calcium lactate profile

Calcium lactate is a white, odorless, water-soluble salt that is commonly used as a dietary supplement and food additive. It is formed through the reaction of lactic acid with calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate. In the body, calcium lactate is readily absorbed and utilized for various physiological processes, including bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood clotting. It is particularly important for individuals with calcium deficiencies, as it provides a readily absorbable source of calcium. Calcium lactate is also used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products. Its applications in medicine include treatment of hypocalcemia and osteoporosis, while in food it acts as a firming agent, stabilizer, and nutrient enhancer. Research on calcium lactate focuses on its bioavailability, effects on bone health, and potential benefits in treating various conditions. The compound is generally safe for consumption, although excessive intake may lead to gastrointestinal issues.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	13144
CHEMBL ID	2106111
SCHEMBL ID	4319
MeSH ID	M0285443

Synonym
28305-25-1
unii-2urq2n32w3
ec 212-406-7
2urq2n32w3 ,
AKOS015837558
hsdb 976
ccris 3669
propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:1)
hemicalcium l-lactate
lactic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
ai3-04468
calphosan
calcium dilactate
calcium lactate [usan:jan]
conclyte calcium
einecs 212-406-7
calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate (1:2)
calcium bis(2-hydroxypropanoate)
2-hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt
814-80-2
calcium lactate
calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate
FT-0652809
A840142
ca lactate
NCGC00256365-01
dtxcid60236
cas-814-80-2
tox21_302896
dtxsid0020236 ,
NCGC00258929-01
tox21_201378
e-327
ins-327-
ins no.327
calcium lactate anhydrous
CHEMBL2106111
calcium (as lactate)
ins-327
calcium lactate, anhydrous
einecs 227-266-2
5743-48-6
63690-56-2
FT-0623403
calcium (as lactate) [vandf]
calcium lactate [ii]
calcium lactate [ep monograph]
calcium lactate [fcc]
(+/-)-lactic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
calcium lactate [inci]
calcium lactate [hsdb]
calcium lactate [who-dd]
calcium lactate (1:2)
calcium lactate [mi]
calcium lactate, anhydrous [ep impurity]
calcium lactate [vandf]
calcium lactate anhydrous [usp monograph]
calcium lactate [usp-rs]
MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SCHEMBL4319
F16480
DB13231
calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate
calcium dl-lactate
Q419693
CS-0021602
AMY37027
lactic acid calcium salt (2:1)
HY-B2227A
calcium lactate (1 g)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Calcium lactate pentahydrate has better compaction properties than dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, even if lubricated with magnesium stearate."	( DC calcium lactate, a new filler-binder for direct compaction of tablets. Bolhuis, GK; Eissens, AC; Zoestbergen, E, 2001)	1.65

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Calcium lactate treatment reduced the respiration rate, in terms of O2, in samples kept in air."	( Influence of calcium lactate and modified atmosphere on respiration rate, optical and mechanical properties of sliced persimmon. Almela, C; Castelló, ML; Ortolá, MD; Tarrazó, J, 2015)	1.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Additionally, when considering the subjects' adverse effects and the results of the blood and urine tests over the 4-week trial period, the dose of 400 mg Polycalcium showed efficacy for improving bone metabolism and was well tolerated and safe."	( Safety and efficacy of polycalcium for improving biomarkers of bone metabolism: a 4-week open-label clinical study. Cho, HR; Choi, IS; Choi, JS; Kim, JD; Kim, JW; Park, MY, 2013)	0.39
" The LD50 and approximate LD in rats after single oral dose of Polycalcium were considered over 2000 mg/kg in both female and male, respectively."	( Single oral dose toxicity test of polycalcium, a mixed composition of polycan and calcium lactate-gluconate 1:9 (G/G) in SD rat. Cho, HR; Choi, IS; Choi, JS; Ha, YM; Kim, JW; Kim, KY; Ku, SK; Rha, CH, 2013)	0.62
" All dosages of PUR118 were safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of inhaled calcium lactate PUR118 in the ozone challenge model--a clinical trial. Biller, H; Hanrahan, J; Hava, DL; Hohlfeld, JM; Holz, O; Kane, K; Mueller, M; Rosano, M, 2015)	0.7
" Treatment with multiple rising doses of PUR118 was safe and three applications within 25 h prior to the ozone challenge had small effects on ozone-induced airway inflammation."	( Efficacy and safety of inhaled calcium lactate PUR118 in the ozone challenge model--a clinical trial. Biller, H; Hanrahan, J; Hava, DL; Hohlfeld, JM; Holz, O; Kane, K; Mueller, M; Rosano, M, 2015)	0.7

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" An in situ experiment showed that the intestinal calcium absorption rate of POs-Ca was almost comparable with that of the soluble calcium compounds, and was significantly higher (p<0."	( Absorbability of calcium from calcium-bound phosphoryl oligosaccharides in comparison with that from various calcium compounds in the rat ligated jejunum loop. Kamasaka, H; Kuriki, T; Nakabou, Y; Nishimura, T; Saeki, S; To-o, K, 2003)	0.32
"The objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of calcium from two fortification systems used in orange juice."	( Calcium fortification systems differ in bioavailability. Bierman, J; Dowell, MS; Heaney, RP; Rafferty, K, 2005)	0.33
" However, the ability of a range of Ca minerals to reduce oral bioavailability of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) from indoor dust remains unclear."	( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022)	0.72
"This study evaluated the ability of Ca minerals to reduce Pb, Cd, and As oral bioavailability from indoor dust and associated mechanisms."	( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022)	0.72
"Our study used a mouse model of exposure to household dust with various concentrations and species of Ca to determine whether different Ca minerals can reduce bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As in mice and elucidate the mechanism(s) involved."	( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Radioactivity in a femur 34 h after dosing was highest in the Ca lactate group and lowest in the Ca carbonate group among the three groups."	( Absorbability of calcium from a new calcium supplement prepared from bovine marrow-free bone in rats. Kamao, M; Ohtani, M; Okano, T; Tsugawa, N, 1998)	0.3
" Our purpose was to determine the most effective dosage of vitamin D with least side effects for treating VDR."	( Comparison of low and high dose of vitamin D treatment in nutritional vitamin D deficiency rickets. Caksen, H; Cesur, Y; Gündem, A; Kirimi, E; Odabaş, D, )	0.13
" As the results of single oral treatment of Polycalcium, no treatment related mortalities were observed within 14 days after end of treatment up to 2000 mg/kg, the limited dosage of rodents in the both genders."	( Single oral dose toxicity test of polycalcium, a mixed composition of polycan and calcium lactate-gluconate 1:9 (G/G) in SD rat. Cho, HR; Choi, IS; Choi, JS; Ha, YM; Kim, JW; Kim, KY; Ku, SK; Rha, CH, 2013)	0.62

Occurs in Manufacturing (329 Items)

Item	Process	Frequency
Beverages	core-ingredient	489
Plant-based foods and beverages	core-ingredient	403
Plant-based beverages	core-ingredient	348
Snacks	core-ingredient	286
Sweet snacks	core-ingredient	241
Confectioneries	core-ingredient	225
Fruit-based beverages	core-ingredient	149
Aloe Vera drinks	core-ingredient	119
Desserts	core-ingredient	73
Sweetened beverages	core-ingredient	69
Plant-based foods	core-ingredient	57
Artificially sweetened beverages	core-ingredient	56
Dairies	core-ingredient	53
Fermented foods	core-ingredient	52
Fermented milk products	core-ingredient	50
Fermented dairy desserts	core-ingredient	44
Dairy desserts	core-ingredient	44
Yogurts	core-ingredient	42
Waters	core-ingredient	38
Condiments	core-ingredient	37
Groceries	core-ingredient	35
Candies	core-ingredient	29
Sodas	core-ingredient	27
Carbonated drinks	core-ingredient	27
Fruits and vegetables based foods	core-ingredient	25
Frozen foods	core-ingredient	24
Juices and nectars	core-ingredient	22
Fruit juices	core-ingredient	21
Sauces	core-ingredient	21
Meals	core-ingredient	21
Fruits based foods	core-ingredient	21
Frozen desserts	core-ingredient	21
Energy drinks	core-ingredient	18
Dried products to be rehydrated	core-ingredient	16
Dried products	core-ingredient	16
Biscuits and cakes	core-ingredient	16
Cereals and potatoes	core-ingredient	15
Biscuits	core-ingredient	14
Meats and their products	core-ingredient	14
Meats	core-ingredient	13
Canned foods	core-ingredient	13
Salty snacks	core-ingredient	12
Dehydrated beverages	core-ingredient	12
Appetizers	core-ingredient	11
Prepared meats	core-ingredient	11
Orange juices	core-ingredient	10
Gummi candies	core-ingredient	10
Chips and fries	core-ingredient	10
Crisps	core-ingredient	9
Beverages and beverages preparations	core-ingredient	8
Non-alcoholic beverages	core-ingredient	8
Dairy substitutes	core-ingredient	7
Canned fruits	core-ingredient	7
Canned plant-based foods	core-ingredient	7
Soups	core-ingredient	7
Dietary drink for sport	core-ingredient	7
Breakfasts	core-ingredient	7
Stews	core-ingredient	6
Unsweetened beverages	core-ingredient	6
Canned soups	core-ingredient	6
Canned meals	core-ingredient	6
Dietary supplements	core-ingredient	6
Sausages	core-ingredient	6
Cheeses	core-ingredient	6
Greek-style yogurts	core-ingredient	6
Breads	core-ingredient	6
Vitamin waters	core-ingredient	6
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux	core-ingredient	6
Fruit and vegetable preserves	core-ingredient	6
Sweet spreads	core-ingredient	6
Plant-based spreads	core-ingredient	6
Spreads	core-ingredient	6
Cereals and their products	core-ingredient	5
Sports drink	core-ingredient	5
Dehydrated sauces	core-ingredient	4
Ice creams and sorbets	core-ingredient	4
Salad dressings	core-ingredient	4
Gummy bears	core-ingredient	4
Apple juices	core-ingredient	4
Dips	core-ingredient	4
Acid gummy candies	core-ingredient	4
Potato crisps	core-ingredient	4
Iced teas	core-ingredient	4
Tea-based beverages	core-ingredient	4
Seafood	core-ingredient	4
Bebidas de aloe vera	core-ingredient	4
Boissons	core-ingredient	4
Aliments d'origine végétale	core-ingredient	4
Soy sauces	core-ingredient	3
Vegetables based foods	core-ingredient	3
Plant-based milk alternatives	core-ingredient	3
Milk substitutes	core-ingredient	3
Ice creams	core-ingredient	3
Teas	core-ingredient	3
Hot beverages	core-ingredient	3
Salads	core-ingredient	3
Prepared salads	core-ingredient	3
Pasta dishes	core-ingredient	3
Bifidus yogurts	core-ingredient	3
Grape juices	core-ingredient	3
Jelly desserts	core-ingredient	3
Fruit juices from concentrate	core-ingredient	3
Cooking helpers	core-ingredient	3
Bebidas no alcohólicas	core-ingredient	3
Bebidas con sabor	core-ingredient	3
Fruit based foods	core-ingredient	3
Bebidas azucaradas	core-ingredient	3
Diet beverages	core-ingredient	3
Cheese substitutes	core-ingredient	3
Bodybuilding supplements	core-ingredient	3
Olives vertes	core-ingredient	3
Olives	core-ingredient	3
Pickles d'origine végétale	core-ingredient	3
Produits de l'olivier	core-ingredient	3
Pickles	core-ingredient	3
Meat analogues	core-ingredient	2
Meat alternatives	core-ingredient	2
Crackers	core-ingredient	2
Squeezed apple juices	core-ingredient	2
Squeezed juices	core-ingredient	2
Fruits	core-ingredient	2
Guacamole spice mix	core-ingredient	2
Spice Mix	core-ingredient	2
Spices	core-ingredient	2
Non-dairy yogurts	core-ingredient	2
Non-dairy fermented foods	core-ingredient	2
Non-dairy desserts	core-ingredient	2
Poultries	core-ingredient	2
Flavoured potato crisps	core-ingredient	2
Enriched apple juices	core-ingredient	2
Apple juices from concentrate	core-ingredient	2
Puddings	core-ingredient	2
Corn chips	core-ingredient	2
en:sweetened-beverages	core-ingredient	2
Cakes	core-ingredient	2
Salted snacks	core-ingredient	2
Legumes and their products	core-ingredient	2
Bebidas a base de frutas	core-ingredient	2
Bebidas de origen vegetal	core-ingredient	2
Bebidas	core-ingredient	2
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal	core-ingredient	2
Flavored waters	core-ingredient	2
Boissons à base de végétaux	core-ingredient	2
Energy drink without sugar and with artificial sweeteners	core-ingredient	2
en:aloe-vera-drinks	core-ingredient	2
Still fruit soft drinks	core-ingredient	2
Coconut waters	core-ingredient	2
Gelatin	core-ingredient	2
Thickeners	core-ingredient	2
Food additives	core-ingredient	2
Energy drink with sugar	core-ingredient	2
Nutritional Supplement	core-ingredient	2
Fruit jellies	core-ingredient	2
Breakfast sandwich	core-ingredient	1
Sandwiches	core-ingredient	1
Coconut-based drinks	core-ingredient	1
Tea bags	core-ingredient	1
Herbal teas	core-ingredient	1
Green teas	core-ingredient	1
Hams	core-ingredient	1
Ham substitutes	core-ingredient	1
Rice flours	core-ingredient	1
Cereal flours	core-ingredient	1
Flours	core-ingredient	1
Vitamins	core-ingredient	1
Low-fat yogurts	core-ingredient	1
Fruit bifidus yogurts	core-ingredient	1
Fermented dairy desserts with fruits	core-ingredient	1
Mandarin oranges	core-ingredient	1
Citrus	core-ingredient	1
en:candies	core-ingredient	1
Turkey sausages	core-ingredient	1
Turkey preparations	core-ingredient	1
Poultry sausages	core-ingredient	1
Turkeys	core-ingredient	1
Turkey and its products	core-ingredient	1
Meat preparations	core-ingredient	1
Eggs	core-ingredient	1
Farming products	core-ingredient	1
Hydrating drink	core-ingredient	1
Electrolyte beverage	core-ingredient	1
en: salés	core-ingredient	1
Naans	core-ingredient	1
Special breads	core-ingredient	1
Mandarins-in-orange-gel	core-ingredient	1
dairy	core-ingredient	1
Whole milk yogurts	core-ingredient	1
Candy	core-ingredient	1
en:salad-dressings	core-ingredient	1
Cottage cheeses	core-ingredient	1
Fresh cheeses	core-ingredient	1
Seitan	core-ingredient	1
Orange juice concentrate	core-ingredient	1
en:fruit-juices	core-ingredient	1
Bebidas endulzadas artificialmente	core-ingredient	1
Bebidas no azucaradas	core-ingredient	1
Bebidas de coco	core-ingredient	1
Cake mixes	core-ingredient	1
Dessert mixes	core-ingredient	1
Baking Mixes	core-ingredient	1
Pastry helpers	core-ingredient	1
Applesauces	core-ingredient	1
Apple compotes	core-ingredient	1
Compotes	core-ingredient	1
Popcorn	core-ingredient	1
Roasted-fava-beans	core-ingredient	1
Broad beans	core-ingredient	1
Legumes	core-ingredient	1
Cranberry juices	core-ingredient	1
Refresco	core-ingredient	1
Guava nectars	core-ingredient	1
Fruit nectars	core-ingredient	1
Open Products Facts	core-ingredient	1
Non food products	core-ingredient	1
Rice dishes	core-ingredient	1
Simple syrups	core-ingredient	1
Syrups	core-ingredient	1
Sweeteners	core-ingredient	1
Seaweed crisps	core-ingredient	1
Boissons avec sucre ajouté	core-ingredient	1
Boissons sans alcool	core-ingredient	1
Japanese candy	core-ingredient	1
Frozen seafood	core-ingredient	1
en:Waters	core-ingredient	1
en:Beverages	core-ingredient	1
Vanilla ice cream tubs	core-ingredient	1
Ice cream tubs	core-ingredient	1
breath mint	core-ingredient	1
Aloe vera-based beverages	core-ingredient	1
Egg substitutes	core-ingredient	1
Bebidas de aloe vera sugar free	core-ingredient	1
Mixed vegetables	core-ingredient	1
Cocoa and chocolate powders	core-ingredient	1
Cocoa and its products	core-ingredient	1
Algennudeln	core-ingredient	1
Glutenfreie Nudeln	core-ingredient	1
Glutenfrei	core-ingredient	1
en:Products for specific diets	core-ingredient	1
Teigwaren	core-ingredient	1
en:Specific products	core-ingredient	1
Getreideprodukte	core-ingredient	1
Getreide und Kartoffeln	core-ingredient	1
Pflanzliche Lebensmittel	core-ingredient	1
Pflanzliche Lebensmittel und Getränke	core-ingredient	1
Pork chipolatas	core-ingredient	1
Chipolatas	core-ingredient	1
French sausages	core-ingredient	1
Culinary plants	core-ingredient	1
Coffee soy-based drinks	core-ingredient	1
Soy-based drinks	core-ingredient	1
Legume-based drinks	core-ingredient	1
en:jelly-desserts	core-ingredient	1
Electrolyte drink	core-ingredient	1
en:dietary-supplements	core-ingredient	1
en:semi-skimmed-milks	core-ingredient	1
Milks	core-ingredient	1
Leche entera	core-ingredient	1
Leches	core-ingredient	1
Lácteos	core-ingredient	1
Ready sliced vegan cheese	core-ingredient	1
Vegan-sliced-cheese	core-ingredient	1
Energy Powder	core-ingredient	1
Protein powders	core-ingredient	1
Marinade Seasoning	core-ingredient	1
en:Baby milks in powder	core-ingredient	1
en:Infant formulas	core-ingredient	1
en:Baby milks	core-ingredient	1
Żywność dla niemowląt	core-ingredient	1
en:cheeses	core-ingredient	1
plant based	core-ingredient	1
white slices	core-ingredient	1
Strawberry milks	core-ingredient	1
Flavoured milks	core-ingredient	1
Dairy drinks	core-ingredient	1
Yogurts with cereals	core-ingredient	1
édulcorées	core-ingredient	1
Still fruit soft drink with less than 10% of fruit juice without sugar and with artificial sweeten	core-ingredient	1
Carbonated fruit soft drink with sugar	core-ingredient	1
Carbonated fruit soft drink	core-ingredient	1
Cooked chicken	core-ingredient	1
Cooked poultries	core-ingredient	1
Chickens	core-ingredient	1
Skewers	core-ingredient	1
Chicken and its products	core-ingredient	1
Cooked meats	core-ingredient	1
Mueslis with chocolate	core-ingredient	1
Mueslis	core-ingredient	1
Breakfast cereals	core-ingredient	1
Apricot jams	core-ingredient	1
Jams	core-ingredient	1
Olives vertes en saumure	core-ingredient	1
Olives vertes entières	core-ingredient	1
Olives entières	core-ingredient	1
Conserves	core-ingredient	1
Nutritional	core-ingredient	1
fr:Chips ondulées	core-ingredient	1
Potato crisps in sunflower oil	core-ingredient	1
Chips de pommes de terre à l'hu	core-ingredient	1
Chips de pommes de terre aromatisées	core-ingredient	1
Chips de pommes de terre	core-ingredient	1
Chips	core-ingredient	1
Chips et frites	core-ingredient	1
Amuse-gueules	core-ingredient	1
Snacks salés	core-ingredient	1
Céréales et pommes de terre	core-ingredient	1
Corn	core-ingredient	1
Cereal grains	core-ingredient	1
Seeds	core-ingredient	1
s	core-ingredient	1
Juice	core-ingredient	1
en:artificially-sweetened-beverages	core-ingredient	1
Still fruit s	core-ingredient	1
Tropical fruits	core-ingredient	1
getränke	core-ingredient	1
Gezuckerte Getränke	core-ingredient	1
Limonaden	core-ingredient	1
Erfrischungsgetränke	core-ingredient	1
Kohlensäurehaltige Getränke	core-ingredient	1
Carbonated soft drinks without fruit juice with sugar and artificial sweeteners	core-ingredient	1
Carbonated soft drinks without fruit juice	core-ingredient	1
Multifruit juices	core-ingredient	1
Soft cookies	core-ingredient	1
Ion Supply drink	core-ingredient	1
Bottled water flavoured with sugar	core-ingredient	1
en:coconut-waters	core-ingredient	1
Rice crackers	core-ingredient	1
en:confectioneries	core-ingredient	1
Nuts	core-ingredient	1
Nuts and their products	core-ingredient	1

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.6032	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224849
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.1518	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069; AID743075; AID743079
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	8.4946	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	75.7083	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	6 (3.61)	18.7374
1990's	13 (7.83)	18.2507
2000's	61 (36.75)	29.6817
2010's	68 (40.96)	24.3611
2020's	18 (10.84)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	28 (15.91%)	5.53%
Reviews	4 (2.27%)	6.00%
Case Studies	10 (5.68%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	134 (76.14%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.41	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
beta-alanine [no description available]	3.21	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.13	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
choline [no description available]	2.41	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	4.82	7	1	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.04	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	7.16	27	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	4.61	3	2	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	2.55	2	0	inositol phosphate
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.25	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.07	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.87	2	1	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.01	1	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.04	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2.41	2	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
taurine [no description available]	2	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.15	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	4.74	2	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	4.08	3	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	5.01	3	3	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	2	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.85	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.11	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
ipriflavone ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.	3.38	1	1	aromatic ether; isoflavones	bone density conservation agent
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	4.08	3	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
pamidronate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.44	2	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.02	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	10.61	6	3	fluoride salt	mutagen
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	4.14	3	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.31	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	2.44	2	0	calcium salt	chelator
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	8.13	5	0	lactose
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	3.21	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
mannitol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
ethylamine ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.1	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	human metabolite
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	7.17	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.41	1	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	8.41	1	1
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
lactobionic acid [no description available]	2.8	3	0	disaccharide	antioxidant
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
thiazoles [no description available]	2	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
calcium gluconate [no description available]	5.95	13	2	calcium salt	nutraceutical
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	3.89	12	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.78	3	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	3.03	4	0	organic molecular entity
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.05	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
calcium citrate Calcium Citrate: A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed). calcium citrate : An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.	8.14	5	0	organic calcium salt	flavouring agent; food additive; food preservative; nutraceutical
potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.	3.56	2	0	potassium salt	diuretic
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2	1	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.05	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
calcium propionate [no description available]	2.41	2	0	dicarboxylic acid
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.21	1	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.41	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.08	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	3.45	1	1	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.08	1	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	2.01	1	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	2.01	1	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	5.84	8	3	calcium phosphate
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.01	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	9.41	1	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
calcium nitrate calcium nitrate: an amylopsin activator. calcium nitrate : Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.	2.25	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic nitrate salt	fertilizer
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.21	1	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
fluorides [no description available]	6.62	9	6	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.44	2	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2	1	0	organic calcium salt
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	2.17	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	2.97	1	0
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
calpeptin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	amino acid amide
deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source	3.47	1	1
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.31	1	0	iron coordination entity
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	3.87	2	1
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2	1	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	3.37	2	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	5.02	2	1	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium acetate Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions	2.15	1	0	potassium salt	food acidity regulator
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	3.45	1	1	diphosphate ion
quinine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	5.31	2	2	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.57	2	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	6.92	1	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.41	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	7.31	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	9.7	6	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	2.42	2	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.17	1	0
calcium ascorbate calcium ascorbate: various prepartions exist for drugs listed under this heading	7.31	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.7	3	0	glycoside
aluminum lactate aluminum lactate: RN given refers to compound with unknown number of aluminum atoms	1.93	1	0	aluminium coordination entity; lactate salt
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	7.11	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	3.79	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.15	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	9.35	6	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
lactisole lactisole: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	4.41	1	1
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	7.03	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	7.78	3	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.13	1	0
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	2.21	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.17	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	3.87	2	1
gibberellins [no description available]	2.17	1	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	2.31	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Anastomotic Leak Breakdown of the connection and subsequent leakage of effluent (fluids, secretions, air) from a SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems. Most common leakages are from the breakdown of suture lines in gastrointestinal or bowel anastomosis.	0	2.6	1	0
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	4.55	1	1
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	0	4.55	1	1
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	2.25	1	0
Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.7	1	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	3.24	5	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	3.24	5	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	2.17	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	2.17	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	4.41	2	2
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	5.02	3	3
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	5.02	3	3
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	0	2.08	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	4.8	2	1
Ache [description not available]	0	4.39	1	1
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	0	4.39	1	1
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	4.39	1	1
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	0	4.39	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	4.33	4	1
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	2.1	1	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	0	9.69	3	2
Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)	0	5.3	4	3
Asialia [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	0	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	2.11	1	0
Adult Rickets [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	4.16	3	1
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	2.11	1	0
Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.	0	2.11	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.11	1	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	0	4.16	3	1
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Cramp [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.	0	2.11	1	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.95	4	0
Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)	0	2.11	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	2.11	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	4.41	1	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	4.41	1	1
Bezoars Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.	0	2.11	1	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	2.11	1	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.11	1	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.11	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.	0	2.48	2	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	4.84	2	1
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	4.84	2	1
Metastase [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	2.15	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	0	3.37	2	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Clubfeet [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	0	2.04	1	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	0	2.04	1	0
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.	0	2.04	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	2.04	1	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	0	2.04	1	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	0	3.81	2	1
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.	0	2.05	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.	0	2.05	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	2.9	4	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	0	2.05	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	2.97	1	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	0	2.05	1	0
Lichen Ruber Planus [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Lichen Planus An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.	0	6.92	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Milk Fever, Animal [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	0	2.93	1	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	2.93	1	0
Palsy [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	0	1.93	1	0
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	0	4.36	2	2
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	3.4	1	1
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	0	4.36	2	2
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	7.93	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	0	2.93	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	2.93	1	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	2.02	1	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	4.38	2	2
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	1	6.38	2	2
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	7.03	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	3.42	1	1
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	3.42	1	1
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	4.64	3	2
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	4.64	3	2
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy [description not available]	0	5.04	5	0
Pseudohypoparathyroidism A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.	0	5.04	5	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	2	1	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	1.98	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	1.98	1	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	0	1.98	1	0
Laryngeal Spasm [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Laryngismus A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.	0	2	1	0
Albright Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.	0	2.01	1	0
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	0	2.01	1	0

calcium lactate

Cross-References

Synonyms (70)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (329 Items)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (124)

Molecular Functions (34)

Ceullar Components (19)

Research

Studies (166)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 56.30

Study Types

calcium lactate

Cross-References

Synonyms (70)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (329 Items)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (124)

Molecular Functions (34)

Ceullar Components (19)

Research

Studies (166)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 56.30

Study Types

Related Drugs (113)

Related Conditions (124)