Page last updated: 2024-11-06

2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane

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Description

2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, commonly known as Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is a colorless, crystalline organochlorine insecticide that was widely used in the mid-20th century to control mosquitoes and other insect pests. DDT was synthesized in 1874 by Othmar Zeidler, but its insecticidal properties were not discovered until 1939 by Paul Hermann Müller. DDT's effectiveness in controlling malaria and other insect-borne diseases led to its widespread use and Müller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948 for his discovery. However, DDT's persistence in the environment, its bioaccumulation in food chains, and its potential adverse effects on wildlife, particularly birds of prey, led to its ban in many countries in the 1970s. Despite its ban, DDT is still used in some parts of the world, particularly in countries with high rates of malaria, due to its effectiveness and low cost. There is ongoing research on DDT to assess its potential benefits and risks in specific contexts.'

2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane: methoxychlor metabolite [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID76302
CHEMBL ID196585
CHEBI ID34025
SCHEMBL ID44658
MeSH IDM0358475

Synonyms (71)

Synonym
BIDD:ER0088
4,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bisphenol
3-06-00-05436 (beilstein handbook reference)
h58165yo91 ,
dihydroxy-diphenyl trichlorethane
unii-h58165yo91
gtpl2827
4,2,2-trichloroethylidene)diphenol
nsc7045
1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane
wln: qr dyr dq&xggg
nsc-7045
.alpha.,.beta.,.beta.-trichloroethane
ethane,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloro-
p,p'-hydroxy-ddt
p,p'-ho-ddt
phenol,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis-
2971-36-0
4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyltrichloroethane
1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane
phenol,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)di-
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane
hpte
ethane, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloro-
dihydroxy-diphenyl trichlorethane [french]
4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl-trichloroethane
phenol, 4,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)di-
brn 2054671
ai3-02335
phenol, 4,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis-
nsc 7045
4,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)diphenol
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane
1,1-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane
2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane
CHEBI:34025 ,
alpha,alpha-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-beta,beta,beta-trichloroethane
p,p'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)diphenol
hydroxychlor
4,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)diphenol
1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane
NCGC00164437-01
NCGC00164437-02
STK996193
4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol
CHEMBL196585 ,
sj000143975
FT-0663306
AKOS003598427
NCGC00164437-03
NCGC00164437-04
124042-17-7
phenol, 4,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis-, labeled with carbon-14
dtxsid8022325 ,
cas-2971-36-0
tox21_201736
tox21_300656
dtxcid402325
NCGC00259285-01
NCGC00254564-01
bdbm50410509
phenol,4,4'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis-
27N ,
bisdemethylmethoxychlor
phenol, 4,4'- (2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis-
.alpha.,.alpha.-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-.beta.,.beta.,.beta.-trichloroethane
SCHEMBL44658
cambridge id 5273145
4MGD
Q26841186

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize MXC to mono-OH MXC (1,1,1-trichloro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane [mono-OH]) and bis-OH MXC (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane [HPTE]), two compounds that are proposed to be more toxic than the parent compound, can interact with the estrogen receptor (ER), and are proposed to be responsible for ovarian toxicity."( Methoxychlor metabolites may cause ovarian toxicity through estrogen-regulated pathways.
Flaws, JA; Gupta, RK; Miller, KP, 2006
)
0.33
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
bisphenolBy usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (33)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency89.35840.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347397
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.74613.189029.884159.4836AID1224846
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency49.94990.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521; AID1159523
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.95070.000714.592883.7951AID1259368; AID1259369; AID1259392
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.89420.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247; AID588516; AID743035; AID743036; AID743042; AID743053; AID743054; AID743063
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.14490.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency47.05450.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.11990.000417.946075.1148AID1346784; AID1346795
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.99790.000214.376460.0339AID720691; AID720692; AID720719
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency69.94430.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.43500.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID588544
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.32240.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency61.53550.375827.485161.6524AID743217
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.26760.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.82050.000229.305416,493.5996AID1259244; AID1259248; AID1259383; AID588513; AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency58.08620.001024.504861.6448AID743212; AID743215
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.66630.001019.414170.9645AID588536; AID743140; AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency40.46820.023723.228263.5986AID743222; AID743241
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.80640.000723.06741,258.9301AID743122
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency57.69590.001723.839378.1014AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency48.76910.001628.015177.1139AID1224895
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency77.60620.143427.612159.8106AID1159516
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency61.64480.057821.109761.2679AID1159526
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency30.09820.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.63790.037617.082361.1927AID1259364
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency59.36760.042027.378961.6448AID743210; AID743228
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency43.72190.000627.21521,122.0200AID651741; AID743202; AID743219
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency40.19160.001557.789015,848.9004AID1259244
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency64.93770.002319.595674.0614AID651631; AID720552
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency40.19160.001551.739315,848.9004AID1259244
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Estrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.04340.00000.723732.7000AID1666467
Androgen receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)9.12010.00101.979414.1600AID255211
Estrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.05040.00010.529432.7000AID1666468; AID1666472
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Estrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.03070.00000.53054.4000AID1666470
Estrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.01120.01120.01120.0112AID1666472
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (161)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
antral ovarian follicle growthEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodelingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic processEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
male gonad developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipase C activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to estradiolEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic processEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
stem cell differentiationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory responseEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assemblyEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
uterus developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
vagina developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prostate epithelial cord elongationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesisEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesisEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
mammary gland branching involved in pregnancyEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
mammary gland alveolus developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein localization to chromatinEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic processEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulusEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulusEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (52)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
TFIIB-class transcription factor bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
TBP-class protein bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
receptor antagonist activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (24)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
euchromatinEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleusEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (29)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1666483Displacement of [3H]17-beta estradiol from GST-fused human recombinant ERbeta ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method relative to BPAF
AID1666472Antagonist activity at ERbeta (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of E2-induced transcriptional activity measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay based Schild plot analysis
AID1666486Displacement of [3H]17-beta estradiol from GST-fused human recombinant ERbeta ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method relative to BPE-Br
AID1666476Potency index, ratio of BPE-F IC50 to test compound IC50 for GST-fused human recombinant ERalpha ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method
AID1666469Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for GST-fused human recombinant ERalpha ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells to IC50 for GST-fused human recombinant ERbeta ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells
AID449707ST_JUDE: Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 EC50 (uM) as measured by SYBR green dye2010Nature, May-20, Volume: 465, Issue:7296
Chemical genetics of Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1666488Antagonist activity at ERbeta (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of E2-induced transcriptional activity measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to BPE-Br
AID1666482Displacement of [3H]17-beta estradiol from GST-fused human recombinant ERalpha ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method relative to BPAF
AID1666487Antagonist activity at ERbeta (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of E2-induced transcriptional activity measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay based Schild plot analysis relative to BPE-Br
AID1666485Agonist activity at ERalpha (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as transcriptional activation measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to BPE-Br
AID1666477Potency index, ratio of BPE-F IC50 to test compound IC50 for GST-fused human recombinant ERbeta ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method
AID449708ST_JUDE: Plasmodium falciparum K1 EC50 (uM) as measured by SYBR green dye2010Nature, May-20, Volume: 465, Issue:7296
Chemical genetics of Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1666479Potency index, ratio of BPA IC50 to test compound IC50 for GST-fused human recombinant ERbeta ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method
AID1666480Potency index, ratio of BPE IC50 to test compound IC50 for GST-fused human recombinant ERalpha ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method
AID1666478Potency index, ratio of BPA IC50 to test compound IC50 for GST-fused human recombinant ERalpha ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method
AID1666471Agonist activity at ERbeta (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as transcriptional activation measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
AID1666484Displacement of [3H]17-beta estradiol from GST-fused human recombinant ERalpha ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method relative to BPE-Br
AID1666473Antagonist activity at ERbeta (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of E2-induced transcriptional activity at 10 uM measured after 24 hrs in presence of 10 nM E2 by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control
AID1666481Potency index, ratio of BPE IC50 to test compound IC50 for GST-fused human recombinant ERbeta ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method
AID1666468Displacement of [3H]17-beta estradiol from GST-fused human recombinant ERbeta ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method
AID1666475Antagonist activity at ERbeta (unknown origin) expressed in human Hela cells assessed as rightward shift of E2 dose-response curve at >0.01 uM measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
AID255211Inhibitory concentration against recombinant rat androgen receptor expressed in Escherichia coli using [3H]methyltrienolone (R 1881)2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18
Impact of induced fit on ligand binding to the androgen receptor: a multidimensional QSAR study to predict endocrine-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals.
AID1666467Displacement of [3H]17-beta estradiol from GST-fused human recombinant ERalpha ligand binding domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21alpha cells incubated for 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting method
AID1666470Agonist activity at ERalpha (unknown origin) expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as transcriptional activation measured after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1346880Human Estrogen receptor-beta (3A. Estrogen receptors)1999British journal of pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 126, Issue:3
Signalling by CXC-chemokine receptors 1 and 2 expressed in CHO cells: a comparison of calcium mobilization, inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and stimulation of GTPgammaS binding induced by IL-8 and GROalpha.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2014Environmental health perspectives, Dec, Volume: 122, Issue:12
Structural and functional profiling of environmental ligands for estrogen receptors.
AID1159537qHTS screening for TAG (triacylglycerol) accumulators in algae2017Plant physiology, Aug, Volume: 174, Issue:4
Identification and Metabolite Profiling of Chemical Activators of Lipid Accumulation in Green Algae.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (46)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's3 (6.52)18.2507
2000's22 (47.83)29.6817
2010's18 (39.13)24.3611
2020's3 (6.52)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.87

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.87 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.89 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.76 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.87)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (2.08%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other47 (97.92%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]