Compounds > iridium radioisotopes
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iridium radioisotopes

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Description

Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID66373
MeSH IDM0011710

Synonyms (22)

Synonym
iriditope (tn)
D04613
iridium ir 192 (usan)
14694-69-0
iridium-192
192-ir
iriditope
iridium, isotope of mass 192
iridium ir 192
ir-192
iridium ir 192 [usan]
064li0ibfl ,
unii-064li0ibfl
iridium radioisotopes
iridium, radioactive
hsdb 7396
D007496000 ,
iridium ir 192 [hsdb]
iridium ir-192
(~192~ir)iridium
DTXSID60932979
Q18883042

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" No device or procedure-related adverse events occurred."( Patient positioning based on a radioactive tracer implanted in patients with localized prostate cancer: a performance and safety evaluation.
Budiharto, T; Corn, BW; Davits, RJ; de Kruijf, WJ; Haustermans, K; Hol, S; Neustadter, D; Oyen, R; Poortmans, PM; Van den Bergh, L; Venselaar, JL; Verstraete, J; Wijsman, BP, 2013)		0.39
"To evaluate early urinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) after two or one fraction of high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in advanced prostate cancer."( High-dose-rate brachytherapy alone given as two or one fraction to patients for locally advanced prostate cancer: acute toxicity.
Alonzi, R; Bryant, L; Hoskin, P; Hughes, R; Lowe, G; Ostler, P; Rojas, A, 2014)		0.4
"ISBT is a safe treatment for gynecologic malignancies."( Computed tomography-planned interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced gynecologic cancer: Outcomes and dosimetric predictors of urinary toxicity.
Amsbaugh, A; Amsbaugh, MJ; Bhatt, N; El-Ghamry, MN; Gaskins, J; Hunter, T; Metzinger, D; Parker, L; Sowards, K, )		0.13

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"5 h for the recovery half-life of sublethal damage repair."( Dose and volume effects on fibrosis after breast conservation therapy.
Bartelink, H; Borger, JH; Hart, A; Kemperman, H; Lebesque, J; Smitt, HS; van Dongen, J, 1994)		0.29

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"From 1985 through 1987, 44 tumors in 39 patients with recurrent cancer were treated with interstitial microwave hyperthermia (HT) combined with interstitial 192Ir radiotherapy (RT)."( Interstitial microwave hyperthermia combined with iridium-192 radiotherapy for recurrent tumors.
Astrahan, M; Cohen, D; Jepson, J; Lam, K; Langholz, B; Luxton, G; Petrovich, Z, 1989)		0.28
"A phase I clinical trial assessing the feasibility and safety of hyperthermia in combination with 192Ir brachytherapy (60 Gy) for the treatment of malignant glioma now includes 14 patients."( Iridium-192 brachytherapy in combination with interstitial microwave-induced hyperthermia for malignant glioma.
Coughlin, CT; Douple, EB; Lyons, BE; Roberts, DW; Ryan, TP; Strohbehn, JW, 1987)		0.27
"The clinical effect of high-dose-rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy combined with tumor resection was investigated in this retrospective study on patients with recurrent oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma."( [Salvage therapy of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth cavity and oropharynx. Results of interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with ablative tumor surgery].
Friedrich, RE; Krüll, A; Plambeck, K; Schmelzle, R; Schwarz, R; Thurmann, H, 1997)		0.3
"To report our experience in the use of interstitial iridium-192 implantation combined with external radiotherapy in anal cancer."( Interstitial iridium-192 implantation combined with external radiotherapy in anal cancer: ten years experience.
McNee, SG; Paul, J; Reed, NS; Robertson, AG; Sandhu, AP; Symonds, RP, 1998)		0.3
"Development of afterloading techniques in combination with external radiotherapy allows for curative therapy modality for stage C prostate cancer."( High-dose rate iridium192 afterloading therapy in combination with external beam irradiation for localized prostate cancer.
Budach, V; Deger, S; Dinges, S; Hinkelbein, W; Loening, SA; Roigas, J; Schnorr, D; Turk, I, 1997)		0.3
" Combined with external beam irradiation, it is a safe and efficient treatment technique leading to high local control rates and limited functional impairment."( Low-dose-rate intraoperative brachytherapy combined with external beam irradiation in the conservative treatment of soft tissue sarcoma.
Bonnevialle, P; Bui, BN; Chevreau, C; Daly-Schveitzer, N; Delannes, M; Kantor, G; Martel, P; Pigneux, J; Stoeckle, E; Thomas, L, 2000)		0.31
" We report a case of subglottic carcinoma in a 66-year-old man, who was effectively treated with IR combined with EBR."( A case of subglottic carcinoma effectively treated with intraluminal irradiation using low dose rate iridium-192 thin wires combined with external beam irradiation.
Furutani, K; Fuwa, N; Kamata, M; Kodaira, T; Matsumoto, A; Mori, H; Tachibana, H; Wakisaka, M, 2003)		0.32
"To assess the safety and efficacy of CT-guided brachytherapy alone or in combination with laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) in patients with liver malignancies."( CT-guided interstitial brachytherapy of liver malignancies alone or in combination with thermal ablation: phase I-II results of a novel technique.
Beck, A; Cho, CH; Felix, R; Hänninen, EL; Pech, M; Ricke, J; Rosner, C; Spors, B; Stohlmann, A; Werk, M; Wieners, G; Wust, P, 2004)		0.32
"CT-guided brachytherapy using three-dimensional CT data for dosimetry is safe and effective alone or in combination with LITT."( CT-guided interstitial brachytherapy of liver malignancies alone or in combination with thermal ablation: phase I-II results of a novel technique.
Beck, A; Cho, CH; Felix, R; Hänninen, EL; Pech, M; Ricke, J; Rosner, C; Spors, B; Stohlmann, A; Werk, M; Wieners, G; Wust, P, 2004)		0.32
" In this setting, we attempted treating localized prostate cancer patients with HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT)."( Acute genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: correlation between the urethral dose in HDR brachytherapy and the severity of acute genito
Akimoto, T; Harashima, K; Ito, K; Nakano, T; Nakayama, Y; Niibe, H; Noda, SE; Saitoh, J; Sakurai, H; Suzuki, K; Yamamoto, T, 2005)		0.33
"Between September 2000 and December 2003, 70 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated by iridium-192 HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT at the Gunma University Hospital."( Acute genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: correlation between the urethral dose in HDR brachytherapy and the severity of acute genito
Akimoto, T; Harashima, K; Ito, K; Nakano, T; Nakayama, Y; Niibe, H; Noda, SE; Saitoh, J; Sakurai, H; Suzuki, K; Yamamoto, T, 2005)		0.33
"It was concluded that HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT is feasible for localized prostate cancer when considered from the viewpoint of acute toxicity."( Acute genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: correlation between the urethral dose in HDR brachytherapy and the severity of acute genito
Akimoto, T; Harashima, K; Ito, K; Nakano, T; Nakayama, Y; Niibe, H; Noda, SE; Saitoh, J; Sakurai, H; Suzuki, K; Yamamoto, T, 2005)		0.33
"We have been treating localized prostate cancer with high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) at our institution."( Acute genitourinary toxicity after high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: Second analysis to determine the correlation between the urethral dose in HDR brachytherapy
Akimoto, T; Ito, K; Kashiwagi, B; Katoh, H; Nakano, T; Noda, SE; Yamamoto, T, 2005)		0.33
"Among the patients with localized prostate cancer who were treated by 192-iridium HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT at Gunma University Hospital between August 2000 and November 2004, we analyzed 67 patients who were treated by HDR brachytherapy with the fractionation schema of 9 Gy x two times combined with hypofractionated EBRT."( Acute genitourinary toxicity after high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: Second analysis to determine the correlation between the urethral dose in HDR brachytherapy
Akimoto, T; Ito, K; Kashiwagi, B; Katoh, H; Nakano, T; Noda, SE; Yamamoto, T, 2005)		0.33
"It was concluded that HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT is feasible for localized prostate cancer, when considered from the viewpoint of acute toxicity."( Acute genitourinary toxicity after high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: Second analysis to determine the correlation between the urethral dose in HDR brachytherapy
Akimoto, T; Ito, K; Kashiwagi, B; Katoh, H; Nakano, T; Noda, SE; Yamamoto, T, 2005)		0.33
"Low-dose rate brachytherapy alone or in combination with external beam radiotherapy represents a well-established adjuvant treatment in soft tissue sarcomas following surgical resection."( Perioperative hyperfractionated high-dose rate brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.
Neumanová, R; Odrazka, K; Ondrak, M; Petera, J; Prochazka, E, )		0.13
"Our study on a small number of patients suggests that perioperative hyperfractionated high-dose rate brachytherapy with doses 8 x 3 Gy in combination with external beam radiotherapy 40-50 Gy is a promising method to achieve high biological doses in the postoperative radiotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas without severe late morbidity and warrants further research."( Perioperative hyperfractionated high-dose rate brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.
Neumanová, R; Odrazka, K; Ondrak, M; Petera, J; Prochazka, E, )		0.13
"A total of 114 patients who received HDR brachytherapy (9 Gy in two fractions) combined with hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) were analyzed."( Anatomy-based inverse optimization in high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: comparison of incidence of acute genitourinary toxicity between anatomy-based inverse optimization
Akimoto, T; Katoh, H; Kitamoto, Y; Nakano, T; Shioya, M; Shirai, K, 2006)		0.33
"To evaluate the incidence of Grade 2 or worse rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT), with special emphasis on the relationship between the incidence of rectal bleeding and the rectal dose from HDR brachytherapy."( Rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: impact of rectal dose in high-dose-rate brachytherapy on occurrence of grade 2 or worse rectal bleeding.
Akimoto, T; Harada, K; Katoh, H; Kitamoto, Y; Nakano, T; Shirai, K; Tamaki, T, 2006)		0.33
"The records of 100 patients who were treated by HDR brachytherapy combined with EBRT for > or =12 months were analyzed."( Rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: impact of rectal dose in high-dose-rate brachytherapy on occurrence of grade 2 or worse rectal bleeding.
Akimoto, T; Harada, K; Katoh, H; Kitamoto, Y; Nakano, T; Shirai, K; Tamaki, T, 2006)		0.33
"High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hormonal therapy (HTx), without the addition of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for high-risk prostate cancer was evaluated retrospectively."( High-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with long-term hormonal therapy for high-risk prostate cancer: results of a retrospective analysis.
Inoue, T; Isohashi, F; Kato, M; Kawaguchi, Y; Konishi, K; Nakamura, S; Oh, RJ; Shiomi, H; Sumida, I; Suzuki, O; Tanaka, E; Yoshioka, Y, 2006)		0.33
"Between May 1995 and April 2002, 35 patients with prostate cancer [Stage > or = T2b (UICC 1997) or tumor grading=3 or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level > or = 20 ng/mL] were treated with HDR brachytherapy combined with HTx."( High-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with long-term hormonal therapy for high-risk prostate cancer: results of a retrospective analysis.
Inoue, T; Isohashi, F; Kato, M; Kawaguchi, Y; Konishi, K; Nakamura, S; Oh, RJ; Shiomi, H; Sumida, I; Suzuki, O; Tanaka, E; Yoshioka, Y, 2006)		0.33
"To evaluate the severity of genitourinary (GU) toxicity in high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer and to explore factors that might affect the severity of GU toxicity."( Genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with Hypofractionated External beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: an analysis to determine the correlation between dose-volume histogram parameters in HDR brachytherapy
Baba, S; Hayakawa, K; Ishiyama, H; Kitano, M; Kotani, S; Matsumoto, K; Okusa, H; Satoh, T; Tabata, K; Uemae, M, 2009)		0.35
"A total of 100 Japanese men with prostate cancer underwent (192)Ir HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT."( Genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with Hypofractionated External beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: an analysis to determine the correlation between dose-volume histogram parameters in HDR brachytherapy
Baba, S; Hayakawa, K; Ishiyama, H; Kitano, M; Kotani, S; Matsumoto, K; Okusa, H; Satoh, T; Tabata, K; Uemae, M, 2009)		0.35
"The severity of GU toxicity in HDR brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated EBRT for prostate cancer was relatively high."( Genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with Hypofractionated External beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: an analysis to determine the correlation between dose-volume histogram parameters in HDR brachytherapy
Baba, S; Hayakawa, K; Ishiyama, H; Kitano, M; Kotani, S; Matsumoto, K; Okusa, H; Satoh, T; Tabata, K; Uemae, M, 2009)		0.35
"To determine the predictive risk factors for Grade 2 or worse rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer using dose-volume histogram analysis."( Rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: the relationship between dose-volume histogram parameters and the occurrence rate.
Akimoto, T; Ebara, T; Ishikawa, H; Ito, K; Kato, H; Miyakubo, M; Nakano, T; Okamoto, M; Suzuki, K; Takahashi, T; Tamaki, T; Yamamoto, T, 2012)		0.38
"The records of 216 patients treated with HDR-BT combined with EBRT were analyzed."( Rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: the relationship between dose-volume histogram parameters and the occurrence rate.
Akimoto, T; Ebara, T; Ishikawa, H; Ito, K; Kato, H; Miyakubo, M; Nakano, T; Okamoto, M; Suzuki, K; Takahashi, T; Tamaki, T; Yamamoto, T, 2012)		0.38
"The radiation dose delivered to small rectal lesions as 5% is important for predicting Grade 2 or worse rectal bleeding after HDR-BT combined with EBRT for prostate cancer."( Rectal bleeding after high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: the relationship between dose-volume histogram parameters and the occurrence rate.
Akimoto, T; Ebara, T; Ishikawa, H; Ito, K; Kato, H; Miyakubo, M; Nakano, T; Okamoto, M; Suzuki, K; Takahashi, T; Tamaki, T; Yamamoto, T, 2012)		0.38
"To compare the efficacy, side effects and influence of two chemotherapy regimens, paclitaxel liposome combined with platinum and paclitaxel combined with platinum, on the survival rate in patients with cervical carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy."( [A randomized controlled trial of two chemotherapy regimens (paclitaxel liposome combined with platinum and paclitaxel combined with platinum) in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical carcinoma].
Jiang, W; Li, L; Liu, Y; Wu, YY; Zeng, SY; Zhong, ML, 2011)		0.37
"To investigate the early efficacy of nedaplatin combined with megestrol in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced cervical cancer."( [Analysis of the initial efficacy of nedaplatin combined with megestrol in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced cervical cancer].
Ke, QH; Liu, Z; Su, XY; Yang, JY; Zhang, WT; Zhou, SQ, 2011)		0.37
" The total dose distribution of BT combined with EBRT was showed in compute tomography images."( Methodology of dose calculation for external beam radiation combined with high dose rate brachytherapy in the era of 3-dimensional treatment planning system.
Fu, Z; Jiang, C; Jiang, Y; Liu, T; Qin, W; Shi, K; Sun, Q; Wang, F; Wu, P; Ye, Z, 2020)		0.56

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" To evaluate the volumetric heating potential of this hyperthermia method, specific absorption rate (SAR) values were measured at 182 planar points in muscle phantom."( Interstitial microwave-induced hyperthermia and iridium brachytherapy for the treatment of obstructing biliary carcinomas.
Coughlin, CT; Crichlow, RW; Jeffery, R; Jones, EL; Ryan, TP; Spiegel, PK; Wong, TZ, )		0.13

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Optimization of brachytherapy means first of all a physical adaptation of isodoses to shape and tolerances of radiosensitive tissues surrounding the target volume, and also to shape and dosage requirements of the tumor to be treated."( Optimized afterloading therapy of cervix carcinoma with the discontinuous movement of the iridium source.
Busch, M; Dühmke, E, 1990)		0.28
" The dosage is made according to the Paris system."( [3-D reconstruction of the breast implants from isocentric stereoscopic x-ray images for the application monitoring and irradiation planning of a remote-controlled interstitial afterloading method].
Löffler, E; Sauer, O, 1988)		0.27
" A dose-response relationship was demonstrated, and delay of treatment for 48 hours appeared to augment the inhibitory effect."( Endovascular low-dose irradiation inhibits neointima formation after coronary artery balloon injury in swine. A possible role for radiation therapy in restenosis prevention.
Cipolla, GD; Crocker, IR; Gravanis, MB; King, SB; Robinson, KA; Waksman, R, 1995)		0.29
" However, there is little standardization of dose-specification, fractionation and optimal dosage using this isotope, and homogeneous, objective analyses of the clinical results of treatment using iridium-192 is lacking."( The role of brachytherapy in the treatment and control of central bronchial carcinoma.
Freitag, L; Macha, HN, 1996)		0.29
" This study sought to delineate the dose-response characteristics of this effect."( Intracoronary irradiation: dose response for the prevention of restenosis in swine.
Amols, H; Ennis, RD; Marboe, C; Schwartz, A; Weinberger, J; Wiedermann, JG, 1996)		0.29
" This study compares actual dosage measurements with computed approximations."( [Dosimetry methods in determining radiation dosage of the rectum in HDR-brachytherapy of cervix carcinoma].
Eich, HT; Haverkamp, U; Micke, O; Pötter, R; Prott, FJ, 1998)		0.3
"In 75 applications the measured actual rectum dosage was analyzed retrospectively."( [Dosimetry methods in determining radiation dosage of the rectum in HDR-brachytherapy of cervix carcinoma].
Eich, HT; Haverkamp, U; Micke, O; Pötter, R; Prott, FJ, 1998)		0.3
" As these deviations cannot always be explained unequivocally, both computation and measurement should always be conducted in order to obtain an adequate survey of dosage distribution within the rectum."( [Dosimetry methods in determining radiation dosage of the rectum in HDR-brachytherapy of cervix carcinoma].
Eich, HT; Haverkamp, U; Micke, O; Pötter, R; Prott, FJ, 1998)		0.3
"Twenty-eight selected patients with different stages of invasive bladder cancer were treated with preoperative external beam radiotherapy in a dosage depending on the tumor stage."( Brachytherapy with iridium-192 for bladder cancer.
Baert, L; Lievens, Y; Van Limbergen, E; Van Poppel, H, 2000)		0.31
" In this study, we undertook to externally place a brachytherapy catheter source and to determine if a dose-response effect could be observed, as has been demonstrated with endovascular locations."( Comparability of the external vs internal location of radiation in inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia.
Green, R; Hernady, E; Illig, K; Okunieff, P; Pomerantz, R; Rubin, P; Schell, M; Soni, A; Williams, JP, )		0.13
" From the irradiation of 20 animals a dose-response curve has been established."( Techniques for precision irradiation of the lateral half of the rat cervical spinal cord using 150 MeV protons [corrected].
Bijl, HP; Coppes, RP; Konings, AW; Pikkemaat, JA; Schippers, JM; van der Kogel, AJ; van Luijk, P, 2001)		0.31
" Five animals were scheduled for intraluminal irradiation with iridium 192 immediately after TIPS creation with a dosage of 18 Gy."( Covered stents in transjugular portosystemic shunt: healing response to non-porous ePTFE covered stent grafts with and without intraluminal irradiation.
Deutschmann, J; Hausegger, KA; Macri, NP; Portugaller, H; Schedlbauer, P; Stranzl, H; Stücklschweiger, G; Tauss, J, 2003)		0.32
"The probability of rectal complications showed better correlation of dose-response with increasing total ICRU (International Committee on Radiotherapy Units and Measurements) rectal dose."( Comparative study of reference points by dosimetric analyses for late complications after uniform external radiotherapy and high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer.
Chen, SW; Liang, JA; Lin, FJ; Shiau, AC; Yang, SN; Yeh, LS, 2004)		0.32
"This study demonstrated the predictive value of ICRU rectal and bladder reference dosing in HDRICB for patients receiving uniform external beam radiation therapy without central shielding."( Comparative study of reference points by dosimetric analyses for late complications after uniform external radiotherapy and high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer.
Chen, SW; Liang, JA; Lin, FJ; Shiau, AC; Yang, SN; Yeh, LS, 2004)		0.32
" However, radiation of the RCA did not result in dosing to the LAD or LCX using any source."( Dose mapping of porcine coronary arteries using an optical fiber dosimeter.
Chan, R; Dilcher, C; Falkenstein, P; Huston, AL; Justus, BL; Waksman, R, )		0.13
" Then except rats in the normal group, the others received 192Ir interstitial irradiation with the dosage of 22 Gy using back-fixing technology."( [Effect of jingui shenqi pill on morphology of injured spinal cell apoptosis in rats caused by brachytherapy].
Shen, JW; Wu, CL; Xiao, LW, 2006)		0.33
" Dose-response data were analyzed with a probit analysis as function of the dose level at a percentage of the volume (D(%)) and with different normal tissue complication probability models."( Dose-volume effects in rat thoracolumbar spinal cord: the effects of nonuniform dose distribution.
Philippens, ME; Pop, LA; van der Kogel, AJ; Visser, AG, 2007)		0.34
" No migration terms were needed for an acceptable fit of the dose-response curves."( Dose-volume effects in rat thoracolumbar spinal cord: the effects of nonuniform dose distribution.
Philippens, ME; Pop, LA; van der Kogel, AJ; Visser, AG, 2007)		0.34
"This prospective trial using P-EBRT with HDR boost and hypofractionated dose escalation demonstrates a strong dose-response relationship for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients."( Dose escalation improves cancer-related events at 10 years for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with hypofractionated high-dose-rate boost and external beam radiotherapy.
Ghilezan, M; Gonzalez, J; Gustafson, G; Kernen, K; Kestin, L; Krauss, D; Martinez, AA; Shetty, S; Vicini, F; Ye, H, 2011)		0.37
" Results showed that there was a relative sub dosage by treatment planning systems calculations in neighbouring tissues around the radioactive source due to inhomogeneity ignorance."( Monte Carlo estimation of dose difference in lung from 192Ir brachytherapy due to tissue inhomogeneity.
Dimitriadis, A; Gialousis, G; Yakoumakis, E, 2011)		0.37
"The magnitude of the spread in specific energy deposition per cell may be a confounding factor in dose-response analysis motivating derivation of explicit data for the most common brachytherapy isotopes (125)I and (192)Ir, and for (60)Co radiation frequently used as reference in RBE studies."( Microdosimetric spread for cell-sized targets exposed to ⁶⁰Co, ¹⁹²Ir and ¹²⁵I sources.
Ahnesjö, A; Tilly, N; Villegas, F, 2015)		0.42
" One was irradiated with an 18 MeV electron field to examine the dose-response linearity and obtain a calibration curve."( On the use of a novel Ferrous Xylenol-orange gelatin dosimeter for HDR brachytherapy commissioning and quality assurance testing.
Hourdakis, CJ; Karaiskos, P; Papagiannis, P; Pappas, EP; Peppa, V, 2018)		0.48
" Dose-response was characterized for standard and Gd-infused PAGAT polymer gel dosimeters by means of optical transmission/absorbance."( Feasibility of dose enhancement assessment: Preliminary results by means of Gd-infused polymer gel dosimeter and Monte Carlo study.
Chacón, D; Figueroa, RG; Guillen, Y; Santibáñez, M; Valente, M, 2018)		0.48
"This dosimetric analysis demonstrates a dose-response relationship in patients treated with single fraction 19 Gy."( Pattern of relapse and dosimetric analysis of a single dose 19 Gy HDR-brachytherapy phase II trial.
Buchser, D; Cacicedo, J; Casquero, F; Espinosa, J; Gomez-Iturriaga, A; Gonzalez, A; Martinez-Indart, L; Mayrata, E; Minguez, P; Perez, F; San Miguel, I; Suarez, F, 2020)		0.56
" The dose-response curve of the gel was created using 6-MV X-ray, which is independent of the source beams."( End-to-end delivery quality assurance of computed tomography-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy using a gel dosimeter.
Akimoto, T; Maeyama, T; Mizukami, S; Tachibana, H; Terazaki, T; Uehara, R; Watanabe, Y, )		0.13
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (1,445)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990141 (9.76)18.7374
1990's499 (34.53)18.2507
2000's481 (33.29)29.6817
2010's261 (18.06)24.3611
2020's63 (4.36)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 7.36

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index7.36 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.49 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.84 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (7.36)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials158 (9.74%)5.53%
Reviews85 (5.24%)6.00%
Case Studies82 (5.05%)4.05%
Observational2 (0.12%)0.25%
Other1,296 (79.85%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		2.0510monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.4120monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.7230diatomic iodinenutrient
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		2.110metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		3.821benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		2.0710pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		1.9710ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		10.78205nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		2.0510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
ioversol
[no description available]		2.0610amidobenzoic acid
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		5.83110furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		1.9710imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		210benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		2.3720aziridines
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		5.9742monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		6.8362mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		2.392011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		3.1450alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.0410amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.2510alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
acrylamide
[no description available]		210acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
methylmethacrylate
Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.		2.420enoate ester;
methyl ester		allergen;
polymerisation monomer
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		210pyrrolidin-2-ones
n-butyl acrylate
butyl acrylate : An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.		2.0610acrylate ester
ninhydrin
Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate		colour indicator;
human metabolite
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		1.9710
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		2.0510
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		2.0510
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.451117alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
iridium
Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.		5.24170cobalt group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		2.0210chromium group element atommicronutrient
osmium
Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.		2.6730iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		9.15292metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		3.5180elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		3.5320manganese group element atom
samarium
Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		1.9810f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.730manganese group element atom
thulium
Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.		2.4420f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		3.1950titanium group element atom
tungsten
Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.		3.4470chromium group element atommicronutrient
americium
Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.		3.2560actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		210monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		1.9810cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		2.1510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		3.0440f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		5.16101copper group element atom;
elemental gold
ytterbium
Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.		5.77270f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
californium
Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.		2.3920actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		2.940iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
thallium chloride
thallium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.0110inorganic chloride;
thallium molecular entity
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.110titanium oxidesfood colouring
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		1.99106-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
fluorides
[no description available]		3.2560halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.0610ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		5.8342taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.4420beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		2.0310aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		5.1831methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ranimustine
ranimustine: RN given refers to (alpha)-(D)-isomer; structure		3.3811organic molecular entity
xylenol orange
xylenol orange: carboxylate anion which exhibits characteristic visible spectrum when attached to a metal		2.1710
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		2.1110iditolfungal metabolite
cadmium telluride
cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device		2.1310
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		2.1710cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
yttrium radioisotopes
Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.		8.2133
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		210glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
dihydrorhodamine 123
dihydrorhodamine 123: uncharged & nonfluorescent derivative of the laser dye rhodamine 123; flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes		2.2510
1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine
[no description available]		2.0710
1,3-indandione
1,2-indanedione: use for detection of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces; structure in first source		2.0510
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.0510methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
3-tyr-octreotide
3-Tyr-octreotide: cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin; potent somatostatin agonist; RN given refers to (R-(R*,R*))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/90		2.0710
methotrexate
[no description available]		4.0531dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
delrin
delrin: linear polyoxymethylene type acetal resin made by polymerization of formaldehyde; RN refers to multi-polymer		1.9910
lithium fluoride
lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P		3.2560
carboplatin
[no description available]		5.3872
inositol 3-phosphate
inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer		2.0310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.1110homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		2.420actinomycinmutagen
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		1.99102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
tamoxifen
[no description available]		3.7730stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		2.3820alkali metal atom
nitinol
nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys		210
bilirubin
[no description available]		1.9710biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
baicalein
[no description available]		2.2510trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		3.6190carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		1.9810carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		2.3110alkali metal atom
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		2.0610alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		2.6930boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		2.7630metal atom;
pnictogen
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		2.0110boron group element atom
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		2.0110boron group element atom
beryllium
Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.		2.2110alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope
thallium-201
thallium-201 : The radioactive isotope of thallium with relative atomic mass 200.9708 and half-life of 72.912 hours.		2.2110thallium
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.7330monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
strontium radioisotopes
Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.		5.51210
caesium-137
[no description available]		4.7570caesium atom
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		2.1310chalcogen;
metalloid atom
radium
Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.		7.53142alkaline earth metal atom
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		2.4720gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		1.9910phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: a neuroprotective agent; structure given in first source		2.0610
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		2.420
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		2.420
lithium borate
lithium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li2-B4O7; structure		2.0110borate salts
jaw
[no description available]		3.3711indolecarboxamide
mannans
[no description available]		2.0410
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		1.9910hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		2.0710
gadoxetic acid disodium
gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA: DTPA covalently linked to the lipoohilic ethoxybenzyl moiety; a contrast agent in MR imaging of hepatobiliary system		2.4720
nedaplatin
nedaplatin: structure given in first source		3.4511
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		2.39205-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
eye
[no description available]		2.4220
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		5.19150
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		09.58445
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		010.739610
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		09.58445
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		010.739610
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		09.46531
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		015.0510116
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		09.46531
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid
[description not available]		03.9221
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		06.27192
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		015.8918127
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		06.27192
Carcinoma, Endometrioid
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.		03.9221
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		06.78141
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		010.77586
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		06.78141
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		010.77586
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		016.6412632
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		016.6412632
Bleeding
[description not available]		04.1860
Infection
[description not available]		02.2510
Ache
[description not available]		04.0931
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		04.1860
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		02.2510
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		04.0931
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		06.1871
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		08.17174
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		06.1871
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		08.17174
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		015.5912218
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		015.5912218
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		014.5515617
Cancer of Lip
[description not available]		05.77130
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		014.5515617
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		05.3210
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		05.3210
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.9640
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.26200
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		05.26200
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		07.08244
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		07.08244
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		03.580
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		05.63110
Hand Injuries
General or unspecified injuries to the hand.		02.4420
Radiodermatitis
A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.		05.63110
Cancer of the Vagina
[description not available]		05.78210
Vaginal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.		05.78210
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		02.4520
Recrudescence
[description not available]		012.265216
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		013.439323
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		013.439323
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		04.62100
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		03.3620
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4320
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		04.62100
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		06.16121
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		05.95251
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		05.95251
Cancer of Digestive System
[description not available]		02.2510
Neoplasm Seeding
The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.		02.4520
Digestive System Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.		02.2510
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		05.23190
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		05.23190
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		04.5511
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		05.6432
Spider Veins
[description not available]		04.8621
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		05.6432
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		04.8621
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.7630
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.7630
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		05.4782
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		05.64110
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		08.1172
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		011.25423
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		011.25423
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		08.1172
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented
[description not available]		04.88130
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		010.31412
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)		04.88130
Anal Cancer
[description not available]		07.77222
Anus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.		07.77222
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		06101
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		06.24131
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		06.24131
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		07.12462
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		05.8142
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		03.0110
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		06.3104
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.8621
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.8621
Merkel Cell Cancer
[description not available]		02.110
Eyelid Neoplasms
Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.		03.2860
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell
A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)		02.110
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		06.37153
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		06.37153
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.1660
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.110
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		02.110
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.110
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		03.0950
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		03.0950
Intestinal Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.1110
Anterior Urethral Stricture
[description not available]		02.4220
Urethral Stricture
Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.		02.4220
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.1110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.7130
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		07.0971
Pallor
A clinical manifestation consisting of an unnatural paleness of the skin.		03.0310
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		07.0971
Vaginal Diseases
Pathological processes of the VAGINA.		03.3820
Impotence
[description not available]		04.131
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		04.131
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		03.511
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.150
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.150
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		05.7273
Male Genitourinary Diseases
[description not available]		02.0410
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		07.58121
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		06.74320
Cancer of the Tongue
[description not available]		09.68495
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		06.74320
Tongue Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.		09.68495
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		08.56251
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		08.56251
Urge Incontinence
[description not available]		02.0510
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		02.0510
Ileus
A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.		02.0510
Urinary Incontinence, Urge
Involuntary discharge of URINE that is associated with an abrupt and strong desire to void. It is usually related to the involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle of the bladder (detrusor hyperreflexia or detrusor instability).		02.0510
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.7771
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		04.0150
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)		03.3520
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		04.0150
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		06.32100
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		04.480
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		04.480
Proctitis
INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		04.551
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		08.88374
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		08.88374
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		04.0550
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		04.7971
Anorectal Diseases
[description not available]		03.1350
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		04.7971
Rectal Diseases
Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		03.1350
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of Pelvis
[description not available]		05.6771
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.4620
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.4420
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		04.3241
Neurilemoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Neurilemmoma
A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)		02.0510
Carcinoma, Bronchial
[description not available]		07.2221
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.		07.2221
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		06.4792
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		06.4792
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		06.55111
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		02.0510
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		02.6730
Breathlessness
[description not available]		02.4220
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		02.6930
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		02.4220
Hemoptysis
Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.		02.9140
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		010.06223
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		04.480
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		010.06223
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		03.3870
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		03.3870
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		04.6932
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		04.6932
Exanthem
[description not available]		03.4511
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		03.4511
Compartment Syndromes
Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes.		02.0710
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		06101
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		06101
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		03.4511
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		03.8221
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		03.4511
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		03.4511
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		03.8321
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		03.4511
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		03.8221
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		03.4511
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		04.0931
Enterocolitis
Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.		02.0810
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.0710
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		02.0710
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0810
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		02.0810
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		04.3522
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		010.173317
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		010.173317
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		03.3911
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		03.3911
Graft Occlusion, Vascular
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.		08.09138
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		03.3911
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		09.893213
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		04.370
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		04.370
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		06.55102
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		02.6830
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		02.6830
Cancer of Sigmoid
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer of the Tonsil
[description not available]		06.63121
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		06.55102
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		02.6830
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		08.43172
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		02.6830
Tonsillar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL.		06.63121
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		04.8740
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.9340
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		05.3472
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		05.3472
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced
Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.		02.0110
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		03.6130
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		07.78142
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.9340
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		02.9340
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		03.2360
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		03.2360
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor
[description not available]		02.730
Liposarcoma
A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		02.730
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.		04.5330
Blood Clot
[description not available]		05.2241
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		05.2241
Angiosarcoma
[description not available]		02.4320
Hemangiosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4320
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		07.3892
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.411
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.		03.411
Spinal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.		03.411
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		08.79323
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		08.79323
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		01.9410
Cancer of the Urethra
[description not available]		04.2770
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		01.9410
Urethral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. Benign epithelial tumors of the urethra usually consist of squamous and transitional cells. Primary urethral carcinomas are rare and typically of squamous cells. Urethral carcinoma is the only urological malignancy that is more common in females than in males.		04.2770
Metastase
[description not available]		06.79132
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		06.79132
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary
[description not available]		03.7921
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		02.0210
Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma in which the tumor elements are arranged as finger-like processes or as a solid spherical nodule projecting from an epithelial surface.		02.0210
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)		02.0210
Carcinoma, Lobular
A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.		02.6930
Auricular Cancer
[description not available]		03.6330
Ear Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).		03.6330
Cancer of Nose
[description not available]		03.0950
Histiocytoma
A neoplasm containing HISTIOCYTES. Important forms include BENIGN FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA; and MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA.		02.0210
Hemorrhage, Uterine
[description not available]		02.0210
Uterine Hemorrhage
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.		02.0210
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		02.6930
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		02.6930
Fat Necrosis
A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.		02.9410
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		04.6532
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		04.6532
Carcinosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0310
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		02.420
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		04.0731
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		03.7921
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		04.0731
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		03.7921
Bowel Incontinence
[description not available]		03.4211
Fecal Incontinence
Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.		03.4211
Tracheal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.		06.91101
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.6830
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.6830
Palsy
[description not available]		02.0310
Brachial Paresis
[description not available]		02.0310
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		02.0310
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		06.78141
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		06.78141
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		03.630
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		02.9510
Earache
Pain in the ear.		02.9510
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.9510
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.9510
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		02.9510
Orbital Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		03.3770
Adenocystic Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.3320
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3320
Common Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.		02.6830
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic
[description not available]		02.910
Atelectasis
[description not available]		01.9810
Breathing Sounds
[description not available]		01.9810
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.		01.9810
Cancer of Oropharnyx
[description not available]		05.99101
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.		05.99101
Congenital Epulides
[description not available]		01.9810
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		03.7821
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		03.7821
Osteoradionecrosis
Necrosis of bone following radiation injury.		02.940
Dysphagia
[description not available]		04.4751
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		04.4751
Esophagitis
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.		01.9810
Fibrosis, Radiation
[description not available]		01.9810
Radiation Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.		01.9810
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		04.2870
Choroid Neoplasms
Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).		04.8781
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		04.2870
Palatal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.		06.3691
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		05.5361
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		05.5361
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.320
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		03.320
Mandibular Diseases
Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.		02.6830
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		05.1943
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		05.1943
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound
[description not available]		02.910
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		04.9931
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.6730
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.6730
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		06.94121
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		02.420
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		06.94121
Nasal Bleeding
[description not available]		01.9810
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
[description not available]		02.3920
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose.		01.9810
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.		02.3920
Mesonephroma
A rare tumor of the female genital tract, most often the ovary, formerly considered to be derived from mesonephric rests. Two varieties are recognized: (1) clear cell carcinoma, so called because of its histologic resemblance to renal cell carcinoma, and now considered to be of muellerian duct derivation and (2) an embryonal tumor (called also ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR and yolk sac tumor), occurring chiefly in children. The latter variety may also arise in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9810
Esophageal Stricture
[description not available]		04.2741
Esophageal Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.		04.2841
Esophageal Stenosis
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.		04.2741
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3820
Mandibular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.		01.9810
Bile Duct Diseases
Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.		01.9910
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.3820
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.3820
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.940
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		02.940
Esophageal Diseases
Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.		01.9810
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		03.0750
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		03.0750
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9710
Middle Ear Effusion
[description not available]		01.9710
Aural Cholesteatoma
[description not available]		01.9710
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		01.9710
Otitis Media with Effusion
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.		01.9710
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Pinealoma
Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)		01.9810
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		01.9910
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		01.9910
Cavernitis, Fibrous
[description not available]		03.3711
Penile Induration
A condition characterized by hardening of the PENIS due to the formation of fibrous plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of the PENIS, usually involving the membrane (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis). This may eventually cause a painful deformity of the shaft or constriction of the urethra, or both.		03.3711
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		01.9910
Adenosis of Breast
[description not available]		02.910
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.910
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.		02.910
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.910
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		03.5930
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		01.9910
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		01.9910
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		01.9910
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		03.5930
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		04.0731
Cyst
[description not available]		01.9910
Cancer of the Retina
[description not available]		02.420
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.7921
Epiphora
[description not available]		01.9910
Cancer of Maxillary Sinus
[description not available]		02.3920
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS.		01.9910
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		01.9910
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		03.3811
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		03.3811
Urethral Diseases
Pathological processes involving the URETHRA.		03.3811
Anal Fistula
[description not available]		03.3811
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		03.3811
Cancer of Parotid
[description not available]		0210
Parotid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.		0210
Prosthesis Durability
[description not available]		03.3811
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.940
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.940
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		03.3911
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		03.3911
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		03.3911
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		03.3911
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		03.3911
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		03.3911
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		0210
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		0210
Uveal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.		03.630
Optic Atrophy
Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.		0210
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous
An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		03.3911
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		03.7921
Angioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.		0210
Hemangioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)		0210
Foreign-Body Migration
Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.		0210
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone
[description not available]		03.3911
Hemorrhagic Proctocolitis
[description not available]		03.3911
Osteonecrosis
Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.		03.3911
Proctocolitis
Inflammation of the RECTUM and the distal portion of the COLON.		03.3911
Finger Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.		02.3920
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		0210
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		0210
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		0210
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		0210
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		0210
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		0210
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		0210
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		0210
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		0210
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		0210
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		03.821
Microglossia
[description not available]		03.7821
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		03.7821
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		04.480
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		04.480
Neoplasms, Vascular
[description not available]		0210
Aneuploid
[description not available]		03.3911
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		03.3911
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		03.3911
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		02.0110
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		02.0110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.0110
Renal Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Renal Artery Obstruction
Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).		02.0110
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		02.3820
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		02.3820
Hemangiopericytoma
A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)		01.9810
Cancer of Gallbladder
[description not available]		02.3820
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.		02.3820
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		01.9810
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		02.3820
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		01.9810
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.3820
Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic
[description not available]		01.9810
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		02.6730
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9810
Colonic Diseases
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		01.9710
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		01.9710
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		01.9710
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		01.9710
Biliary Tract Cancer
[description not available]		03.2920
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		03.2920
Fibromatosis
[description not available]		01.9710
Fibroma
A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.		01.9710
Bronchial Fistula
An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.		01.9710
Chordoma
A malignant tumor arising from the embryonic remains of the notochord. It is also called chordocarcinoma, chordoepithelioma, and notochordoma. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9710
Cholangioma
[description not available]		02.6630
Adenoma, Bile Duct
A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.		02.6630
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		01.9710
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		01.9710
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		01.9710
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9710
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		01.9710
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		01.9710
Hypopharyngeal Cancer
[description not available]		01.9710
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.		01.9710
Ear Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar
[description not available]		01.9710
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar
A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9710
Bladder Calculi
[description not available]		01.9710
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		01.9710