Page last updated: 2024-12-09

1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-benzimidazol-4-one

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-benzimidazol-4-one, also known as **Phenytoin**, is a well-established anticonvulsant medication. It's NOT a compound with the chemical structure you described, as that compound is unlikely to be found in nature.

Here's why Phenytoin is important in research:

* **Anticonvulsant Properties:** Phenytoin is a highly effective medication for controlling seizures in various epilepsy types. It works by blocking sodium channels in the brain, which reduces the transmission of electrical signals that cause seizures.
* **Mechanism of Action:** The precise mechanism of action of Phenytoin is still under investigation, but its effects on sodium channels, as well as potential modulation of other ion channels and neurotransmitter release, are being studied.
* **Pharmacokinetic Properties:** Phenytoin's pharmacokinetic properties, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, are well-documented. However, its metabolism can be influenced by various factors, leading to potential drug interactions and side effects.
* **Clinical Applications:** Phenytoin is widely used for treating various types of epilepsy, including generalized tonic-clonic seizures, focal seizures, and status epilepticus. It also finds applications in treating trigeminal neuralgia and other neurological conditions.
* **Drug Development and Modification:** Phenytoin's success as an anticonvulsant has spurred research into developing novel anticonvulsant drugs based on its structure or mechanism of action.

**Research Focus:**

* **Developing novel anticonvulsant drugs:** New drugs with fewer side effects and better efficacy are being investigated.
* **Understanding the mechanism of action:** Research continues to investigate the exact ways Phenytoin works at the molecular level to develop more targeted therapies.
* **Investigating potential applications:** Researchers are exploring the potential of Phenytoin in other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
* **Optimizing therapeutic dosage and delivery:** Studying the pharmacokinetics of Phenytoin and its interactions with other medications to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.
* **Investigating side effects:** Researchers are working to understand the mechanisms behind Phenytoin's side effects and develop strategies to minimize them.

Overall, Phenytoin is a crucial medication for managing epilepsy and continues to be a subject of ongoing research to improve its therapeutic potential and address limitations.

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID727263
CHEMBL ID1550331
CHEBI ID183422
SCHEMBL ID13856215

Synonyms (37)

Synonym
CBDIVE_014399
DIVK1C_001364
SDCCGMLS-0038558.P002
SDCCGMLS-0038558.P003
CDS1_000324 ,
MLS000061383 ,
1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4h-benzimidazol-4-one
smr000069279
MAYBRIDGE1_002612
OPREA1_718185
STK833734
HMS548O16
CHEBI:183422
1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-5h-benzimidazol-4-one
AKOS005623558
HMS2441J07
FT-0607924
257869-87-7
AB00076879-01
1-oxidanyl-2-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-5h-benzimidazol-4-one
cid_727263
bdbm38662
SCHEMBL13856215
cambridge id 5256220
W-206982
BTB 15113
CHEMBL1550331
DTXSID30352468
mfcd00168418
CCG-242611
1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-benzimidazol-4-one
1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-1h-benzo[d]imidazol-4(5h)-one
benzalbromide
1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4h-benzo[d]imidazol-4-one
CS-0336156
1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1h-1,3-benzodiazol-4-one
way-244307
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
imidazolesA five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (9)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.37090.025120.237639.8107AID886; AID893
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.37090.025120.237639.8107AID886; AID893
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.177814.390939.8107AID2147
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency28.18380.100020.879379.4328AID588456
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.18380.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.38720.001815.663839.8107AID894
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.93490.168316.404067.0158AID720504
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.26430.004611.374133.4983AID624296
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11871.995325.532750.1187AID624287
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (5)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasisGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretionGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucagon stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (2)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase activator activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (17)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159537qHTS screening for TAG (triacylglycerol) accumulators in algae2017Plant physiology, Aug, Volume: 174, Issue:4
Identification and Metabolite Profiling of Chemical Activators of Lipid Accumulation in Green Algae.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (9)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (11.11)29.6817
2010's6 (66.67)24.3611
2020's2 (22.22)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.14

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.14 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.30 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.44 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.14)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other9 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]