Page last updated: 2024-11-04

glucose

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Description

alpha-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

(1->6)-alpha-D-glucan : An alpha-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->6) linkages. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

(1->3)-alpha-D-glucan : An alpha-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID79025
CHEMBL ID423707
CHEBI ID17925
CHEBI ID18269
CHEBI ID28102
CHEBI ID15444
CHEBI ID18398
CHEBI ID28100
SCHEMBL ID6222
MeSH IDM0009339

Synonyms (125)

Synonym
AC-15067
CHEMBL423707 ,
unii-5j5i9eb41e
einecs 207-757-8
5j5i9eb41e ,
alpha-dextrose
alpha-d-glc
CHEBI:17925 ,
d-(+)-glucose, meets analytical specification of ph. eur., bp, anhydrous
corn sugar
glucopyranose, alpha-d-
(+)-glucose
cmc_6867
alpha-d-glucose
(1,4-alpha-d-glucosyl)n
(1,6-alpha-d-glucosyl)n
1,6-alpha-d-glucan
1,3-alpha-d-glucan
492-62-6
C00267
(1,4-alpha-d-glucosyl)n+1
[alpha-d-glucosyl-(1,3)]n+1
[alpha-d-glucosyl-(1,3)]n
1,4-alpha-d-glucan
4-{(1,4)-alpha-d-glucosyl}(n-1)-d-glucose
grape sugar
(1,4-alpha-d-glucosyl)n-1
alpha-d-glucopyranose
ALPHA-GLUCOSE ,
dextrin from corn, type i, powder
d-(+) glucose, analytical standard
d-(+)-glucose, hybri-max(tm), powder, bioreagent, suitable for hybridoma
dextrose, meets ep, bp, jp, usp testing specifications
dextrose, meets ep, bp, jp, usp testing specifications, anhydrous
dextrin from corn, commercial grade, type ii, powder
d-(+)-glucose, suitable for mouse embryo, >=99.5% (gc)
d-(+)-glucose, >=99.5% (gc)
d-(+)-glucose, plant cell culture tested, bioreagent
d-(+)-glucose, bioxtra, >=99.5% (gc)
d-(+)-glucose, powder, bioreagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, >=99.5%
d-(+)-glucose, >=99% (gc)
d-(+)-glucose, analytical standard
NCGC00160621-01
alpha-d-glucose, anhydrous, 96%
d(+)glucose, anhydrous
MOLMAP_000023
CHEBI:18269
(1->6)-alpha-d-glucan
d-(+)-glucose, bioultra, anhydrous, >=99.5% (sum of enantiomers, hplc)
074AD9E3-1FC7-485C-8A50-2B653D501E5B
d-glucose-5-c-td-glucose [mesh: glucose]
d-gluose
d-gluco-hexose
glucoses
BMSE000015
CHEBI:28102
(1->4)-alpha-d-glucopyranan
CHEBI:15444
(1->4)-alpha-d-glucan
(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
NCGC00160621-03
BMSE000797
BMSE000855
BMSE000791
bdbm50351158
AKOS015950677
(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol
EPITOPE ID:144998
S6028
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N
smr004703328
MLS006011570
SCHEMBL6222
glucosum, anhydrous [who-ip latin]
glucose, anhydrous [who-ip]
CHEBI:18398
(1->3)-alpha-d-glucan
(1->3)-alpha-d-glucopyranan
CHEBI:28100
26655-34-5
W-204032
alpha-d-glucose, anhydrous
|a-d-glucose anhydrous
dextroseanhydrate
mfcd00063774
d-(+)-glucose, anhydrous
DTXSID30197710 ,
alpha-d(+)-glucose
dextrose, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
d-(+)-glucose, 99.9 atom % 16o, 99.9 atom % 12c
alpha-d-glucose, saj first grade, >=98.0%
d-(+)-glucose, tested according to ph.eur.
alpha-d-glucose, saj special grade, >=98.0%
glucose, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
alpha-delta-glucose
a-dextrose
alpha-delta-glucopyranose
a-glucose
a-d-glucose
a-d-glucopyranose
dextrose, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
d-(+)-glucose, vetec(tm) reagent grade, >=99.5%
d-(+)-glucose, anhydrous, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), >=99.5%
glucose, p.a., acs reagent
d-(+)-glucose, ar, anhydrous
dextrin from corn, p.a.
d-(+)-glucose, lr, anhydrous, >=99.5%
d-glucose (dextrose), nist(r) srm(r) 917c
(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
27707-45-5
alpha-d-glucose; d-glucose; glucose
A871826
HY-128417
i+/--d-glucose
BS-17112
Q23905965
D70945
alpha-d-glucopyranose, phase i
alpha-d-glucose, phase ii
alpha-d-glucose, phase i
alpha-d-glucopyranose, phase ii
CS-0099249
alpha-d(+)-glucose, anhydrous
EN300-59169
Z905052654
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
mouse metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
D-glucopyranoseA glucopyranose having D-configuration.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (107)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Glycolysis6132
Transport of small molecules39295
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport13567
Cellular hexose transport123
Digestion and absorption1724
Digestion1223
Digestion of dietary carbohydrate611
Metabolism14961108
Carbohydrate metabolism173120
Glycogen metabolism2016
Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis)1311
Glucose metabolism7642
Gluconeogenesis3031
Fructose metabolism721
Fructose biosynthesis29
Lactose synthesis35
Metabolism of lipids500463
Sphingolipid metabolism5550
Glycosphingolipid metabolism3031
Integration of energy metabolism4927
Regulation of insulin secretion3019
Regulatory network of nutrient accumulation1011
Glycolysis1423
Gluconeogenesis2232
Galactose Metabolism1234
Fructose and Mannose Degradation1830
Nucleotide Sugars Metabolism817
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism1626
Trehalose Degradation1310
Galactosemia1234
Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke Disease2232
Galactosemia II (GALK)817
Galactosemia III817
Glycogenosis, Type VII. Tarui Disease1423
Glycogen Synthetase Deficiency1626
Glycogenosis, Type III. Cori Disease, Debrancher Glycogenosis1626
Glycogenosis, Type IV. Amylopectinosis, Anderson Disease1626
Glycogenosis, Type VI. Hers Disease1626
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Sly Syndrome1626
Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency1626
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1)2232
Fructosuria1830
Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase Deficiency2232
Triosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency2232
Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome1423
Glycogenosis, Type IB2232
Glycogenosis, Type IC2232
Glycogenosis, Type IA. Von Gierke Disease2232
Fructose Intolerance, Hereditary1830
Galactose Degradation/Leloir Pathway1318
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism II2231
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism III2340
Secondary Metabolites: Trehalose Biosynthesis and Metabolism1012
Metabolism of proteins1058144
Glycolysis I1023
Ethanol Fermentation1527
Post-translational protein modification666112
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation16478
N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle186
Calnexin/calreticulin cycle86
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification8518
N-glycan trimming and elongation in the cis-Golgi24
Peptide hormone metabolism6812
Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin174
Incretin synthesis, secretion, and inactivation203
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)173
Disease1278231
Disorders of transmembrane transporters10243
SLC transporter disorders4537
Defective GCK causes maturity-onset diabetes of the young 2 (MODY2)02
Defective HK1 causes hexokinase deficiency (HK deficiency)02
Defective SLC2A1 causes GLUT1 deficiency syndrome 1 (GLUT1DS1)01
Defective SLC2A10 causes arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS)01
Defective SLC5A1 causes congenital glucose/galactose malabsorption (GGM)02
Defective SLC5A2 causes renal glucosuria (GLYS1)02
glucose and glucose-1-phosphate degradation012
sorbitol biosynthesis II010
trehalose biosynthesis VI05
trehalose degradation II (cytosolic)68
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation3360
sucrose degradation II (sucrose synthase)1722
tropane alkaloids biosynthesis028
superpathway of hyoscyamine (atropine) and scopolamine biosynthesis039
The impact of Nsp14 on metabolism (COVID-19 Disease Map)084
glycogen biosynthesis I (from ADP-D-Glucose)09
protein N-glycosylation processing phase (plants and animals)04
glycolysis III (from glucose)018
homolactic fermentation019
Glycosphingolipid catabolism1716
Mycobacterium tuberculosis biological processes3962
Trehalose biosynthesis510
Regulation of Glucokinase by Glucokinase Regulatory Protein304
protein N-glycosylation processing phase (mammalian)811
trehalose degradation59
protein N-glycosylation processing phase (yeast)48
chitin biosynthesis1640
trehalose degradation VI (periplasmic)25
trehalose degradation V213
trehalose degradation II (cytosolic)621
sucrose degradation II (sucrose synthase)1320
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation2661
protein N-glycosylation processing phase (plants and animals)811
protein N-glycosylation (yeast) processing in the ER48
trehalose degradation II (trehalase)69
UDP-galactose biosynthesis013
starch degradation010
sucrose degradation V (mammalian)612
Starch and cellulose biosynthesis09
Glucose-1-phosphate metabolism010
Turbo design of glycolysis06
Glycogen catabolism05
glycolysis IV119
glycolysis I418
Starch biosynthesis09
Glucose transport06

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle formOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Ki1,775.00000.02504.89039.0000AID1333322; AID1333327; AID453252; AID480616
Glycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)Ki4,900.00000.40002.75005.1000AID1186739
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)Ki1,700.00000.00403.43475.2000AID1186738
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
glycogen metabolic processGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic processGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
response to bacteriumGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasisGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
glycogen catabolic processGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
glycogen metabolic processGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
glycogen catabolic processGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (13)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
purine nucleobase bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
glucose bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
glycogen phosphorylase activityGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
AMP bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
vitamin bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
linear malto-oligosaccharide phosphorylase activityGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
SHG alpha-glucan phosphorylase activityGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphate bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
glycogen phosphorylase activityGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
linear malto-oligosaccharide phosphorylase activityGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
SHG alpha-glucan phosphorylase activityGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphate bindingGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular regionGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumenGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumenGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmGlycogen phosphorylase, liver formHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmGlycogen phosphorylase, muscle formHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (16)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1698746Displacement of EtBr from calf thymus DNA incubated for 3 mins by fluorescence based assay2020Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10
Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Conioidine A: DNA- and HSA-Binding Studies of the Four Diastereomers.
AID1698748Binding affinity to calf thymus DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at DNA to ligand ratio at 40:1 by spectrophotometric method2020Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10
Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Conioidine A: DNA- and HSA-Binding Studies of the Four Diastereomers.
AID667422Competitive inhibition of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b using Glc-1-P as substrate2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 54The binding of C5-alkynyl and alkylfurano[2,3-d]pyrimidine glucopyranonucleosides to glycogen phosphorylase b: synthesis, biochemical and biological assessment.
AID1333322Competitive inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase-a in presence of varying levels of glucose-1-phosphate and constant concentration of glycogen by Hill plot analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthetic, enzyme kinetic, and protein crystallographic studies of C-β-d-glucopyranosyl pyrroles and imidazoles reveal and explain low nanomolar inhibition of human liver glycogen phosphorylase.
AID480616Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase inactive form b2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 18, Issue:10
1-(3-Deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-d-glucopyranosyl) pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase b: Kinetic, crystallographic and modelling studies.
AID1333327Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase-b after 1 min in presence of varying levels of glucose-1-phosphate and constant concentration of glycogen and AMP by double reciprocal plot method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthetic, enzyme kinetic, and protein crystallographic studies of C-β-d-glucopyranosyl pyrroles and imidazoles reveal and explain low nanomolar inhibition of human liver glycogen phosphorylase.
AID453252Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 17, Issue:20
Glucose-based spiro-isoxazolines: a new family of potent glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors.
AID28956Partition coefficient (logP) (dodecane)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Rational determination of transfer free energies of small drugs across the water-oil interface.
AID28958Partition coefficient across water-dodecane interface by statistical simulation2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Rational determination of transfer free energies of small drugs across the water-oil interface.
AID614129Competitive inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b assessed as inorganic phosphate release using alphaD glucose-1-phosphate as substrate at pH 6.8 by spectrophotometric analysis2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17
Halogen-substituted (C-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-hydroquinone regioisomers: synthesis, enzymatic evaluation and their binding to glycogen phosphorylase.
AID1333323Competitive inhibition of His6-tagged human liver glycogen phosphorylase-a expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 Gold (DE3) assessed as release of inorganic phosphate using varying levels of glucose-1-phosphate and constant concentration of AMP and glycogen 2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 123Synthetic, enzyme kinetic, and protein crystallographic studies of C-β-d-glucopyranosyl pyrroles and imidazoles reveal and explain low nanomolar inhibition of human liver glycogen phosphorylase.
AID264487[1-3H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in 3T3 L1 adipocytes2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-04, Volume: 49, Issue:9
Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of antidiabetic penta-O-galloyl-D-glucopyranose and its analogues.
AID1186739Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase a (unknown origin)2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17
Structure based inhibitor design targeting glycogen phosphorylase B. Virtual screening, synthesis, biochemical and biological assessment of novel N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamines.
AID28957Partition coefficient (logP)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Rational determination of transfer free energies of small drugs across the water-oil interface.
AID1353852Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase (unknown origin)2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 147A multidisciplinary study of 3-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: Computation, synthesis, crystallography and kinetics reveal new potent inhibitors.
AID1186738Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase b (unknown origin)2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17
Structure based inhibitor design targeting glycogen phosphorylase B. Virtual screening, synthesis, biochemical and biological assessment of novel N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamines.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (10)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's3 (30.00)29.6817
2010's6 (60.00)24.3611
2020's1 (10.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other10 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]