Page last updated: 2024-10-24
NADPH binding
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Binding to the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions. [GOC:mah]
NADPH binding is a crucial molecular function in various cellular processes, involving the interaction of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) with proteins. NADPH serves as a reducing agent, donating electrons to facilitate enzymatic reactions. The binding of NADPH to proteins is highly specific and often involves a defined binding site, where the coenzyme interacts with amino acid residues through a combination of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals forces. The binding event triggers conformational changes in the protein, modulating its activity and influencing its interaction with other molecules.
This binding process is essential for a wide range of metabolic reactions, including:
* **Redox reactions:** NADPH provides reducing equivalents to enzymes involved in biosynthesis, detoxification, and other metabolic pathways.
* **Electron transport:** In metabolic pathways like the pentose phosphate pathway, NADPH is generated and used to transfer electrons.
* **Signal transduction:** NADPH can act as a second messenger in signal transduction cascades, regulating cellular processes.
* **Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification:** Enzymes like glutathione reductase utilize NADPH to reduce ROS and protect cells from oxidative stress.
* **Lipid biosynthesis:** NADPH is required for the synthesis of fatty acids and other lipids.
The binding of NADPH to proteins is a dynamic process, influenced by factors such as the concentration of NADPH, the presence of other substrates and cofactors, and the regulatory mechanisms that control enzyme activity. Variations in the binding affinity of NADPH to different proteins contribute to the specificity and regulation of various cellular processes.'
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Proteins (8)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase | A 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P45568] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Dihydrofolate reductase | A dihydrofolate reductase folA that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0ABQ4] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, chloroplastic | A 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase that is encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. [OMA:Q9XFS9, PRO:DNx] | Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) |
| Dihydropteridine reductase | A dihydropteridine reductase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09417] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Quinone oxidoreductase | A quinone oxidoreductase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q08257] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 | A 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18405] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase | A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P04035] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Dihydrofolate reductase | A dihydrofolate reductase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN, UniProtKB:P00374] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (116)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| hippuric acid | hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591 N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl. | N-acylglycine | human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin |
| fosmidomycin | fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source | hydroxamic acid; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor |
| 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine | 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease. | methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine | neurotoxin |
| meglutol | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the two hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a hydroxy group, while the other is substituted by a methyl group. It has been found to accumulate in urine of patients suffering from HMG-CoA lyase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, EC 4.1.3.4) deficiency. It occurs as a plant metabolite in Crotalaria dura. Meglutol: An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acid; tertiary alcohol | anticholesteremic drug; antimetabolite; EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| ag 1295 | quinoxaline derivative | geroprotector | |
| cisapride | cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | benzamides | |
| diclofenac | diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt. | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| diflunisal | diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN. | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| etodolac | etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE). | monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fenbufen | fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| ibuprofen | Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| lamotrigine | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic | |
| mefenamic acid | mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| metformin | metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289) | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methazolamide | Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma. | sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | |
| doxorubicin hydrochloride | folic acids | ||
| pd 153035 | 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7. | aromatic amine; aromatic ether; bromobenzenes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound | EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
| pyrimethamine | Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| riluzole | Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | benzothiazoles | |
| imatinib | aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| vorinostat | vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME. | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| sulfacetamide | sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen. Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections. | N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| trimethoprim | trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported. | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| trimetrexate | Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect. | ||
| tryptophan | tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals. | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan; tryptophan zwitterion | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| phenformin | phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290) | biguanides | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent |
| cycloguanil | cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil. cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source | triazines | antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| D-tryptophan | D-alpha-amino acid; tryptophan; tryptophan zwitterion | bacterial metabolite | |
| congo red | Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0. Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS. | bis(azo) compound | |
| 4-phenylpyridine | phenylpyridine | ||
| 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine | 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine: structure in first source | ||
| diaveridine | diaveridine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring carries amino substituents at C-2 and C-4 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at C-5. A folic acid antagonist, it is used as a synergist with sulfonamides against the parasitic Eimeria species. diaveridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | aminopyrimidine | antiparasitic agent; drug allergen |
| lovastatin | lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver. | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| piritrexim | piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | ||
| simvastatin | simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL. | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| pravastatin | pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES). | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| brequinar | brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties. | biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor |
| finasteride | finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. | 3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| atorvastatin | aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic) | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic | |
| mevastatin | mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure | 2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 2,4-diaminoquinazoline | |||
| 25-hydroxycholesterol | 25-hydroxy steroid; oxysterol | human metabolite | |
| tetroxoprim | tetroxoprim: structure given in Negwer 5th ed, #6419 | dimethoxybenzene | |
| 2,4-diaminopyrimidine | 2,6-diaminopyrimidine: structure in first source pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4. | aminopyrimidine | |
| epristeride | epristeride: structure given in first source | steroid acid | |
| brodimoprim | brodimoprim : An aminopyrimidine that is 2,4-diaminopyrimidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl group. brodimoprim: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase | aminopyrimidine; bromobenzenes; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| epiroprim | epiroprim: an analog of trimethoprim with improved antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic properties; structure given in first source | ||
| methylbenzoprim | methylbenzoprim: structure given in first source | ||
| sori 8895 | SoRI 8895: RN in first source | ||
| sori 8890 | SoRI 8890: RN in first source | ||
| 1-methyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine | |||
| 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine | 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine: structure given in first source | ||
| 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine | 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| 2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-s-triazine | 2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-s-triazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | ||
| 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid | (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors. 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion | GABAB receptor agonist |
| 10-deazaaminopterin | |||
| epicatechin gallate | (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida. epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea | catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| wr 99210 | BRL 6231: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM & N1 refer to HCl; synonym BRL 51084 refers to (mono-HBr); structure | ||
| n-hydroxy-4-phosphonobutanamide | N-hydroxy-4-phosphonobutanamide: structure given in first source | ||
| methotrexate | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent | |
| fce 28260 | (22RS-N-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-phenylprop-2-yl)-3-oxo-4-aza-5alpha-androst-1-ene-17beta-carboxamide: structure given in first source | ||
| 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin | 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma. | N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pteridines; terminal acetylenic compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| naproxen | naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout. | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| n-(4-(n-((2,4-diaminofuro(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)glutamic acid | N-(4-(N-((2,4-diaminofuro(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)glutamic acid: structure given in first source | ||
| 3-(n-acetyl-n-hydroxy)aminopropylphosphonic acid | 3-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxy)aminopropylphosphonic acid: from Streptomyces rubellomurinus sp. nov.; interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis; structure in first source | phosphonoacetic acid | |
| ly 300502 | |||
| aminopterin | Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. | dicarboxylic acid | EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen |
| sk&f 99085 | |||
| 4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid | 4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the amino group of L-glutamic acid. | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | |
| iclaprim | 5-[(2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine that is 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl group. iclaprim : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-iclaprim. Both enantiomers exhibit similar, potent bactericidal activity against major Gram-positive pathogens, notably methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively). iclaprim: has antiviral activity | aminopyrimidine; chromenes; cyclopropanes | |
| n-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamide | indisulam : A chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development. N-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamide: structure in first source | chloroindole; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| cerivastatin | cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic) | |
| rosuvastatin | rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer). | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sr 12813 | SR 12813: structure given in first source SR12813 : An organic phosphonate that is the tetraethyl ester of [2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethene-1,1-diyl]bis(phosphonic acid). | organic phosphonate; phenols | pregnane X receptor agonist |
| pd 173955 | PD 173955: inhibits src family-selective tyrosine kinase; structure in first source | aryl sulfide; dichlorobenzene; methyl sulfide; pyridopyrimidine | tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| alpha-asarone | alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus. asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847 | asarone | anticonvulsant; GABA modulator |
| chalcone | trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone. | chalcone | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor |
| flavin mononucleotide | flavin mononucleotide; vitamin B2 | bacterial metabolite; coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
| 1-methyltryptophan | 1-methyltryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan carrying a single methyl substituent at position 1 on the indole. 1-methyltryptophan: an immunomodulator | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| fosmidomycin monosodium salt | |||
| quercetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger | |
| luteolin | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist | |
| baicalein | trihydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger | |
| fisetin | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite | |
| myricetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite | |
| hr 780 | HR 780: structure given in first source | phenylpyridine | |
| nk 104 | pitavastatin calcium : The calcium salt of pitavastatin. Used for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise. | calcium salt; statin (synthetic) | antioxidant |
| semaxinib | semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group. | olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid | (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers. | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound | |
| 17-n,n-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one | 17-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one: inhibitor of testosterone 5-alpha reductase, receptor binding & nuclear uptake of androgens in the prostate | ||
| edatrexate | edatrexate: structure given in first source | glutamic acid derivative | |
| dutasteride | dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland. Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| gentamicin sulfate | |||
| memoquin | memoquin: structure in first source | ||
| tannins | gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose). | tannin | |
| pravastatin sodium | pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | organic sodium salt; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug |
| 5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| 5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| 5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| 5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-3-thiophenyl)-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| teriflunomide | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| 7-oxo-ganoderic acid z | 7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z: from the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum; structure in first source | ||
| dihydrofolate | dihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis. | dihydrofolic acids | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| folic acid | folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| raltitrexed | N-acyl-amino acid | ||
| n-(4(n-((2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)prop-2-ynylamino)benzoyl)-l-glutamic acid | |||
| leucovorin | 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5. | formyltetrahydrofolic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1843u89 | 1843U89: structure given in first source; a folate analog | ||
| 5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate | |||
| pemetrexed | pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). | N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor |
| cb 3717 | N-acyl-L-glutamic acid | ||
| (5)n,(8)n-deaza-(10)-n-methylfolate | |||
| 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid | tetrahydrofolate : A folate obtained by deprotonation of any tetrahydrofolic acid. tetrahydrofolic acid : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units. | tetrahydrofolic acid | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| ARS-1620 | ARS-1620 : A qinazoline derivative carrying chloro and fluoro substituents at positions 6 and 8 respectively, a 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl group at position 7, and a 4-(prop-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl group at position 4. A potent, selective, and orally bioavailable covalent KRAS-G12C inhibitor, it inhibits the protein coding gene KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) with high potency in cells and animals. ARS-1620: covalent S-IIP G12C inhibitor for targeting of KRAS G12C mutant tumors | quinazolines | antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; inhibitor |