omapatrilat profile

omapatrilat: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	656629
CHEMBL ID	289556
CHEBI ID	135660
SCHEMBL ID	130098
MeSH ID	M0276976

Synonym
(4s,7s,10as)-4-((s)-2-mercapto-3-phenylpropanamido)-5-oxo-octahydro-2h-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
(4s,6s,9as)-6-((s)-2-mercapto-3-phenyl-propionylamino)-5-oxo-octahydro-9-thia-4a-aza-benzocycloheptene-4-carboxylic acid
bdbm50073120
vanlev
bms-186716
octahydro-4-((2-mercapto-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-5-oxo-7h-pyrido(2,1-b)(1,3)thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
omapatrilat
omapatrilat (jan/usan/inn)
167305-00-2
bms 186716
D01970
(4s,7s,10as)-octahydro-4-((s)-alpha-mercaptohydrocinnamamido)-5-oxo-7h-pyrido(2,1-b)(1,3)thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
bms-186716-01
(4s-(4alpha(r*),7alpha,10abeta))-octahydro-4-((2-mercapto-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-5-oxo-7h-pyrido(2,1-b)(1,3)thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
7h-pyrido(2,1-b)(1,3)thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid, octahydro-4-((2-mercapto-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-5-oxo-, (4s-(4alpha(r*),7alpha,10abeta))-
7h-pyrido(2,1-b)(1,3)thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid, octahydro-4-(((2s)-2-mercapto-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-5-oxo-, (4s,7s,10as)-
omapatrilat [usan]
CHEBI:135660
CHEMBL289556 ,
(4s,7s,10as)-5-oxo-4-[[(2s)-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
unii-36nli90e7t
36nli90e7t ,
omapatrilat [usan:inn:ban]
omapatrilat [mi]
omapatrilat [mart.]
omapatrilat [vandf]
(4s-(4.alpha.(r*),7.alpha.,10a.beta.))-octahydro-4-((2-mercapto-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-5-oxo-7h-pyrido(2,1-b)(1,3)thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
(4s,7s,10as)-octahydro-4-[(s)-alpha-mercaptohydrocinnamamido]-5-oxo-7h-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
omapatrilat [jan]
omapatrilat [who-dd]
omapatrilat [inn]
DB00886
omapatrilate
SCHEMBL130098
DTXSID80168273
omapatrilat, >=98% (hplc)
(4s,7s,10as)-4-((s)-2-mercapto-3-phenylpropanamido)-5-oxooctahydro-2h-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
CS-6369
HY-18208
omapatrylate
159317-63-2
Q7089596
NCGC00509984-01
ft8 ,
(4s,7s,10as)-4-((s)-2-mercapto-3-phenylpropanamido)-5-oxooctahydro-7h-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid
MS-27025
AKOS040742333

Research Excerpts

Overview

Omapatrilat (OMP) is a novel mixed inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP), the enzyme that metabolizes natriuretic peptides. Omapatrillat appears to be a safe, well-tolerated and effective antihypertensive in humans.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Omapatrilat is a potent vasopeptidase inhibitor that significantly inhibits tissue ACE and NEP, with the degree of inhibition varying according to the enzyme and the tissue under assessment."	( Differential tissue and enzyme inhibitory effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat in the rat. Burrell, LM; Casley, DJ; Dean, RG; Hubner, RA; Johnston, CI; Kubota, E, 2003)	1.27
"Omapatrilat (OMP) is a novel mixed inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP), the enzyme that metabolizes natriuretic peptides. "	( Cardiac and renal effects of omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, in rats with experimental congestive heart failure. Abassi, ZA; Golomb, E; Hoffman, A; Karram, T; Winaver, J; Yahia, A; Zeid, S, 2005)	2.06
"Omapatrilat is a dual angiotensin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase inhibitor. "	( [Omapatrilat--new drug for patients with hypertension and heart failure]. Dzielska-Olczak, M, 2005)	2.68
"Omapatrilat appears to be a safe, well-tolerated and effective antihypertensive in humans."	( Vasopeptidase inhibition: a new concept in blood pressure management. Burnett, JC, 1999)	1.02
"Omapatrilat is a member of the new drug class of vasopeptidase inhibitors that may offer benefit in the treatment of heart failure (HF) through simultaneous inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase. "	( Beneficial renal and hemodynamic effects of omapatrilat in mild and severe heart failure. Espiner, EA; Frampton, CM; Nicholls, MG; Powell, JD; Rademaker, MT; Richards, AM; Troughton, RW; Yandle, TG, 2000)	2.01
"Omapatrilat is a potent vasopeptidase inhibitor, and its antihypertensive effects are associated with inhibition of NEP and ACE at the tissue level and beneficial effects on cardiovascular structure."	( Antihypertensive and antihypertrophic effects of omapatrilat in SHR. Burrell, LM; Droogh, J; Farina, NK; Johnston, CI; Man in't Veld, O; Rockell, MD, 2000)	1.28
"Omapatrilat is a single molecule that simultaneously inhibits neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme, thus preserving vasodilator peptides and inhibiting production of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II."	( Effects of age and gender on the pharmacodynamics of omapatrilat in healthy volunteers. Davis, KD; Ferreira, IM; Hammett, JL; Hutman, HW; Liao, W; Manning, J; Meier, A; Vesterqvist, O, )	1.1
"Omapatrilat is a newly developed vasopeptidase inhibitor that inhibits both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase and has potent antihypertensive efficacy. "	( The cardiovascular actions of omapatrilat in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Atamas, N; Dong, Y; Liao, WC; Shaffer, E; Wei, C; Zhou, H, 2001)	2.04

Effects

Omapatrilat has a substantial anti-atherosclerotic effect, which can be related not only to BP reduction but also to its ability to reduce oxidative stress in atherosclerosis E0 mice. Omapatrillat, a VPI, has a greater protective effect on BK metabolism than that of a pure ACE inhibitor.

Omapatrilat has potent enzymatic inhibitory effects on the angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase. The drug has a substantial anti-atherosclerotic effect, which can be related not only to BP reduction but also to its ability to reduce oxidative stress.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Omapatrilat has a substantial anti-atherosclerotic effect, which can be related not only to BP reduction but also to its ability to reduce oxidative stress in atherosclerotic E0 mice."	( Omapatrilat decreased macrophage oxidative status and atherosclerosis progression in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Aviram, M; Coleman, R; Hamoud, S; Hayek, T; Kaplan, M; Keidar, S; Pavlotzky, E, 2004)	3.21
"Omapatrilat, a VPI, has a greater protective effect on BK metabolism than that of a pure ACE inhibitor."	( Protective effect of omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, on the metabolism of bradykinin in normal and failing human hearts. Adam, A; Blais, C; Fortin, D; Molinaro, G; Rouleau, JL, 2000)	1.35
"Omapatrilat has potent enzymatic inhibitory effects on the angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase. "	( Omapatrilat induces profound renal vasodilation but does not affect coronary hemodynamics. Frohlich, ED; Slama, M; Susic, D; Varagic, J, 2003)	3.2
"Omapatrilat has a substantial anti-atherosclerotic effect, which can be related not only to BP reduction but also to its ability to reduce oxidative stress in atherosclerotic E0 mice."	( Omapatrilat decreased macrophage oxidative status and atherosclerosis progression in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Aviram, M; Coleman, R; Hamoud, S; Hayek, T; Kaplan, M; Keidar, S; Pavlotzky, E, 2004)	3.21
"Omapatrilat has the potential to be an effective, broad spectrum antihypertensive agent."	( Effects of omapatrilat in low, normal, and high renin experimental hypertension. Asaad, MM; Fox, M; Panchal, BC; Robl, JA; Schaeffer, TR; Trippodo, NC, 1998)	1.41
"Omapatrilat, a VPI, has a greater protective effect on BK metabolism than that of a pure ACE inhibitor."	( Protective effect of omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, on the metabolism of bradykinin in normal and failing human hearts. Adam, A; Blais, C; Fortin, D; Molinaro, G; Rouleau, JL, 2000)	1.35
"Omapatrilat has consistently shown efficacy in decreasing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure to a similar or greater extent than either lisinopril or amlodipine; however, systolic pressure is more responsive to omapatrilat treatment than diastolic pressure."	( Omapatrilat: a unique new agent for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Anderson, JR; Nawarskas, JJ, )	2.3

Actions

Omapatrilat induced an increase in postdose plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels (p<0.01) in high-dose groups consistent with endopeptidase 24.11 inhibition.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Omapatrilat induced an increase in postdose plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels (p<0.01) in the high dose groups, with a reduction in predose plasma brain natriuretic peptide (p<0.001) and epinephrine (p<0.01) levels after 12 weeks of therapy."	( The clinical, cardiac, renal, arterial and neurohormonal effects of omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, in patients with chronic heart failure. Crozier, IG; Garlick, AH; Ikram, H; McClean, DR; Nicholls, MG; Richards, AM, 2000)	1.26
"Omapatrilat induced an increase in postdose plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels (30 +/- 11 vs -2 +/- 7 pmol/L, p < 0.01) in high-dose groups consistent with endopeptidase 24.11 inhibition."	( Effects of omapatrilat on systemic arterial function in patients with chronic heart failure. Crozier, IG; Garlick, AH; Ikram, H; McClean, DR, 2001)	1.42

Treatment

Omapatrilat treatment significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy and improved endothelial function in carotid arteries from male SHRSP by NO-dependent mechanisms. Omapatrillat treatment normalized the BNP and reduced the BP by 45 mm Hg in the NX rats.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Omapatrilat treatment normalized the BNP and reduced the BP by 45 mm Hg in the NX rats."	( Vasopeptidase Inhibition Corrects the Structure and Function of the Small Arteries in Experimental Renal Insufficiency. Eräranta, A; Haltia, O; Jokihaara, J; Mustonen, J; Nordhausen, K; Pörsti, I; Ruskoaho, H; Rysä, J; Tikkanen, I; Törmänen, S, 2015)	1.14
"Omapatrilat treatment reduced BP, normalized volume overload, improved vasorelaxation and corrected the dimensions and passive elastic properties of the small arteries in the NX rats. "	( Vasopeptidase Inhibition Corrects the Structure and Function of the Small Arteries in Experimental Renal Insufficiency. Eräranta, A; Haltia, O; Jokihaara, J; Mustonen, J; Nordhausen, K; Pörsti, I; Ruskoaho, H; Rysä, J; Tikkanen, I; Törmänen, S, 2015)	1.86
"Omapatrilat treatment did not affect weight or plasma glucose levels."	( Omapatrilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, attenuates early atherosclerosis in diabetic and in nondiabetic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Cohen, H; Dvir, A; Harats, D; Levkovietz, H; Levy, Z; Ravid, M; Rhachmani, R; Shaish, A; Trestman, S, )	2.3
"The Omapatrilat-treated mice serum susceptibility to lipid peroxidation was reduced by up to 21%, and their serum paraoxonase activity was increased by up to 24%, compared with placebo-treated mice."	( Omapatrilat decreased macrophage oxidative status and atherosclerosis progression in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Aviram, M; Coleman, R; Hamoud, S; Hayek, T; Kaplan, M; Keidar, S; Pavlotzky, E, 2004)	2.25
"Two omapatrilat-treated subjects experienced angioedema with airway compromise, which was successfully treated."	( Omapatrilat and enalapril in patients with hypertension: the Omapatrilat Cardiovascular Treatment vs. Enalapril (OCTAVE) trial. Black, HR; Henry, D; Kostis, JB; Levy, E; Packer, M; Schmieder, R, 2004)	2.25
"Omapatrilat treatment significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy and improved endothelial function in carotid arteries from male SHRSP by NO-dependent mechanisms. "	( Comparison of the effects of omapatrilat and irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide on endothelial function and cardiac hypertrophy in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat: sex differences. Beattie, E; Dominiczak, AF; Graham, D; Hamilton, C; Spiers, A, 2004)	2.06
"Omapatrilat (OMA) treatment relieved myocardial lesions and improved cardiac function."	( Changes in production and metabolism of brain natriuretic peptide in rats with myocardial necrosis. Cai, DY; Geng, B; Jiang, HF; Jiang, W; Pan, CS; Qi, YF; Tang, CS, 2005)	1.05
"Omapatrilat treatment reduced MI size and resulted in beneficial ventricular remodelling as reflected by a reduction in cardiac dimensions by echocardiography, and LV and right ventricular hypertrophy, which resulted in borderline hemodynamic improvement."	( Effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on peri- and postmyocardial infarction in Zucker lean rats. Adam, A; Lapointe, N; Lou, I; Marcotte, F; Nguyen, QT; Parker, TG; Rouleau, JL; Tsoporis, JN, 2005)	1.32
"Omapatrilat treatment improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of resistance arteries as elicited by acetylcholine (10(-5) mol/L) but had no significant effect on endothelium-independent relaxation produced by a nitric oxide donor (sodium nitroprusside)."	( Vasopeptidase inhibition has potent effects on blood pressure and resistance arteries in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Intengan, HD; Schiffrin, EL, 2000)	1.03
"Both omapatrilat and enalapril treatments of MI rats significantly increased cardiac BK concentrations compared with the sham-operated group (P < 0.05)."	( Effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on cardiac endogenous kinins in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Adam, A; Blais, C; Clément, R; Geadah, D; Gervais, N; Lapointe, N; Rouleau, JL, 2001)	1.04
"Omapatrilat treatment of the SN-salt rats significantly decreased the mean arterial pressure to 123+/-7 mm Hg and significantly reduced the heart-to-body weight ratio."	( Omapatrilat in subtotal nephrectomy-salt hypertension: role of calcitonin gene-related peptide. DiPette, DJ; Supowit, SC; Wang, DH; Zhao, H, 2001)	2.47
"Both omapatrilat and captopril treatments improve early (4 days) post-MI survival when started 4 h post-MI."	( Effects of captopril and omapatrilat on early post-myocardial infarction survival and cardiac hemodynamics in rats: interaction with cardiac cytokine expression. Adam, A; Bachvarov, DR; Blais, C; Clément, R; Lapointe, N; Rouleau, JL, 2002)	1.07
"Omapatrilat and CGS treatment increased lumen diameter and decreased media width and media/lumen ratio of small arteries of DOCA-salt rats (P < 0.05)."	( Comparison of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and dual ACE/NEP inhibition on blood pressure and resistance arteries of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Pu, Q; Schiffrin, EL; Touyz, RM, 2002)	1.04
"Treatment with omapatrilat or lisinopril reduced SAP in HT (P <0.05) similarly by about 10%."	( Comparison of the cardiovascular protection by omapatrilat and lisinopril treatments in DOCA-salt hypertension. de Champlain, J; Demeilliers, B; El Midaoui, A; Lamontagne, D; Laplante, MA; Millette, E; Moreau, P; Wu, R, 2003)	0.92
"Rats treated with omapatrilat and captopril had reduced cardiac BNP mRNA levels and less myocardial fibrosis by comparison with the vehicle-treated rats."	( Effect of vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ventricular remodeling in rat myocardial infarction. Bäcklund, T; Eriksson, A; Grönholm, T; Laine, M; Lakkisto, P; Nieminen, MS; Palojoki, E; Saraste, A; Tikkanen, I; Voipio-Pulkki, LM; Vuolteenaho, O, 2003)	0.92
"Treatment with omapatrilat inhibits atherogenesis in diabetic as well as nondiabetic LDL receptor-deficient mice despite an increase in plasma lipids, suggesting a direct effect on the arterial wall."	( Omapatrilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, attenuates early atherosclerosis in diabetic and in nondiabetic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Cohen, H; Dvir, A; Harats, D; Levkovietz, H; Levy, Z; Ravid, M; Rhachmani, R; Shaish, A; Trestman, S, )	1.91
"Treatment with omapatrilat resulted in improved early (24 h) and late (38 days) survival following MI (50% to 67%, P=0.023, and 44% to 59%, P=0.045, respectively). "	( Effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on peri- and postmyocardial infarction in Zucker lean rats. Adam, A; Lapointe, N; Lou, I; Marcotte, F; Nguyen, QT; Parker, TG; Rouleau, JL; Tsoporis, JN, 2005)	0.95
"Treatment with omapatrilat has a higher tendency towards preventing death and worsening heart failure."	( [Omapatrilat--new drug for patients with hypertension and heart failure]. Dzielska-Olczak, M, 2005)	1.58

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Adverse events, serious adverse events, and discontinuations attributed to adverse events were infrequent."	( Efficacy and safety of omapatrilat with hydrochlorothiazide for the treatment of hypertension in subjects nonresponsive to hydrochlorothiazide alone. Barbosa, JA; Ferdinand, K; Kushnir, E; Lewin, A; Saini, R; Yellen, L, 2001)	0.62
" Thus, omapatrilat administered orally to patients with heart failure was safe and well tolerated and resulted in improved hemodynamic performance."	( Effects of omapatrilat on hemodynamics and safety in patients with heart failure. Bilsker, M; Eng, C; Heywood, JT; Iteld, BJ; Klapholz, M; Niederman, AL; Ponce, GA; Synhorst, D; Thomas, I, 2001)	1.16

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of omapatrilat are consistent with once-daily dosing. This article outlines the pharmacodynamics effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omap atrilat on biomarkers of NEP and ACE activity in humans.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma omapatrilat concentrations."	( Omapatrilat in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Ge, G; Jemal, M; Malhotra, B; Mangold, B; Manning, J; O'Grady, P; Vesterqvist, O, 2001)	2
" This article outlines the pharmacodynamic effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on biomarkers of NEP and ACE activity in humans."	( Effects of omapatrilat on pharmacodynamic biomarkers of neutral endopeptidase and Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in humans. Reeves, RA; Vesterqvist, O, 2001)	0.93
" Clinical pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in both groups after intravenous dosing, but maximum concentration and area under the concentration-time curve were elevated in CHF patients compared with controls after oral dosing."	( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of omapatrilat in heart failure. Cohen, M; Delaney, C; Jemal, M; Klapholz, M; Kollia, GD; Kostis, JB; Liao, WC; Manning, JA; Vesterqvist, O, 2001)	0.58
" The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of omapatrilat are consistent with once-daily dosing."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the vasopeptidase inhibitor, omapatrilat in healthy subjects. Delaney, C; Ferreira, I; Ford, N; Jemal, M; Liao, WC; Swanson, B; Uderman, H; Vesterqvist, O, 2003)	0.8

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The objective of this study was to determine the absolute oral bioavailability and disposition of omapatrilat."	( Oral bioavailability and disposition of [14C]omapatrilat in healthy subjects. Behr, D; Cohen, MB; Iyer, RA; Kaul, S; Knupp, CA; Liao, WC; Malhotra, BK; Mitroka, JG; Soucek, KM, 2001)	0.79
" Endothelial function [basal nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and stimulated NO release] was examined in carotid arteries using organ bath pharmacology and in mesenteric resistance arteries using wire myography."	( Comparison of the effects of omapatrilat and irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide on endothelial function and cardiac hypertrophy in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat: sex differences. Beattie, E; Dominiczak, AF; Graham, D; Hamilton, C; Spiers, A, 2004)	0.61
" MO-nanoparticles can be an interesting system to increase the oral bioavailability of drugs."	( Evaluation of the enhanced oral effect of omapatrilat-monolein nanoparticles prepared by the emulsification-diffusion method. Ganem-Quintanar, A; Martínez, AL; Navarrete-Rodríguez, M; Quintanar-Guerrero, D; Rodríguez-Romo, S; Tamayo-Esquivel, D, )	0.4

Dosage Studied

Omapatrilat (100 micromol/kg/day) persistently lowered systolic blood pressure (tail cuff) in spontaneously hypertensive rats during 11 days of treatment. At 24 h after dosing on day 12, mean arterial pressure (aortic catheter) was lower (P < . urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7) but not Ang II increased significantly throughout the dosing period.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" After oral administration, omapatrilat (100 micromol/kg/day) persistently lowered systolic blood pressure (tail cuff) in spontaneously hypertensive rats during 11 days of treatment; at 24 h after dosing on day 12, mean arterial pressure (aortic catheter) was lower (P < ."	( Effects of omapatrilat in low, normal, and high renin experimental hypertension. Asaad, MM; Fox, M; Panchal, BC; Robl, JA; Schaeffer, TR; Trippodo, NC, 1998)	0.98
" Plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptide and cGMP levels were stable acutely (P=NS), while brain natriuretic peptide increased after repeated dosing in severe HF (P<0."	( Beneficial renal and hemodynamic effects of omapatrilat in mild and severe heart failure. Espiner, EA; Frampton, CM; Nicholls, MG; Powell, JD; Rademaker, MT; Richards, AM; Troughton, RW; Yandle, TG, 2000)	0.57
" This study describes the plasma profile along with isolation and identification of urinary metabolites of omapatrilat from subjects dosed orally with 50 mg of [(14)C]omapatrilat."	( Metabolism of [(14)C]omapatrilat, a sulfhydryl-containing vasopeptidase inhibitor in humans. Bonacorsi, S; Iyer, RA; Kripalani, K; Malhotra, B; Mitroka, J; Rinehart, JK; Roongta, VA; Waller, SC, 2001)	0.84
"These results suggest, based on findings in otherwise healthy cirrhotic subjects, that no adjustment of standard dosing regimens is indicated for hypertensive patients with mild to moderate cirrhosis."	( Omapatrilat in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Ge, G; Jemal, M; Malhotra, B; Mangold, B; Manning, J; O'Grady, P; Vesterqvist, O, 2001)	1.75
" Additionally, by 2 hours after dosing with omapatrilat 25 and 50 mg, a trend in peak increases from baseline in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (twofold) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (nearly twofold) was observed."	( Effects of omapatrilat on hemodynamics and safety in patients with heart failure. Bilsker, M; Eng, C; Heywood, JT; Iteld, BJ; Klapholz, M; Niederman, AL; Ponce, GA; Synhorst, D; Thomas, I, 2001)	0.96
" The pharmacokinetics of omapatrilat are compatible with once-daily dosing and a duration of antihypertensive efficacy of more than 24 hours."	( Omapatrilat: a unique new agent for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Anderson, JR; Nawarskas, JJ, )	1.88
" Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was > 90% inhibited at 4 hours after dosing and remained approximately 60% to 70% inhibited at 24 hours after dosing."	( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of omapatrilat in heart failure. Cohen, M; Delaney, C; Jemal, M; Klapholz, M; Kollia, GD; Kostis, JB; Liao, WC; Manning, JA; Vesterqvist, O, 2001)	0.58
" In contrast, urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7) but not Ang II increased significantly throughout the dosing period of subjects who were given omapatrilat, whereas the smaller antihypertensive response produced by lisinopril had a smaller and transient effect on increasing urinary excretion rates of Ang-(1-7)."	( Effects of omapatrilat on the renin-angiotensin system in salt-sensitive hypertension. Brosnihan, B; Campese, VM; Chappell, MC; Ferrario, CM; Grim, CE; Liao, WC; Ruddy, MC; Smith, RD; Vesterqvist, O, 2002)	0.9

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
dipeptide	Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1995	0.0005	3.8895	10.0000	AID1515584
Neprilysin	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0083	0.0010	0.1702	2.3000	AID147231; AID147361; AID147368; AID1607322
Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0002	0.0002	0.5422	6.7000	AID1515581
Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0090	0.0015	0.0044	0.0090	AID444547
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0010	0.0001	0.5336	10.0000	AID1423283; AID1423284; AID1515583
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0038	0.0000	0.8255	7.5000	AID1423287; AID1423288; AID444546; AID444547
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0053	0.0000	1.6129	10.0000	AID37645; AID37663; AID37787
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	10.0000	0.0002	0.1837	4.7000	AID1515578
Squalene synthase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	10.0000	0.0050	0.6558	2.6000	AID1515578
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
regulation of gene expression	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
suckling behavior	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation involved in immune response	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular copper ion homeostasis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytosis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathway	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
axonogenesis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
mating behavior	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
axo-dendritic transport	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behavior	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
visual learning	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
microglia development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
axon midline choice point recognition	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron remodeling	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
forebrain development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of multicellular organism growth	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron differentiation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of JNK cascade	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
collateral sprouting in absence of injury	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse structure or activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse organization	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular process controlling balance	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic process	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assembly	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection maintenance	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migration	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
kidney development	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
placenta development	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide metabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
substance P catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
lung development	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
creatinine metabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta metabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesis	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide processing	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cytokine stimulus	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-A	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-B	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta clearance	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein processing	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
kidney development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel remodeling	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin maturation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of renal output by angiotensin	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil mediated immunity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancy	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
substance P catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regeneration	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient levels	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mononuclear cell proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to laminar fluid shear stress	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose import	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
lung alveolus development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretion	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
heart contraction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiotensin metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulus	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to dexamethasone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cell proliferation in bone marrow	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion import	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to thyroid hormone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gap junction assembly	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to aldosterone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell growth	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
kidney development	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Rho protein signal transduction	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of renal sodium excretion	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic process	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell chemotaxis	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
heparin binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
transition metal ion binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor ligand activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
PTB domain binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activator activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylserine binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
exopeptidase activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
oligopeptidase activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiolipin binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxypeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
exopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptidyl-peptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin receptor binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metallodipeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin type I receptor activity	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin type II receptor activity	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin receptor binding	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated pit	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
growth cone	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary rootlet	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle midzone	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection terminus	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm midpiece	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (46)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1676592	Binding affinity to Gallium ion assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1676591	Binding affinity to Nickel cation assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1515584	Inhibition of APP (unknown origin)
AID383259	Antihypertensive effect in anesthetized Wistar rat	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Synthesis and antihypertensive effects of new methylthiomorpholinphenol derivatives.
AID37663	In vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) isolated from rabbit lung extract using hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine (HHL) as the substrate	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 42, Issue:2	Vasopeptidase inhibitors: incorporation of geminal and spirocyclic substituted azepinones in mercaptoacyl dipeptides.
AID1515582	Displacement of Europium-labeled angiotensin-2 from human AT2 receptor expressed in CHOK1 cell membranes after 120 mins by DELFIA
AID1676589	Binding affinity to Nickel cation assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1515581	Inhibition of NEP (unknown origin) preincubated for 10 mins followed by fluorogenic substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by fluorescence assay
AID37645	In vitro inhibition of ACE (Angiotensin I converting enzyme) isolated from rabbit lung extract	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Dual metalloprotease inhibitors: mercaptoacetyl-based fused heterocyclic dipeptide mimetics as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID1676600	Binding affinity to zinc ion assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1515578	Displacement of Europium-labeled angiotensin-2 from human AT1 receptor expressed in CHOK1 cell membranes after 120 mins by DELFIA
AID147231	In vitro inhibition of neutral endopeptidase purified from rat kidney using fluorimetry assay	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Dual metalloprotease inhibitors: mercaptoacetyl-based fused heterocyclic dipeptide mimetics as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID1676602	Binding affinity to ferric ion assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1423288	Inhibition of human fully glycosylated ACE C-terminal domain expressed in CHO cells using Cbz-Phe-His-Leu as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 mins by Morrison's plot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Molecular Basis for Multiple Omapatrilat Binding Sites within the ACE C-Domain: Implications for Drug Design.
AID1607322	Inhibition of rat kidney NEP using dansyl-Gly-Phe-Arg as substrate by fluorometric assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-28, Volume: 63, Issue:10	Molecular Basis for Omapatrilat and Sampatrilat Binding to Neprilysin-Implications for Dual Inhibitor Design with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme.
AID147361	In vitro inhibitory activity against purified rat kidney neutral endopeptidase (NEP) using a fluorometric assay with dansyl-Gly-Phe-Arg as the substrate	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 42, Issue:2	Vasopeptidase inhibitors: incorporation of geminal and spirocyclic substituted azepinones in mercaptoacyl dipeptides.
AID1423284	Inhibition of human fully glycosylated ACE C-terminal domain expressed in CHO cells using Cbz-Phe-His-Leu as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Molecular Basis for Multiple Omapatrilat Binding Sites within the ACE C-Domain: Implications for Drug Design.
AID1676598	Binding affinity to cupric ion assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1676601	Binding affinity to Zinc ion assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1515586	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as reduction in mean arterial pressure administered via oral gavage in ascending cumulative doses every 60 mins measured up to 24 hrs by telemetry method
AID1676595	Binding affinity to Ferric ion assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1676596	Binding affinity to Ferric ion assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID444546	Inhibition of human somatic ACE C-terminal domain	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Phosphinic tripeptides as dual angiotensin-converting enzyme C-domain and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitors.
AID1515588	Antihypertensive activity in DOCA salt-induced CD-1 rat model of hypertension assessed as reduction in blood pressure administered via oral gavage in ascending cumulative doses every 60 mins measured up to 24 hrs by telemetry method
AID1515592	Induction of angioedema in normotensive rat assessed as increase in tracheal plasma extravasation by measuring Evans blue dye leakage into peritracheal tissue at 0.3 to 3 mg/kg, po
AID182477	% inhibition of AI pressor response at 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 0.5 micro mol/kg of compound in rat	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Dual metalloprotease inhibitors: mercaptoacetyl-based fused heterocyclic dipeptide mimetics as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID1515585	Inhibition of recombinant human ECE1
AID37787	Inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-07, Volume: 10, Issue:3	N-formyl hydroxylamine containing dipeptides: generation of a new class of vasopeptidase inhibitors.
AID147368	Inhibition of Neutral endopeptidase	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-07, Volume: 10, Issue:3	N-formyl hydroxylamine containing dipeptides: generation of a new class of vasopeptidase inhibitors.
AID177400	50% inhibition of the AI pressor response in normotensive rat after intravenous administration at a dose 0.5 umol/kg	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Dual metalloprotease inhibitors: mercaptoacetyl-based fused heterocyclic dipeptide mimetics as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID1423287	Inhibition of human fully glycosylated ACE N-terminal domain expressed in CHO cells using Cbz-Phe-His-Leu as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 mins by Morrison's plot analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Molecular Basis for Multiple Omapatrilat Binding Sites within the ACE C-Domain: Implications for Drug Design.
AID1676597	Binding affinity to cupric ion assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1676588	Binding affinity to Zinc ion assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID182342	% inhibition of AI pressor response at 30 minutes after intravenous administration of 0.5 micro mol/kg of compound in rat	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Dual metalloprotease inhibitors: mercaptoacetyl-based fused heterocyclic dipeptide mimetics as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID182339	% inhibition of AI pressor response at 120 minutes after intravenous administration of 0.5 micro mol/kg of compound in rat	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Dual metalloprotease inhibitors: mercaptoacetyl-based fused heterocyclic dipeptide mimetics as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID1676594	Binding affinity to gallium ion assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID444547	Inhibition of human somatic NEP	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1	Phosphinic tripeptides as dual angiotensin-converting enzyme C-domain and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitors.
AID1515580	In vivo inhibition of NEP in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as potentiation of ANP-induced elevation of urinary cGMP level at 3 mg/kg, iv treated for 5 mins at 15 mins post 2 doses of angiotensin-2 treatment at 15 minutes apart followed by ANP treatment meas
AID1676590	Binding affinity to Nickel cation assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID186841	Decreased Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in rat after single oral dose of 30 umol/kg	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Dual metalloprotease inhibitors: mercaptoacetyl-based fused heterocyclic dipeptide mimetics as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID1676599	Binding affinity to cupric ion assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID176497	Compound is evaluated for the dose required for 50% inhibition of AI pressor response in normotensive rats	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 42, Issue:2	Vasopeptidase inhibitors: incorporation of geminal and spirocyclic substituted azepinones in mercaptoacyl dipeptides.
AID1515583	Inhibition of recombinant human ACE using Mca-BK2 as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by fluorogenic substrate addition and measured after 20 mins by fluorescence assay
AID1676593	Binding affinity to Gallium ion assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID182341	% inhibition of AI pressor response at 2 minutes after intravenous administration of 0.5 micro mol/kg of compound in rat	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Dual metalloprotease inhibitors: mercaptoacetyl-based fused heterocyclic dipeptide mimetics as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID1423283	Inhibition of human fully glycosylated ACE N-terminal domain expressed in CHO cells using Cbz-Phe-His-Leu as substrate preincubated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 10 mins by fluorescence spectrophotometric analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22	Molecular Basis for Multiple Omapatrilat Binding Sites within the ACE C-Domain: Implications for Drug Design.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	16 (7.44)	18.2507
2000's	174 (80.93)	29.6817
2010's	20 (9.30)	24.3611
2020's	5 (2.33)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	33 (14.60%)	5.53%
Reviews	48 (21.24%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	145 (64.16%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.41	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	4.89	2	1	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.47	2	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ci 994 tacedinaline: oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells & normal stem-cells. tacedinaline : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid with one of the amino groups of 1,2-phenylenediamine. An oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells and normal stem-cells. Also used in combination therapy for selected tumors including non-smoll cell lung, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers.	2.25	1	0	acetamides; benzamides; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.02	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.	8.86	3	0	N-acyl-amino acid
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.39	1	1	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	8.39	1	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	4.09	3	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.71	3	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.02	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	3.12	5	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.25	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
milrinone [no description available]	3.39	1	1	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
entinostat [no description available]	2.25	1	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.01	1	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.25	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.25	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.25	1	0
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.02	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	3.39	1	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	5.35	7	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.58	2	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	4.9	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	3.4	7	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.06	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methyl acrylate [no description available]	2.4	2	0	enoate ester
potassium cyanide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
thiazoles [no description available]	2.01	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.02	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	2.25	1	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	2.02	1	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	2.44	2	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.93	4	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	4.03	14	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.01	1	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.02	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
zileuton [no description available]	2.25	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	8.49	8	1	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	3.39	1	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	2	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
goralatide goralatide: from fetal calf bone marrow; exerts a high inhibitory activity on the proliferation of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells. goralatide : A tetrapeptide that is Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro in which the N-terminal amino group carries an acetyl group. It is selective inhibitor of primitive haematopoietic cell proliferation and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic properties.	4.36	2	2	oligopeptide; tetrapeptide	anti-inflammatory agent; pro-angiogenic agent
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	4.65	3	2	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
zofenopril zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.	2.25	1	0	aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thioester	anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug; vasodilator agent
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	3.51	2	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
bradykinin, des-arg(9)- bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	2.01	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.03	1	0
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	2.72	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	3.41	1	1	organic molecular entity
cgs 25462 CGS 25462: a neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.71	3	0
ml-3000 [no description available]	2.25	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	2.01	1	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	12.8	12	3	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.71	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
bradykinin [no description available]	7.69	20	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.39	1	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	3.86	3	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.02	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.39	1	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
apstatin apstatin: inhibits aminopeptidase P; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0
mln 4760 2-(1-carboxy-2-(3-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid: MLN-4760 is the (S,S)-isomer; an ACE2 inhibitor; structure in first source. MLN-4760 : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; L-histidine derivative; L-leucine derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.03	1	0
thiorphan [no description available]	2.25	1	0
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	3.11	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	9.05	19	5	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	3.11	5	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
candoxatril candoxatril : The 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester of the active enantiomer of candoxatrilat. Candoxatril is an orally active prodrug of candoxatrilat, a potent neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin) inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic heart failure.	5.14	8	0
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.02	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	9.23	18	6	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.95	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.	2	1	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
uk 81,252 sampatrilat: structure in first source	5.07	5	0
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	2.03	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
belinostat [no description available]	2.25	1	0	hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
panobinostat Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.	2.25	1	0	cinnamamides; hydroxamic acid; methylindole; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
fosinopril [no description available]	1.99	1	0
sacubitril [no description available]	3.86	2	0	biphenyls
cgs 35066 CGS 35066: an endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	4.73	3	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.03	1	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	11.64	38	12	polypeptide
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	3.1	1	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	11.91	8	3
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	8.49	24	1
fosinopril Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.	6.01	10	3
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	2.02	1	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	8.97	18	3	polypeptide
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.93	4	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	3.13	5	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	4.51	7	0
angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).	3.41	1	1
nephrin nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)	2.02	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	6.66	9	2	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	3.8	2	1	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
cenderitide cenderitide: a heart drug from venom of African green mamba	3.18	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	13.45	58	12
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	13.45	68	9
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	13.45	58	12
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	13.45	68	9
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	3.51	2	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	4	2	0
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4	2	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	3.51	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.73	10	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	7.45	2	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	6.58	8	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	3.03	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	3.64	3	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.94	4	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.32	19	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.11	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.94	4	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	9.44	3	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	5.89	5	1
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	9.18	15	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.04	1	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	9.18	15	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.04	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	3.98	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	3.98	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	5.43	14	1
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	4.44	8	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	8.52	8	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	3.52	8	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.07	1	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	4.44	8	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	4.72	11	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	4.72	11	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	6.38	8	2
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	10.23	4	3
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	3.39	1	1
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	5.23	4	3
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	6.38	8	2
Chronic Illness [description not available]	6.75	6	4
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	6.75	6	4
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	3.81	2	1
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	8.81	2	1
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	2.01	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	3.33	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.42	2	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	3.11	5	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	4.09	3	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	5	3	1
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	2.93	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.89	12	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	2.01	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.89	12	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	7.42	2	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.42	2	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	7.71	3	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	7.71	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.42	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.71	3	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.01	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	2.02	1	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.93	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.02	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	5.42	5	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.43	2	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	5.42	5	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	6.49	6	1
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.02	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.42	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	2.02	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.62	3	0
Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.	2.03	1	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.42	2	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	2.04	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	2.4	2	0
Indigestion [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Hives [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.92	1	0
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	2.92	1	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	2.92	1	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	2.92	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.92	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	3.33	2	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	3.33	2	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.39	1	1
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.92	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	2.92	1	0

omapatrilat

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (47)

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Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (7)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (170)

Molecular Functions (37)

Ceullar Components (54)

Bioassays (46)

Research

Studies (215)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 42.18

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omapatrilat

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (47)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (7)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (170)

Molecular Functions (37)

Ceullar Components (54)

Bioassays (46)

Research

Studies (215)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 42.18

Study Types

Related Drugs (103)

Related Conditions (111)