti, GA; Dai, L; Gao, Y; Hua, W; Li, A; Li, J; Li, Z; Liu, A; Shao, Y; Sun, L; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Wu, RE; Xin, R; Ye, J; Zhang, H, 2022
)
0.96
" We assessed discontinuations and adverse events (AEs) that were considered related to the initial INSTI in the first year following initiation among treatment-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH)."( Treatment-related early discontinuations and adverse events among newly diagnosed people living with HIV initiating integrase inhibitors in a real-world setting.
Castano, J; DeJesus, E; Hinestrosa, F; Nguyen, V; Patel, K; Rolle, CP, 2023
)
0.91
" We analysed the incidence of adverse events (AEs), laboratory abnormalities, and changes in relevant tolerability parameters through 48 weeks."( Efficacy and safety of switching to bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed Asian adults living with HIV: A pooled analysis from three international phase III randomized trials.
Avihingsanon, A; Chetchotisakd, P; Kiertiburanakul, S; Martin, H; Ratanasuwan, W; Siripassorn, K; Supparatpinyo, K; Wang, H; Wang, HY; Wong, T, 2023
)
1.19
" Virological reactions and adverse events to the treatment were recorded, and patient subjective feelings in the form of Electronic Patient Reporting Outcome (ePRO) were collected."( Clinical efficacy, safety, and subjective experience based on ePRO in HIV-infected individuals administered Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in southwest China.
Fu, Y; Gan, L; Kong, L; Long, H; Ma, S; Xie, X; Yang, X, 2023
)
1.12
" By Week 24, no patients had discontinued the BIC/FTC/TAF treatment due to adverse events."( Clinical efficacy, safety, and subjective experience based on ePRO in HIV-infected individuals administered Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in southwest China.
Fu, Y; Gan, L; Kong, L; Long, H; Ma, S; Xie, X; Yang, X, 2023
)
1.12
" We also measured changes from baseline in CD4 + cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio, lipid parameters, weight, creatinine (Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and drug-related adverse effects (DRAEs)."( Efficacy and safety profiles of dolutegravir plus lamivudine vs . bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in therapy-naïve adults with HIV-1.
Deng, Y; He, L; Li, J; Wang, Y; Wei, Y; Wen, L; Xu, R; Zhong, H, 2023
)
1.15

Pharmacokinetics

A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for bictegravir with clinically observed data from phase I studies. We used PBPK modeling to simulate DDI magnitudes of various scenarios.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" BIC was well tolerated, and displayed rapid absorption and a half-life supportive of once-daily therapy in HIV-infected subjects."( Antiviral Activity, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir as 10-Day Monotherapy in HIV-1-Infected Adults.
Cheng, A; DeJesus, E; Gallant, JE; Martin, H; Quirk, E; Thompson, M; Voskuhl, GW; Wei, X; White, K; Zhang, H, 2017
)
0.71
" A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for bictegravir with clinically observed data from phase I studies."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Combined with Swiss HIV Cohort Study Data Supports No Dose Adjustment of Bictegravir in Elderly Individuals Living With HIV.
Battegay, M; Courlet, P; Decosterd, LA; Marzolini, C; Stader, F, 2021
)
1.06
" We used physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to simulate DDI magnitudes of various scenarios to guide the clinical DDI management of bictegravir."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Support the Clinical Management of Drug-Drug Interactions With Bictegravir.
Battegay, M; Marzolini, C; Stader, F, 2021
)
1.03
" However, no real-world pharmacokinetic (PK) data are available in treatment-experienced patients with antiretroviral resistance receiving BIC/FTC/TAF plus a boosted protease inhibitor."( Brief Report: Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir and Tenofovir in Combination With Darunavir/Cobicistat in Treatment-Experienced Persons With HIV.
Best, BM; Hill, L; Momper, JD; Patel, N; Salama, E, 2021
)
0.9
"This prospective, single-center, nonrandomized pharmacokinetic study enrolled adult treatment-experienced persons with HIV and creatinine clearance >30 mL/min receiving BIC/FTC/TAF + DRV/c as part of routine clinical care."( Brief Report: Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir and Tenofovir in Combination With Darunavir/Cobicistat in Treatment-Experienced Persons With HIV.
Best, BM; Hill, L; Momper, JD; Patel, N; Salama, E, 2021
)
0.9
" The median (interquartile range [IQR]) BIC AUC0-tau,exp and Cmax values were 128."( Brief Report: Pharmacokinetics of Bictegravir and Tenofovir in Combination With Darunavir/Cobicistat in Treatment-Experienced Persons With HIV.
Best, BM; Hill, L; Momper, JD; Patel, N; Salama, E, 2021
)
0.9

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies were only conducted for strong inhibitors and inducers, leading to some uncertainty whether moderate perpetrators or multiple drug associations can be safely coadministered with bictegravir."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Support the Clinical Management of Drug-Drug Interactions With Bictegravir.
Battegay, M; Marzolini, C; Stader, F, 2021
)
1.02
"Lenacapavir warrants further investigation as a potential antiretroviral used orally and as injection in combination with other antiretroviral drugs."( Lenacapavir administered every 26 weeks or daily in combination with oral daily antiretroviral therapy for initial treatment of HIV: a randomised, open-label, active-controlled, phase 2 trial.
Baeten, JM; Benson, P; Berhe, M; Crofoot, G; Dvory-Sobol, H; Gupta, SK; Koenig, E; Liu, SY; McDonald, C; Ramgopal, M; Rhee, MS; Ruane, P; Sanchez, WE; Scribner, A; Sims, J; VanderVeen, LA, 2023
)
0.91

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" BIC has demonstrated a high genetic barrier to resistance development in vitro, can be administered with or without food, and has a bioavailability of > 70%."( Bictegravir, a novel integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection.
Bhatia, R; Rizza, S; Temesgen, Z; Zeuli, J, 2019
)
1.96
"A crossover, randomized trial in healthy adults (NCT04244448) investigated the bioavailability of two off-label uses of BIC/TAF/FTC (50/200/25 mg), dissolved in water or crushed in apple compote, compared with the solid tablet."( Bioavailability of dissolved and crushed single tablets of bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide in healthy adults: the SOLUBIC randomized crossover study.
Alix, A; Bois, J; Brucato, S; Dargere, S; Fournel, F; Fournier, A; Got, L; Gregoire, N; Hocqueloux, L; Lefeuvre, S; McNicholl, I; Parienti, JJ; Peyro-Saint-Paul, L; Prazuck, T; Valentin, C, 2022
)
0.96

Dosage Studied

There is currently no guidance on twice-daily cation dosing with coadministered bictegravir. There is limited guidance on multivitamin coadministration in this context. Differing elvitegravirs distribution may result in variable mucosal and systemic antiviral activity.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Recently approved or investigational antiretroviral drugs present considerable advantages, allowing once daily oral dosage along with activity against resistant variants (eg, bictegravir and doravirine) and also parenteral intramuscular administration that facilitates treatment adherence (eg, long-acting injectable formulations such as cabotegravir and rilpivirine)."( Development and validation of a multiplex UHPLC-MS/MS assay with stable isotopic internal standards for the monitoring of the plasma concentrations of the antiretroviral drugs bictegravir, cabotegravir, doravirine, and rilpivirine in people living with HI
Alves Saldanha, S; André, P; Buclin, T; Cavassini, M; Choong, E; Courlet, P; Csajka, C; Decosterd, LA; Desfontaine, V; Günthard, HF; Marzolini, C, 2020
)
0.94
"Clinical studies in aging people living with HIV (PLWH) are sparse for the novel integrase inhibitor bictegravir, leading to some uncertainty about dosing recommendations for elderly PLWH."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Combined with Swiss HIV Cohort Study Data Supports No Dose Adjustment of Bictegravir in Elderly Individuals Living With HIV.
Battegay, M; Courlet, P; Decosterd, LA; Marzolini, C; Stader, F, 2021
)
1.05
" Due to binding interactions between polyvalent cations and bictegravir and the potential impact on antiretroviral efficacy, construction of a daily medication schedule to avoid interactions between the antiretroviral regimen and the supplements while promoting optimal dosing of each supplement was necessary; however there is currently no guidance on twice-daily cation dosing with coadministered bictegravir and limited guidance on multivitamin coadministration in this context."( Achievement of virologic suppression with HIV antiretroviral therapy in a patient also taking multiple daily cation supplement doses: A case report and review of the literature.
Buscemi, L; Mossholder, B, 2023
)
1.15
" To better understand INSTI distribution and inform dosing selection we compared the pharmacology of two-dose boosted elvitegravir and unboosted bictegravir regimens in MSM."( Pharmacology of boosted and unboosted integrase strand transfer inhibitors for two-dose event-driven HIV prevention regimens among men.
Conway-Washington, C; Dinh, C; Edwards, TE; Fountain, J; García-Lerma, JG; Haaland, RE; Hall, L; Heneine, WM; Holder, A; Kelley, CF; Lupo, LD; Martin, A; Massud, I, 2023
)
1.11
"Mean bictegravir plasma concentrations remained above the 95% protein-adjusted effective concentration 96 h after dosing [273 (95% CI: 164-456) ng/mL] whereas elvitegravir plasma concentrations became undetectable 48 h after the second dose."( Pharmacology of boosted and unboosted integrase strand transfer inhibitors for two-dose event-driven HIV prevention regimens among men.
Conway-Washington, C; Dinh, C; Edwards, TE; Fountain, J; García-Lerma, JG; Haaland, RE; Hall, L; Heneine, WM; Holder, A; Kelley, CF; Lupo, LD; Martin, A; Massud, I, 2023
)
1.42
" Differing elvitegravir and bictegravir distribution may result in variable mucosal and systemic antiviral activity and can inform dosing strategies for event-driven HIV prevention."( Pharmacology of boosted and unboosted integrase strand transfer inhibitors for two-dose event-driven HIV prevention regimens among men.
Conway-Washington, C; Dinh, C; Edwards, TE; Fountain, J; García-Lerma, JG; Haaland, RE; Hall, L; Heneine, WM; Holder, A; Kelley, CF; Lupo, LD; Martin, A; Massud, I, 2023
)
1.2
"Antiretroviral agents with novel mechanisms and dosing intervals could expand treatment options for people with HIV."( Lenacapavir administered every 26 weeks or daily in combination with oral daily antiretroviral therapy for initial treatment of HIV: a randomised, open-label, active-controlled, phase 2 trial.
Baeten, JM; Benson, P; Berhe, M; Crofoot, G; Dvory-Sobol, H; Gupta, SK; Koenig, E; Liu, SY; McDonald, C; Ramgopal, M; Rhee, MS; Ruane, P; Sanchez, WE; Scribner, A; Sims, J; VanderVeen, LA, 2023
)
0.91
"Cabotegravir plus rilpivirine is the only approved complete long-acting regimen for the maintenance of HIV-1 virological suppression dosed every 2 months."( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of switching to long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine versus continuing fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed adults with HIV, 12-month results (SOLAR): a random
Berni, A; Castagna, A; Cazanave, C; Chounta, V; D'Amico, R; Di Perri, G; Diaz-Brito, V; Dretler, R; Garges, HP; Latham, CL; Oka, S; Osiyemi, O; Pascual Bernáldez, M; Patel, P; Ramgopal, MN; Sims, J; Smith, K; Spreen, WR; Sutherland-Phillips, D; Sutton, K; Van Eygen, V; Van Solingen-Ristea, R; van Wyk, J; Walmsley, S; Zhang, F, 2023
)
1.12
" Participants with HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL were randomly assigned (2:1), stratified by sex at birth and BMI, to either long-acting cabotegravir (600 mg) plus rilpivirine (900 mg) dosed intramuscularly every 2 months or to continue daily oral bictegravir (50 mg), emtricitabine (200 mg), and tenofovir alafenamide (25 mg)."( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of switching to long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine versus continuing fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed adults with HIV, 12-month results (SOLAR): a random
Berni, A; Castagna, A; Cazanave, C; Chounta, V; D'Amico, R; Di Perri, G; Diaz-Brito, V; Dretler, R; Garges, HP; Latham, CL; Oka, S; Osiyemi, O; Pascual Bernáldez, M; Patel, P; Ramgopal, MN; Sims, J; Smith, K; Spreen, WR; Sutherland-Phillips, D; Sutton, K; Van Eygen, V; Van Solingen-Ristea, R; van Wyk, J; Walmsley, S; Zhang, F, 2023
)
1.3
"These data support the use of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine dosed every 2 months as a complete antiretroviral regimen that has similar efficacy to a commonly used integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based first-line regimen, while addressing unmet psychosocial issues associated with daily oral treatment."( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of switching to long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine versus continuing fixed-dose bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed adults with HIV, 12-month results (SOLAR): a random
Berni, A; Castagna, A; Cazanave, C; Chounta, V; D'Amico, R; Di Perri, G; Diaz-Brito, V; Dretler, R; Garges, HP; Latham, CL; Oka, S; Osiyemi, O; Pascual Bernáldez, M; Patel, P; Ramgopal, MN; Sims, J; Smith, K; Spreen, WR; Sutherland-Phillips, D; Sutton, K; Van Eygen, V; Van Solingen-Ristea, R; van Wyk, J; Walmsley, S; Zhang, F, 2023
)
1.12
" Regimen Optimization in the setting of HIV suppression may reduce pill burden, and/or dosing frequency, enhance tolerability and/or decrease toxicity, prevent or mitigate DDIs, eliminate food/fluid requirements, relieve pill fatigue, decrease stigma or concerns associated with taking oral med, allow pregnancy, reduce costs (DHHS 2023)."( Optimizing Antiretroviral Therapy with Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in virologically suppressed PLWH.
Andreoni, M, 2023
)
1.18
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
HIV-1 integrase inhibitorAn inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, an enzyme required for the integration of the genetic material of the retrovirus into the DNA of the infected cells.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
monocarboxylic acid amideA carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.
secondary carboxamideA carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a primary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1).
trifluorobenzeneAny member of the class of fluorobenzenes carrying three fluorine substituents at unspecified positions.
organic heterotetracyclic compound
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusKi302.00000.00753.00839.1100AID1805801
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Ki302.00000.00001.63079.0000AID1805801
Integrase Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)0.00750.00051.544310.0000AID1588917
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modificationReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (12)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cysteine-type endopeptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
5'-3' RNA helicase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K63-linked deubiquitinase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K48-linked deubiquitinase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoestersReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membraneReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membraneReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (3)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1689343Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 189Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico modeling of novel integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs).
AID1588917Inhibition of HIV integrase strand transfer activity2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-hydroxyquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones as dual inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H and integrase.
AID1805801Various Assay from Article 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00409: \\Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.\\2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23
Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (164)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's41 (25.00)24.3611
2020's123 (75.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 97.47

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index97.47 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.29 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.97 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index174.74 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (97.47)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials29 (17.26%)5.53%
Reviews23 (13.69%)6.00%
Case Studies15 (8.93%)4.05%
Observational8 (4.76%)0.25%
Other93 (55.36%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]