meglitinide profile

Meglitinides are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents that act as rapid-acting insulin secretagogues. They are used to treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas. Meglitinides are structurally similar to sulfonylureas but have a shorter duration of action, making them less likely to cause hypoglycemia. They are typically taken before meals to help control blood sugar levels after eating. Meglitinides are generally well-tolerated, but common side effects include hypoglycemia, weight gain, and gastrointestinal disturbances. The mechanism of action of meglitinides involves binding to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) on the beta cells of the pancreas. This binding leads to depolarization of the cell membrane, opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, and subsequent release of insulin. Meglitinides have been studied extensively for their potential in treating type 2 diabetes, and they are often used in combination with other antidiabetic medications. They are also being investigated for their potential in treating other conditions such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Research into meglitinides continues to focus on improving their safety and efficacy and exploring their potential in other disease areas.'

meglitinide: structure given in first source & in Negwer, 5th ed, #6436 [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	41214
CHEMBL ID	149930
SCHEMBL ID	37926
MeSH ID	M0096461

Synonym
meglitinido [inn-spanish]
meglitinidum [inn-latin]
benzoic acid, 4-(2-((5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl)amino)ethyl)-
p-(2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl)benzoic acid
4-(2-(5-chlor-2-methoxy-benzamido)-aethyl)benzoasaeure [german]
4-(2-((5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl)amino)ethyl)benzoic acid
hb 699
brn 2817215
meglitinide [inn]
meglitinide
CHEMBL149930
4-[2-[(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl)amino]ethyl]benzoic acid
54870-28-9
meglitinidum
meglitinido
unii-8v6ok1i088
8v6ok1i088 ,
4-(2-(5-chlor-2-methoxy-benzamido)-aethyl)benzoasaeure
SCHEMBL37926
MLS006011933
smr004703520
DTXSID40203356
SR-01000945131-1
SR-01000945131-2
sr-01000945131
Z224216672
AKOS033822030
Q27271068
4-{2-[(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)formamido]ethyl}benzoic acid
EN300-1187992

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Meglitinides are a group of oral hypoglycemic medications currently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). "	( Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Meglitinides. Fernandez, CJ; Philip, J, 2021)	2.34
"Meglitinide analogues are a class of oral hypoglycaemic agents that increase insulin secretion, in particular, during the early phase of insulin release."	( Meglitinide analogues for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Black, C; Donnelly, P; McIntyre, L; Royle, PL; Shepherd, JP; Thomas, S, 2007)	2.5

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Treatment with meglitinides reconstructed postprandial ghrelin secretion patterns to those of controls without diabetes. "	( Effect of meglitinides on postprandial ghrelin secretion pattern in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Möhlig, M; Otto, B; Pfeiffer, AF; Pivovarova, O; Rudovich, N; Spranger, J; Weickert, MO, 2010)	1.12

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between hypoglycemia and antibiotics using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), while accounting for concomitant glucose-lowering medications including sulfonylureas and meglitinides."	( Hypoglycemia Associated with Antibiotics Alone and in Combination with Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides: An Epidemiologic Surveillance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Frei, CR; Kennedy, KE; Patek, TM; Teng, C, 2020)	0.96

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In this article, we review the pharmacokinetic DDIs concerning oral antidiabetics, including metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinide analogs, thiazolidinediones and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and the underlying mechanistic basis that can help to predict and prevent DDIs."	( Drug interactions with oral antidiabetic agents: pharmacokinetic mechanisms and clinical implications. Backman, JT; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, M; Tornio, A, 2012)	0.59
" The complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic properties and the unfavourable short and long term risk profile of glibenclamide and glimepiride raise the question whether their use can be justified any longer."	( CYP2C metabolism of oral antidiabetic drugs--impact on pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and pharmacogenetic aspects. Beil, W; Holstein, A; Kovacs, P, 2012)	0.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Patients with T2DM are usually treated with multiple drugs, and are therefore at an increased risk of harmful drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."	( Drug interactions with oral antidiabetic agents: pharmacokinetic mechanisms and clinical implications. Backman, JT; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, M; Tornio, A, 2012)	0.38

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the traditional method of initiating therapy with a sulfonylurea and increasing the dosage until maximum levels are reached before adding an insulin-sensitizing agent has persisted and should be re-evaluated."	( A comparison of agents used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus: need for reappraisal of traditional approaches. Bell, DS, 2004)	0.32
" Achieving and maintaining tight glycemic control is key to preventing development or progression of CKD; however, improving glycemic control may be limited by effects of renal impairment on the efficacy and safety of T2DM treatments, necessitating dosing adjustments and careful evaluation of contraindications."	( Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus across stages of renal impairment: information for primary care providers. Adler, S; Tong, L, 2018)	0.48

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID194743	Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 4 hour after administration orally at 10 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26	Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID706675	Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 63.01 umol/kg, po after 24 hrs relative to control	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 55, Issue:17	Synthesis and biological investigations of nitric oxide releasing nateglinide and meglitinide type II antidiabetic prodrugs: in-vivo antihyperglycemic activities and blood pressure lowering studies.
AID194741	Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 4 hour after administration orally at 1 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26	Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID194171	Effect of the compound (50 mg/kg, po) on rat blood sugar level which was given an oral glucose load (1 g/kg) 1 hr after the administration of compound	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 27, Issue:1	Receptor binding sites of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas and related [(acylamino)alkyl]benzoic acids.
AID176587	Half-maximal effective dose was measured on rat blood glucose after administrating at 4 hr	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26	Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID706694	Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 63.01 umol/kg, po after 6 hrs relative to control	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 55, Issue:17	Synthesis and biological investigations of nitric oxide releasing nateglinide and meglitinide type II antidiabetic prodrugs: in-vivo antihyperglycemic activities and blood pressure lowering studies.
AID706696	Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 63.01 umol/kg, po after 1 hr relative to control	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 55, Issue:17	Synthesis and biological investigations of nitric oxide releasing nateglinide and meglitinide type II antidiabetic prodrugs: in-vivo antihyperglycemic activities and blood pressure lowering studies.
AID706695	Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 63.01 umol/kg, po after 3 hrs relative to control	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 55, Issue:17	Synthesis and biological investigations of nitric oxide releasing nateglinide and meglitinide type II antidiabetic prodrugs: in-vivo antihyperglycemic activities and blood pressure lowering studies.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	17 (15.04)	18.7374
1990's	24 (21.24)	18.2507
2000's	42 (37.17)	29.6817
2010's	22 (19.47)	24.3611
2020's	8 (7.08)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	3 (2.54%)	5.53%
Reviews	50 (42.37%)	6.00%
Case Studies	5 (4.24%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.85%)	0.25%
Other	59 (50.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Incretin-based Drugs and the Risk of Heart Failure: A Multi-center Network Observational Study [NCT02456428]		1,499,650 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-03-31	Completed
The Use of Incretin-based Drugs and the Risk of Acute Pancreatitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02476760]		1,417,914 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-03-31	Completed
The Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Functional Changes of Uncontrolled Diabetes by the Intervention of Dapagliflozin Treatment Trial (ELUCIDATE) [NCT03871621]	Phase 4	76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-01	Completed
A National, Multicenter, Prospective, Interventional, Open-label, Single-arm, 24-Week Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Initiation and Titration of Insulin Glargine U300 in Insulin-naïve Patients With T2DM Inadequately Controlled [NCT02954692]	Phase 4	112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
A Phase 3, Open Label, Randomized, Parallel, 26 Week Treatment Study Comparing LY2605541 With Insulin Glargine as Basal Insulin Treatment in Combination With Oral Anti Hyperglycemia Medications in Asian Insulin Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01894568]	Phase 3	388 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Dapagliflozin Effect in Cognitive Impairment in Stroke Trial [NCT05565976]	Phase 2/Phase 3	270 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-01	Recruiting
The Use of Incretin-based Drugs and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT02475499]		886,172 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-03-31	Completed
Efficacy in Controlling Glycaemia With Victoza® (Liraglutide) as add-on to Metformin vs. OADs as add-on to Metformin After up to 104 Weeks of Treatment in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy and Treated in a Pr [NCT02730377]	Phase 4	1,991 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-28	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 12 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks in Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) Scores
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Body Weight
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Insulin Dose Per Kilogram (kg) of Body Weight
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Intra-Participant Variability of the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Percent Hemoglobin A1c at Week 26
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Achieving Steady-State of Basal Insulin Dose at 26 Weeks (Time to Steady State for Basal Insulin [Stable Maximum Dose])
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Detectable Anti-Insulin Peglispro Antibodies at Week 26
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With HbA1c ≤6.5%
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	30-Day Adjusted Rate of Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	9-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline of European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions - 3 Levels (EuroQoL-5D-3L ) Index Score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Health State Score at Week 26
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Concentration of Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) at Week 26
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Score
NCT01894568 (18) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events (HE)
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Number of AEs Leading to Permanent Discontinuation of Trial Product
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes (ADA)
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Number of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Number of Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Time to Inadequate Glycaemic Control
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Time to Premature Treatment Discontinuation (for Any Reason Including Inadequate Glycaemic Control)
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Biochemistry- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT), Amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT), Lipase
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Biochemistry- Creatinine, Total Bilirubin
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Biochemistry- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Serum
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure)
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Body Weight
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Haemoglobin
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in HbA1c
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Lipids: HDL Cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Potassium
NCT02730377 (19) [back to overview]	Change in Pulse

Change From Baseline to 12 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a test that measures a participant's average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months.LS means were calculated using a MMRM with baseline HbA1C measurement, stratification factors (country, HbA1c, LDL-C [< 100 mg/dL and ≥ 100 mg/dL], and SU/meglitinide use), treatment, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects. (NCT01894568)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Intervention	percent of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean)
Insulin Peglispro	-1.43
Insulin Glargine	-1.22

Intervention	Number of events per participant per 30d (Mean)
	Total HE	Nocturnal HE
Insulin Glargine	1.21	0.27
Insulin Peglispro	1.28	0.19

Intervention	mg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
	Morning Pre-meal Wk0	Morning Pre-meal Wk26	Morning Post-meal Wk0	Morning Post-meal Wk26	Mid-day Pre-meal Wk0	Mid-day Pre-meal Wk26	Mid-day Post-meal Wk0	Mid-day Post-meal Wk26	Evening Pre-meal Wk0	Evening Pre-meal Wk26	Evening Post-meal Wk0	Evening Post-meal Wk26	Bed Time Wk0	Bed Time Wk26	0300 Hours (Hrs) Wk0	0300 Hrs Wk26	Pre-morning Meal Next Day Wk0	Pre-morning Meal Next Day Wk26
Insulin Glargine	162.83	108.71	233.37	176.93	166.68	122.85	226.11	183.88	172.83	135.55	219.54	182.80	197.68	161.44	162.13	114.77	159.96	105.18
Insulin Peglispro	160.19	108.24	237.19	176.97	169.24	122.01	224.22	182.32	176.49	131.65	219.45	176.23	198.64	153.41	158.82	115.18	156.28	108.42

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Change from Baseline to Endpoint EQ-5D-3L Score	Change from Baseline VAS Health State Score
Insulin Glargine	0.00	3.66
Insulin Peglispro	0.01	2.29

Intervention	mg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
	Cholesterol Wk26	HDL Wk26	Triglycerides Wk26	LDL Wk26
Insulin Glargine	177.90	52.99	122.83	101.07
Insulin Peglispro	175.76	51.64	132.43	97.95

Intervention	mg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
	Week 0	Week 26
Insulin Glargine	161.19	108.22
Insulin Peglispro	159.53	108.39

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	ITSQ Wk4	ITSQ Wk26
Insulin Glargine	75.94	78.29
Insulin Peglispro	74.13	78.73

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Nocturnal Hypoglycemia BG 70mg/dL	Total Hypoglycemia BG 70mg/dL
Insulin Glargine	29.6	76.5
Insulin Peglispro	26.6	77.1

Intervention	Units per liter (U/L) (Mean)
	ALAT: Week 104	ALAT: Premature treatment discontinuation	Amylase: Week 104	Amylase: Premature treatment discontinuation	ASAT: Week 104	ASAT: Premature treatment discontinuation	Lipase: Week 104	Lipase: Premature treatment discontinuation
Liraglutide 1.8 mg	-4.6	-3.2	8.9	0.6	-2.0	-1.9	15.1	10.4
Oral Antidiabetic Drug	-5.4	-3.3	5.1	2.1	-2.3	-0.4	-0.5	-2.2

Intervention	Micromoles per liter (umol/L) (Mean)
	Creatinine: week 104	Creatinine: premature treatment discontinuation	TB: week 104	TB: premature treatment discontinuation
Liraglutide 1.8 mg	3.3	2.9	0.4	-0.0
Oral Antidiabetic Drug	1.0	2.6	0.7	-0.6

Intervention	mL/min/SSA (Mean)
	Change at week 104	Change at premature treatment discontinuation
Liraglutide 1.8 mg	-5.1	-3.0
Oral Antidiabetic Drug	-1.6	-1.7

Intervention	Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
	SBP: Change at week 104	SBP: Change at premature treatment discontinuation	DBP: Change at week 104	DBP: Change at premature treatment discontinuation
Liraglutide 1.8 mg	-2.4	-2.8	-1.3	-1.0
Oral Antidiabetic Drug	-1.1	-2.9	-0.6	0.2

Intervention	Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
	HDL: Change at week 104	HDL: Change at premature treatment discontinuation	LDL: Change at week 104	LDL: Change at premature treatment discontinuation	TC: Change at week 104	TC: Change at premature treatment discontinuation	TG: Change at week 104	TG: Change at premature treatment discontinuation
Liraglutide 1.8 mg	0.1	-0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.0	-0.3	-0.0
Oral Antidiabetic Drug	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.0

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.	2.02	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	9.02	16	1	amino-acid anion
choline [no description available]	1.98	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	1.98	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
taurine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	3.07	5	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	1.98	1	0
gemfibrozil [no description available]	3.17	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	7.39	2	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	5.06	5	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	7.41	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	6.57	27	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	15.69	21	2	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	3.43	1	1	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
2,4-thiazolidinedione thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.	5.67	6	0	thiazolidenedione
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	10.03	13	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	1.98	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	8.04	21	0	guanidines
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.07	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	3.5	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	1.98	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	1.99	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	7.44	13	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	1.96	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thiazoles [no description available]	6.1	7	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.1	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	3.43	1	1	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.18	1	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
repaglinide [no description available]	14.08	17	1	piperidines
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.1	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
monomethyl succinate monomethyl succinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. monomethyl succinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups has been converted to its methyl ester.	1.98	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate
rosiglitazone [no description available]	3.12	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	1.98	1	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	3.08	5	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
miglitol [no description available]	3.43	1	1	piperidines
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.98	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	12.59	15	0	phenylalanine derivative
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.38	2	0	alkali metal atom
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2.1	1	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	1.98	1	0	benzoxazole
eosine i bluish Eosine I Bluish: A red fluorescein dye used as a histologic stain. It may be cytotoxic, mutagenic, and inhibit certain mitochondrial functions.	1.98	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorescent dye; histological dye
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	3.99	4	0	peptide hormone
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	4.67	3	0
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	3.18	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	3.44	1	1
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	9.02	16	1
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	4.05	2	0
insulin glargine Insulin Glargine: A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.	3.43	1	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	10.77	9	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	5.53	8	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	10.53	8	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	12.96	49	3
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	12.96	49	3
Pemphigoid [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Pemphigoid, Bullous A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.	2.31	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	8.23	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.23	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.23	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	5.14	5	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.31	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	4.45	3	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	3.09	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	3.09	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.7	3	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.7	3	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	4.9	4	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	3.85	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	3.84	2	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	4.43	3	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	3.84	2	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	6.46	5	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	6.46	5	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.43	3	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	3.82	2	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	4.89	4	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	3.82	2	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.98	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.08	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.08	1	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.08	1	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	2.92	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	2.93	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.93	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.93	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	4.89	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	4.89	4	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.94	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.94	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	3.87	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	3.87	1	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	3.87	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	3.87	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	2.96	1	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.96	1	0

meglitinide

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (30)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (8)

Research

Studies (113)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 75.88

Study Types

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline to 12 Weeks in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Change From Baseline to 26 Weeks in Adult Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) Scores

Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Body Weight

Change From Baseline to Week 26 in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Insulin Dose Per Kilogram (kg) of Body Weight

Intra-Participant Variability of the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

Percent Hemoglobin A1c at Week 26

Percentage of Participants Achieving Steady-State of Basal Insulin Dose at 26 Weeks (Time to Steady State for Basal Insulin [Stable Maximum Dose])

Percentage of Participants With Detectable Anti-Insulin Peglispro Antibodies at Week 26

Percentage of Participants With HbA1c ≤6.5%

30-Day Adjusted Rate of Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events

9-Point Self-Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG)

Change From Baseline of European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions - 3 Levels (EuroQoL-5D-3L ) Index Score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Health State Score at Week 26

Concentration of Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) at Week 26

Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)

Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) Score

Percentage of Participants With Total and Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events (HE)

Number of AEs Leading to Permanent Discontinuation of Trial Product

Number of Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes (ADA)

Number of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Number of Severe or BG Confirmed Symptomatic Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Time to Inadequate Glycaemic Control

Time to Premature Treatment Discontinuation (for Any Reason Including Inadequate Glycaemic Control)

Change in Biochemistry- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT), Amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT), Lipase

Change in Biochemistry- Creatinine, Total Bilirubin

Change in Biochemistry- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Serum

Change in Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure)

Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Change in Body Weight

Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Change in Haemoglobin

Change in HbA1c

Change in Lipids: HDL Cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides

Change in Potassium

Change in Pulse

Related Drugs (50)

Related Conditions (58)