plitidepsin profile

plitidepsin: a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Aplidium albicans; has a pyruvoyl-proline residue instead of the lactyl-proline residue found in the linear peptide moiety of didemnin B [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

plitidepsin : A didemnin that is didemin B in which the hydroxy group of the 1-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-L-prolinamide moiety has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. It was originally isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	9812534
CHEMBL ID	451930
CHEBI ID	90205
SCHEMBL ID	13413427
MeSH ID	M0259926

Synonym
dehydrodidemnin b
137219-37-5
aplidine
plitidepsin
aplidin
chebi:90205 ,
CHEMBL451930
2-9-didemnin b, 2-(1-(1,2-dioxopropyl)-l-proline)-
plitidepsin [inn:ban]
didemnin a, n-(1-(1,2-dioxopropyl)-l-prolyl)-
unii-y76id234hw
l-tyrosine, 1-(1,2-dioxopropyl)-l-prolyl-n-methyl-d-leucyl-l-threonyl-(3s,4r,5s)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylheptanoyl-(2s,4s)-4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-oxohexanoyl-l-leucyl-l-prolyl-n,o-dimethyl-, (8-3)-lactone
y76id234hw ,
DB04977
SCHEMBL13413427
Y-100032
plitidepsium
plitidepsine
1-(2-oxopropanoyl)-l-prolyl-n-[(3s,6r,7s,10r,11s,15s,17s,20s,25as)-10-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,6,17-trimethyl-20-(2-methylpropyl)-1,4,8,13,16,18,21-heptaoxo-15-(propan-2-yl)docosahydro-15h-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,15,4,7,10,20]dioxatetra
plitidepsina
plitidepsin [mi]
plitidepsin [who-dd]
3,6-anhydro(n-((2s,4s)-4-((3s,4r,5s)-3-hydroxy-4-((n-(2-oxopropanoyl)-l-prolyl-n-methyl-d-leucyl-l-threonyl)amino)-5-methylheptanoyloxy)-2,5-dimethyl-3-oxohexanoyl)-l-leucyl-l-prolyl-n,o-dimethyl-l-tyrosine)
plitidepsin [inn]
aplidine [mi]
plitidepsin [mart.]
AKOS030230703
Q4779975
plitidepsin (inn)
D11032
(2s)-n-[(2r)-1-[[(3s,6s,8s,12s,13r,16s,17r,20s,23s)-13-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-20-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,17,21-trimethyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,7,10,15,19,22-heptaoxo-8-propan-2-yl-9,18-dioxa-1,4,14,21-tetrazabicyclo[21.3.0]hexacosan-16-yl]amino
EX-A7405
AT23636
(2s)-n-[(2r)-1-[[(3s,6s,8s,12s,13r,16s,17r,20s,23s)-13-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-20-[(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-6,17,21-trimethyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,7,10,15,19,22-heptaoxo-8-propan-2-yl-9,18-dioxa-1,4,14,21-tetrazabicyclo[21.3.0]hexacosan-16-yl]amin
gtpl11396
(s)-n-((r)-1-(((3s,6r,7s,10r,11s,15s,17s,20s,25as)-10-((s)-sec-butyl)-11-hydroxy-20-isobutyl-15-isopropyl-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,6,17-trimethyl-1,4,8,13,16,18,21-heptaoxodocosahydro-15h-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,15]dioxa[4,7,10,20]tetraazacyclotricosin-7-yl)amino)-
CS-0006129
HY-16050
ziy ,

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Plitidepsin is a popular molecule and can be used in treatment of myeloma."	( Hunting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 by plitidepsin: Molecular docking and temperature-dependent molecular dynamics simulations. Jain, P; Kumari, K; Singh, MB; Singh, P; Vishvakarma, VK, 2022)	1.71
"Plitidepsin is an antitumor agent of marine origin that has also shown a potent pre-clinical efficacy against SARS-CoV-2."	( Unraveling the antiviral activity of plitidepsin against SARS-CoV-2 by subcellular and morphological analysis. Avilés, P; Clotet, B; Cuevas, C; Fernández de Castro, I; Izquierdo-Useros, N; Losada, A; Muñoz-Basagoiti, J; Paredes, R; Perez-Zsolt, D; Raïch-Regué, D; Risco, C; Rodon, J; Sachse, M; Segalés, J; Tenorio, R; Vergara-Alert, J, 2022)	1.72
"Plitidepsin is an anti-cancer drug currently evaluated in phase I/II/III clinical trials. "	( Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay to quantify plitidepsin in human plasma, whole blood and urine. Avilés, P; Beijnen, JH; Fudio, S; Gebretensae, A; Rosing, H; Schellens, JHM; Tibben, MM; van Andel, L, 2017)	2.14
"Plitidepsin is a marine-derived anticancer compound isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Applidium albicans. "	( Plitidepsin: a potential new treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Egle, A; Greil, R; Leisch, M, 2019)	3.4
"Plitidepsin is an antitumor drug of marine origin currently in Phase III clinical trials in multiple myeloma. "	( c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation is a biomarker of plitidepsin activity. Álvarez, E; Avilés, P; Galmarini, CM; Guillén-Navarro, MJ; Muñoz, A; Muñoz-Alonso, MJ; Pollán, M, 2013)	2.08
"Plitidepsin is an antineoplasic currently in clinical evaluation in a phase III trial in multiple myeloma (ADMYRE). "	( Nano-encapsulation of plitidepsin: in vivo pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and efficacy in a renal xenograft tumor model. Aviles, P; Calvo, P; Garanger, E; Guillen, MJ; Ibarboure, E; Lecommandoux, S; Oliveira, H; Thevenot, J, 2014)	2.16
"Plitidepsin (Aplidin®) is a marine-derived anticancer compound currently investigated in phase III clinical trials. "	( Pharmacokinetics and excretion of Beijnen, JH; de Vries Schultink, AHM; de Vries, N; Fudio, S; González, I; Miguel-Lillo, B; Munt, S; Rosing, H; Schellens, JHM; Tibben, MM; van Andel, L, 2017)	1.9
"Plitidepsin is a cyclic depsipeptide that was first isolated from a Mediterranean marine tunicate ("	( Plitidepsin: design, development, and potential place in therapy. Alonso-Álvarez, S; Caballero, MD; Martín, A; Mateos, MV; Navarro, M; Pardal, E; Sánchez-Nieto, D, 2017)	3.34
"Plitidepsin (Aplidin) is a novel antitumor agent, derived from the mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans, and is currently in phase ii clinical trials with evidence of activity in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma and neuroblastoma patients. "	( Heparin and suramin alter plitidepsin uptake via inhibition of GPCR coupled signaling. Aracil, M; Banerjee, D; Bertino, JR; Gao, H; Jimeno, J; Kamen, B; Longo-Sorbello, GS; Mishra, PJ; Paz de Paz, MF; Soto, A, 2009)	2.1
"Plitidepsin is a cyclic depsipeptide of marine origin in clinical development in cancer patients. "	( Plitidepsin has a safe cardiac profile: a comprehensive analysis. Alfaro, V; Coronado, C; Corrado, CS; Extremera, S; Kahatt, C; Lardelli, P; Miguel-Lillo, B; Roy, E; Soto-Matos, A; Szyldergemajn, S, 2011)	3.25
"Plitidepsin (aplidin) is a marine cyclic depsipeptide in phase II clinical development against several neoplasias. "	( Plitidepsin cellular binding and Rac1/JNK pathway activation depend on membrane cholesterol content. Alonso, MA; Aranda, JF; Dávalos, A; González-Santiago, L; Lasunción, MA; Muñoz, A; Rojas, JM; Suárez, Y; Zarich, N, 2006)	3.22

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Plitidepsin has shown efficacy in animal models and phase I/II human trials."	( Plitidepsin: a Repurposed Drug for the Treatment of COVID-19. Martinez, MA, 2021)	2.79

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Treatment with plitidepsin was well-tolerated without any further hematological or cardiovascular toxicities. "	( Plitidepsin as a successful rescue treatment for prolonged viral SARS-CoV-2 replication in a patient with previous anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody-mediated B cell depletion and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Aguareles-Gorines, J; Barrena-Puertas, R; Carnevali-Ruiz, D; Carralón-González, MM; de Viedma, RG; Fernández-Sousa, JM; García-Coca, M; Guisado-Vasco, P; Jimeno, JM; López-Martín, JA; Luepke-Estefan, XE; Luque-Pinilla, JM; Martí-Ballesteros, EM; Sánchez-Manzano, MD; Sotres-Fernandez, G, 2022)	2.52
"When treated with plitidepsin, no viral structures were found in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells."	( Unraveling the antiviral activity of plitidepsin against SARS-CoV-2 by subcellular and morphological analysis. Avilés, P; Clotet, B; Cuevas, C; Fernández de Castro, I; Izquierdo-Useros, N; Losada, A; Muñoz-Basagoiti, J; Paredes, R; Perez-Zsolt, D; Raïch-Regué, D; Risco, C; Rodon, J; Sachse, M; Segalés, J; Tenorio, R; Vergara-Alert, J, 2022)	1.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" As it was observed in different cancer cell lines, ET-743 was more toxic on an equimolar basis in human hematopoietic progenitors (inhibitory concentration reducing the viability to 50% after 24 h exposures; IC50(24h): 10-50 nM) compared with doxorubicin (IC50(24h) values: 280-460 nM), used as a control anticancer drug."	( In vitro toxicity of ET-743 and aplidine, two marine-derived antineoplastics, on human bone marrow haematopoietic progenitors. comparison with the clinical results. Albella, B; Bueren, JA; Faircloth, G; Guzmán, C; Jimeno, J; López-Lázaro, L, 2002)	0.31
"Long-term competitive repopulating assays were performed in mice to analyze toxic effects on the hematopoietic stem cells responsible for the multipotential long-term repopulation of hematopoiesis."	( In vitro toxicity of three new antitumoral drugs (trabectedin, aplidin, and kahalalide F) on hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells. Albella, B; Bueren, JA; Faircloth, GT; Gómez, SG; Jimeno, J, 2003)	0.32
" Kahalalide F did not show any toxic effect in either short-term or long-term repopulating cells up to 10 microM."	( In vitro toxicity of three new antitumoral drugs (trabectedin, aplidin, and kahalalide F) on hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells. Albella, B; Bueren, JA; Faircloth, GT; Gómez, SG; Jimeno, J, 2003)	0.32
" Clinical databases were searched for cardiac adverse events (CAEs) that occurred in clinical trials with the single-agent plitidepsin."	( Plitidepsin has a safe cardiac profile: a comprehensive analysis. Alfaro, V; Coronado, C; Corrado, CS; Extremera, S; Kahatt, C; Lardelli, P; Miguel-Lillo, B; Roy, E; Soto-Matos, A; Szyldergemajn, S, 2011)	2.02

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"To establish the safety, pharmacokinetic parameters, maximum-tolerated dose, and recommended dose of aplidine, a novel marine cyclodepsipeptide, in patients with advanced cancer."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of aplidine, a new marine cyclodepsipeptide in patients with advanced malignancies. Ady-Vago, N; Armand, JP; Chièze, S; Delbaldo, C; Faivre, S; Guzman, C; Jimeno, J; Lopez-Lazaro, L; Lozahic, S; Martin, JA; Pico, F; Raymond, E, 2005)	0.33
"Using a modified Fibonacci method, we performed a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of aplidine administered as a 24-hour intravenous infusion every 2 weeks."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of aplidine, a new marine cyclodepsipeptide in patients with advanced malignancies. Ady-Vago, N; Armand, JP; Chièze, S; Delbaldo, C; Faivre, S; Guzman, C; Jimeno, J; Lopez-Lazaro, L; Lozahic, S; Martin, JA; Pico, F; Raymond, E, 2005)	0.33
"Consecutive cohorts of patients with metastatic solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were to be treated at escalating doses of plitidepsin in a conventional phase I study including pharmacokinetic analyses of plitidepsin in plasma, whole blood, and blood cell pellets."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of plitidepsin as a 1-hour weekly intravenous infusion in patients with advanced solid tumors. Bowman, A; García, M; Germá, JR; Gómez, J; Izquierdo, MA; Jimeno, J; Jodrell, D; López-Martin, JA; Martinez, M; Pardo, B; Smyth, JF, 2008)	0.81
" Pharmacokinetic results for the RD indicated a long plasma half-life give value (16."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of plitidepsin as a 1-hour weekly intravenous infusion in patients with advanced solid tumors. Bowman, A; García, M; Germá, JR; Gómez, J; Izquierdo, MA; Jimeno, J; Jodrell, D; López-Martin, JA; Martinez, M; Pardo, B; Smyth, JF, 2008)	0.6
" An open three-compartment pharmacokinetic model and a nonlinear binding to red blood cells model were used to describe the plitidepsin pharmacokinetics in plasma and blood, respectively, using NONMEM V software."	( Population pharmacokinetics meta-analysis of plitidepsin (Aplidin) in cancer subjects. Miguel-Lillo, B; Nalda-Molina, R; Perez-Ruixo, JJ; Ramon-Lopez, A; Soto-Matos, A; Valenzuela, B, 2009)	0.82
" Within the range of covariates studied, age, sex, body size variables, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, creatinine clearance, albumin, total protein, performance status, co-administration of inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 and presence of liver metastases were not statistically related to plitidepsin pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetics meta-analysis of plitidepsin (Aplidin) in cancer subjects. Miguel-Lillo, B; Nalda-Molina, R; Perez-Ruixo, JJ; Ramon-Lopez, A; Soto-Matos, A; Valenzuela, B, 2009)	0.78
" Additional 15 patients were recruited at the RD to further evaluate safety and pharmacokinetic associations with respect to age, dose level and toxicity."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of plitidepsin in children with advanced solid tumours: an Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer (ITCC) study. Aerts, I; Corradini, N; Doz, F; Estlin, EJ; Geoerger, B; Gibson, B; Kearns, P; Lardelli, P; Miguel, BD; Prados, R; Soto, A; Vassal, G, 2012)	0.65
" Pharmacokinetic parameters in children and adolescents are comparable to adults."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of plitidepsin in children with advanced solid tumours: an Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer (ITCC) study. Aerts, I; Corradini, N; Doz, F; Estlin, EJ; Geoerger, B; Gibson, B; Kearns, P; Lardelli, P; Miguel, BD; Prados, R; Soto, A; Vassal, G, 2012)	0.65
" Considering pharmacokinetics, PEG-b-PBLG formulation showed lower plasma clearance, associated with higher AUC and Cmax than Cremophor® or PTMC-b-PGA formulations."	( Nano-encapsulation of plitidepsin: in vivo pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and efficacy in a renal xenograft tumor model. Aviles, P; Calvo, P; Garanger, E; Guillen, MJ; Ibarboure, E; Lecommandoux, S; Oliveira, H; Thevenot, J, 2014)	0.72
" We also found that pharmacokinetic parameters such as maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC) and plasma half-life were significantly improved for Plitidepsin loaded in PUUa NP."	( Improved pharmacokinetic profile of lipophilic anti-cancer drugs using ανβ3-targeted polyurethane-polyurea nanoparticles. Abasolo, I; Albericio, F; Avilés, P; Calvo, P; Fernández, Y; Foradada, L; García-Aranda, N; Guillén, MJ; Rocas, J; Rocas, P; Schwartz, S, 2018)	0.68

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the S/P arm, patients were treated orally with sorafenib continuous dosing at two dose levels (DL1: 200 mg twice daily and DL2: 400 mg twice daily) combined with plitidepsin (1."	( Phase I dose-escalation study of plitidepsin in combination with sorafenib or gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors or lymphomas. Alfaro, V; Aspeslagh, S; Bahleda, R; Extremera, S; Fudio, S; Gyan, E; Hollebecque, A; Salles, G; Soria, JC; Soto-Matos, A; Stein, M, 2017)	0.93

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Using a clonogenic assay a clear dose-response was obtained for the three cell lines used; HT-29 cell line showed the minimum survival after 3 hours of dehydrodidemnin B treatment."	( Effect of dehydrodidemnin B on human colon carcinoma cell lines. Alonso, FJ; García-Pozo, SG; Lobo, C; Núñez de Castro, I, )	0.13
" The compound is pharmaceutically formulated as a lyophilized product containing 500 microg active substance per dosage unit."	( Compatibility and stability of aplidine, a novel marine-derived depsipeptide antitumor agent, in infusion devices, and its hemolytic and precipitation potential upon i.v. administration. Beijnen, JH; Bouma, M; Bult, A; Henrar, RE; Manada, C; Nuijen, B, 1999)	0.3
" The aim of this study was to develop a stable parenteral pharmaceutical dosage form for clinical Phase I testing."	( Pharmaceutical development of a parenteral lyophilized formulation of the novel antitumor agent aplidine. Beijnen, JH; Bouma, M; Bult, A; Floriano, P; Heck, AJ; Henrar, RE; Jimeno, JM; Kettenes-van den Bosch, JJ; Nuijen, B; Talsma, H, )	0.13
" Because our aim was to study the effects of plitidepsin at clinically relevant concentrations, subsequent experiments were done with a dosage regimen reflecting plasma concentrations observed in previously reported clinical trials: 100 nmol/L for 4 hours, followed by 10 nmol/L for 20 hours (4(100)/20(10) plitidepsin)."	( Plitidepsin has a cytostatic effect in human undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma. Alvarez, CV; Barreiro, F; Bravo, SB; Cameselle-Teijeiro, J; Dosil, V; García-Rendueles, ME; López-Lázaro, L; Pombo, CM; Seoane, R; Zalvide, J, 2005)	2.03
" In the S/P arm, patients were treated orally with sorafenib continuous dosing at two dose levels (DL1: 200 mg twice daily and DL2: 400 mg twice daily) combined with plitidepsin (1."	( Phase I dose-escalation study of plitidepsin in combination with sorafenib or gemcitabine in patients with refractory solid tumors or lymphomas. Alfaro, V; Aspeslagh, S; Bahleda, R; Extremera, S; Fudio, S; Gyan, E; Hollebecque, A; Salles, G; Soria, JC; Soto-Matos, A; Stein, M, 2017)	0.93

Role	Description
marine metabolite	Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms.
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
anticoronaviral agent	Any antiviral agent which inhibits the activity of coronaviruses.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
didemnin	Any cyclic depsipeptide isolated from various species of the Trididemnu genus of sea squirts, their semi-synthetic derivatives and synthetic analogues.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	6 (4.88)	18.2507
2000's	61 (49.59)	29.6817
2010's	36 (29.27)	24.3611
2020's	20 (16.26)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	23 (17.83%)	5.53%
Reviews	18 (13.95%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (1.55%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.78%)	0.25%
Other	85 (65.89%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	aryl phosphate
carnitine [no description available]	9.66	3	2	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.01	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	3.53	1	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
putrescine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
spermidine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
camostat camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.	2.41	1	0	benzoate ester; carboxylic ester; diester; guanidines; tertiary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifibrinolytic drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; serine protease inhibitor
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	1.99	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.03	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.03	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	7.05	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	5.03	2	1	phthalimides; piperidones
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	3.19	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.76	2	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.76	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine [no description available]	8.86	2	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytarabine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.03	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.01	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.41	2	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.01	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
deoxycytidine [no description available]	3.85	2	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	3.14	1	0
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	3.17	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
methyl tert-butyl ether methyl tert-butyl ether: used to dissolve gallstones; gasoline additive. methyl tert-butyl ether : An ether having methyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components.	2.15	1	0	ether	fuel additive; metabolite; non-polar solvent
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	8.85	2	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.03	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
fascaplysine fascaplysine: from tropic sea sponges	3.18	1	0
cremophor el cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A	2	1	0
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	2.31	1	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	6.39	11	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
aaptamine aaptamine: natural product from sea sponge Aaptos aaptos; structure given in first source; RN from CA Index Guide 1984	3.18	1	0
lestaurtinib [no description available]	3.18	1	0	indolocarbazole
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
patellamide a patellamide A: a cytotoxic cyclic peptide from ascidian Lissoclinum patella; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	cyclic peptide
enzastaurin [no description available]	3.18	1	0	indoles; maleimides
sorafenib [no description available]	8.53	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide [no description available]	5.03	2	1	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
bortezomib [no description available]	3.94	2	1	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.41	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
carboplatin [no description available]	8.45	1	1
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.01	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
fludarabine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	purine nucleoside
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.31	1	0
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
ra vii RA VII: structure given in first source	3.17	1	0
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.03	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.14	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
cryptophycin 1 [no description available]	3.21	1	0
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	3.18	1	0	ammonium ion derivative
variolin b variolin B: from Antartic sponge, Kirkpatrickia variolosa; structure in first source	3.18	1	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	3.18	1	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
elisidepsin elisidepsin: antineoplastic; structure in first source. elisidepsin : A synthetic cyclodepsipeptide derived from a marine metabolite that exhibits antineoplastic properties.	3.21	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(o-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal: inhibits chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome	3.14	1	0
halichondrin b halichondrin B: from marine sponge Halichondria okadai; binds in the Vinca domain of tubulin	2.03	1	0	furopyran
tamandarin b tamandarin B: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
tamandarin a [no description available]	2.02	1	0
er-086526 eribulin: a halichondrin B derivative that suppresses microtubule growth and acts as an antimitotic agent; structure in first source. eribulin : A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage	2.49	2	0	cyclic ketal; cyclic ketone; macrocycle; polycyclic ether; polyether; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
liphagal liphagal: selective inhibitor of PI3 kinase alpha isolated from the sponge akacoralliphaga; structure in first source. liphagal : A meroterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Aka coralliphaga and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase.	3.18	1	0	aldehyde; cyclic ether; meroterpenoid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
ra v RA V: structure given in first source	3.17	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.01	1	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	3.17	1	0
sphingosine kinase [no description available]	3.18	1	0
gallinamide a gallinamide A: antimalarial peptide from marine cyanobacteria	2.31	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.03	1	0
kahalalide f kahalalide F: a cyclodepsipeptide toxin; isolated from a mollusk, Elysia rubefescens; exhibits antitumoral activity against cell lines of colon cancer and prostatic cancer; structure given in first source	5.68	6	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.02	1	0
ly 355703 cryptophycin 52: an antimitotic antitumor agent; structure in first source	3.21	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.03	1	0
daptomycin [no description available]	3.17	1	0
s 8932 [no description available]	2.76	2	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	3.55	2	0
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	8.47	1	1	dacarbazine
astin c astin C: from root of Aster tataricus; structure given in first source	3.17	1	0
molnupiravir molnupiravir: prodrug that’s metabolized into N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a ribonucleoside analog. molnupiravir : A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.	8.86	2	0	isopropyl ester; ketoxime; nucleoside analogue	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	2.49	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)	0	2.31	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	7.31	10	1
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	0	2.55	2	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	4.72	1	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	10.52	25	8
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	1	12.52	25	8
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	7.14	10	2
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	1	9.14	10	2
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	5.56	3	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	2.94	4	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	9.69	3	2
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	4.69	3	2
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	4.92	4	2
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	4.92	4	2
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	7.71	6	4
Lymphoma, T Cell, Peripheral [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.	0	3.01	1	0
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.	0	3.03	1	0
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available]	0	3.87	2	1
Erythremia [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	0	8.5	1	1
Thrombocythemia, Essential A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.	0	3.5	1	1
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.	1	10.87	2	1
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available]	0	4.41	1	1
Metastase [description not available]	0	6.45	4	4
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	1	6.41	1	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	6.45	4	4
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	2.11	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	8.91	2	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	2.11	1	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	3.91	2	1
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	4.43	2	2
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	4.43	2	2
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	3.51	1	1
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	4.45	2	2
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	1	6.45	2	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	4.4	2	2
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	4.4	2	2
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	5.04	3	3
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	4.4	2	2
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	4.4	2	2
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	4.4	2	2
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	4.4	2	2
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	5.04	3	3
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	4.4	2	2
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	0	3.43	1	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	4.9	4	2
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	4.9	4	2
Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	0	3.44	1	1
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	0	3.44	1	1
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	0	3.44	1	1
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	3.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	0	3.43	1	1
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	2.05	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	5.33	2	2
Lassitude [description not available]	0	3.44	1	1
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	4.4	2	2
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	0	3.44	1	1
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	3.45	1	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	3.45	1	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	3.81	2	1
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	3.45	1	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	3.45	1	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	3.81	2	1
African Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	0	7.07	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	2.46	2	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	4.39	1	1
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	0	4.39	1	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	2.93	4	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	0	2.01	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	3.84	4	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	2.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	7.71	3	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	2.02	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	2.02	1	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	3.35	2	0
ATLL [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	3.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	1.99	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	2	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	2	1	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	0	2.41	2	0

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID357842	In vivo antitumor activity against human melanoma cells xenografted in mouse at 160 ug/kg//injection relative to control
AID357836	In vivo antitumor activity against human leukemia cells xenografted in mouse at 160 ug/kg/injection relative to control
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

plitidepsin

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