Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Fournier Disease

An acute necrotic infection of the SCROTUM; PENIS; or PERINEUM. It is characterized by scrotum pain and redness with rapid progression to gangrene and sloughing of tissue. Fournier gangrene is usually secondary to perirectal or periurethral infections associated with local trauma, operative procedures, or urinary tract disease.

Synonyms(4)

Synonym
Fournier's Disease
Fournier Gangrene
Fournier Disease
Fournier's Gangrene

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"This suggests that Fournier's gangrene is related to some form of localized vasculitis, and represents a local Shwartzman phenomenon."( Diepgen, TL; Hornstein, OP; Schultz, ES; von den Driesch, P, 1995)
"Fournier's gangrene is described as a fulminant necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotum and penis."( Aouad, K; Jaffarbey, J; Lévy, V; Zittoun, R, 1998)
"Fournier's disease is a potentially fatal acute, gangrenous infection of the scrotum, penis, or perineum associated with a synergistic bacterial infection of the subcutaneous fat and superficial fascia."( Carrillo, EH; Olsofka, JN; Polk, HC; Spain, DA, 1999)
"Fournier's gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotum or perineum that may extend by way of the fascial planes to the penis and the anterior abdominal wall up to the clavicles, buttocks, or lower extremities."( Jeong, HJ, 2004)
"Fournier gangrene is a life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal-scrotal area that occurs in diabetic males."( Marinella, MA, 2005)
"Fournier's gangrene is still a severe disease."( As, A; Ayan, F; Cetinkale, O; Paksoy, SM; Polat, SS; Sakoglu, N; Sirin, F; Sunamak, O, 2005)
"Fournier gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal and genital region, which almost exclusively affects men."( Aschoff, R; Baldauf, A; Leike, S; Meurer, M; Wirth, MP, 2006)
"Fournier's gangrene is an aggressive form of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal, perianal or genital regions, usually caused by a polymicrobial infection that includes virulent organisms."( Diab, AI; Safioleas, MC; Safioleas, PM; Stamatakos, MC, 2006)
"Fournier's gangrene is uncommon in pediatric age group, and little is known about the disease in the newborn period and infancy."( Agir, H; Ekingen, G; Günlemez, A; Isken, T; Oncel, S, 2008)
"Fournier's Gangrene is a rare process having an unknown origin which affects soft tissue in the genital and perirectal area."( Lorente Fernández, G; Rodríguez Cancio, MC; Verdú Moresco, A, 2008)
"Fournier's gangrene is a rare but life-threatening disease characterized by necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal area."( Florez, ID; Garcés, C; Gómez, C; Muñoz, JD, 2010)
"Fournier's gangrene is an acute, rapidly progressive, and potentially fatal, infective necrotizing fasciitis affecting the external genitalia, perineal or perianal regions."( Aslanidis, T; Giannakou-Peftoulidou, M; Myrou, A, 2014)
"Fournier's gangrene is not a common cause of morbidity in renal transplant recipients, but, if it occurs, it is difficult to treat because of the immunosuppression and associated increased mortality rate."( Drakopoulos, S; Grigorakis, A; Koukoulaki, M; Papadimitriou, G; Vardas, K; Vougas, V, 2015)
"Fournier gangrene is a rare, rapidly progressive, life-threatening condition."( Chojnicki, M; Haponiuk, I; Irga-Jaworska, N; Jaworski, R; Naumiuk, Ł, 2017)
"Fournier gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis that affects the genital, perineal and perianal regions, of sudden onset and rapidly progressive dissemination."( Fernández Berisso, S; Liern, M; Moreno, MS; Padilla, ME; Podestá, ML; Trinitario, LP; Vietri, AB, 2020)
"BACKGROUND Fournier's gangrene is an idiopathic form of necrotizing fasciitis involving the genital and perineal regions; it is associated with high complication and mortality rates."( Felicia, FV; Hartoyo, E, 2022)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"We report a case of Fournier's gangrene, histologically characterized by a necrotizing vasculitis, in which surgical resection of the necrotic tissue and antibiotic treatment failed to halt progression of the disease, whereas complete remission was achieved by high-dose corticosteroid therapy."( Diepgen, TL; Hornstein, OP; Schultz, ES; von den Driesch, P, 1995)
"Recently, we experienced a case of Fournier's gangrene associated with sparganosis in the scrotum, which was treated with antibiotics and extensive debridement including removal of a white, flat, shiny sparganum worm."( Jeong, HJ, 2004)
"In our clinic, 25 patients with Fournier's gangrene were treated between 1995 and 2000."( Arslan, M; Ayder, AR; Suelozgen, T; Yeniyol, CO, 2004)
"Most cases of Fournier gangrene are polymicrobic and require urgent surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy."( Marinella, MA, 2005)
"Forty-one patients with Fournier's gangrene were reviewed on the parameters of age, sex, aetiological agents, predisposing factors, treatment modalities and outcomes."( As, A; Ayan, F; Cetinkale, O; Paksoy, SM; Polat, SS; Sakoglu, N; Sirin, F; Sunamak, O, 2005)
"Between 1995 and 2010, 40 patients with Fournier's gangrene were treated in our institution."( Ben Jdidia, G; Gammoudi, A; Horchani, A; Maalla, R; Sallami, S; Tarhouni, L, 2012)
"Fifteen patients with Fournier's gangrene were treated in this study."( Ceylan, E; Copçu, E; Irkören, S; Sivrioğlu, N; Sonel, AM, 2013)
"A few days later, he developed Fournier's gangrene and urgent radical surgical debridement of the scrotum was performed, along with aggressive antibiotic regimen and the immunosuppressive treatment was modified."( Drakopoulos, S; Grigorakis, A; Koukoulaki, M; Papadimitriou, G; Vardas, K; Vougas, V, 2015)
"The patient was treated for Fournier's gangrene and diabetic ketoacidosis."( Kasbawala, K; Majumdar, SK; Stamatiades, GA, 2020)

Research

Studies (81)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19901 (1.23)23.3326
1990's8 (9.88)12.5806
2000's21 (25.93)18.1394
2010's38 (46.91)28.8240
2020's13 (16.05)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
uric acid0low10
urea0low50
fluconazole0low20
fluorouracil0low30
gentamicin0low20
glimepiride0low10
ibuprofen0low10
meperidine0low10
metformin0low20
metronidazole0low40
pioglitazone0low10
prednisolone0low10
prednisone0low10
biguanides0low10
sucrose0low10
methicillin0low10
arginine0low10
isoprene0low10
methylprednisolone0low10
penicillanic acid0low20
sulfan blue0low10
c.i. 425100low10
arsenic trioxide0low10
vancomycin0low10
streptomycin0low10
vantocil0low10
octyl 2-cyanoacrylate0low10
gadolinium0low10
camptothecin0low10
cefazolin0low10
amoxicillin0low10
tobramycin0low10
amikacin0low10
piperacillin0low20
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer0low30
cephalosporin c0low30
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low20
oxazolidin-2-one0low10
fibrinogen0low10
mci 90380low10
imipenem, anhydrous0low20
tadalafil0low10
tazobactam0low20
povidone-iodine0low30
linezolid0low10
tretinoin0low50
cocaine0low20
clindamycin0low50
l 743,8720low20
dipyrone0low30
zinc oxide0low10
bilirubin0low10
alprostadil0low10
meprednisone0low10
cefotaxime0low30
ppi-09030low10
dapagliflozin0low20
linagliptin0low10
empagliflozin0low10
ro13-99040low20
canagliflozin0low20
levoleucovorin0low30

Protein Targets (810)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
TDP1 protein160016
AR protein190019
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]150015
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha270027
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma100010
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3016016
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4016018
Bile salt export pump021021
Cellular tumor antigen p53140014
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0101
Prostacyclin receptor0112
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0112
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1014014
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A10001
peripheral myelin protein 226006
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 16006
lamin isoform A-delta10140014
Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase 0001
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase6006
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE7007
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase7007
Beta-lactamase 0103
Beta-lactamase 0106
Beta-lactamase 0004
Beta-lactamase 0106
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA14004
Beta-lactamase 0003
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
DNA polymerase eta isoform 13003
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)8008
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor6006
plasminogen precursor6006
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor6006
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 14004
Bile salt export pump0404
Beta-lactamase SHV-10104
Beta-lactamase SHV-10207
Cytochrome P450 2C9 09111
Beta-lactamase0106
Kappa-type opioid receptor0005
Solute carrier family 15 member 10505
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Cytochrome P450 2J20303
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0004
Solute carrier family 15 member 20303
Beta-lactamase 0104
Beta-lactamase 0004
Solute carrier family 15 member 20303
Beta-lactamase 0104
Beta-lactamase 0005
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
thioredoxin reductase8008
phosphopantetheinyl transferase5005
NFKB1 protein, partial3003
GLS protein5005
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor6006
alpha-galactosidase2002
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2100010
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor3003
chromobox protein homolog 1100010
flap endonuclease 15005
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
lethal factor (plasmid)3003
Cytochrome P450 3A40316
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0002
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0001
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0013
Cationic amino acid transporter 30101
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 24004
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2100010
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE4004
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase5005
Chain A, HADH2 protein3003
Chain B, HADH2 protein3003
Chain A, Cruzipain3003
USP1 protein, partial7007
Microtubule-associated protein tau6006
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1130013
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA8008
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
Caspase-71001
Inositol monophosphatase 14004
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30203
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10304
GLI family zinc finger 3150015
progesterone receptor7007
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha9009
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha140014
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a130013
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1120012
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit8008
Glutamate receptor 28008
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 57007
Ataxin-27007
Chain A, Ferritin light chain4004
DNA topoisomerase 0101
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
Fumarate hydratase2002
PPM1D protein3003
Thrombopoietin2002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)5005
regulator of G-protein signaling 44004
EWS/FLI fusion protein9009
polyprotein2002
67.9K protein3003
glucocerebrosidase2002
putative alpha-glucosidase1001
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 14004
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 13003
hemoglobin subunit beta2002
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a4004
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 11001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 29009
huntingtin isoform 23003
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform 1 precursor0011
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 16006
geminin150015
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 15005
M-phase phosphoprotein 82002
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 16006
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi5106
Telomerase reverse transcriptase0101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk10011
Histone deacetylase 30202
Type-2 restriction enzyme ScaI0101
Deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha0101
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 20101
Deoxyribonuclease-10101
Type-2 restriction enzyme PstI0101
Type-2 restriction enzyme EcoRI0101
Prothrombin0214
DNA ligase0101
Interferon beta130013
Integrin beta-34004
Integrin alpha-IIb4004
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A10011
DNA topoisomerase 10116
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-15106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta5106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-25106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-55106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-35106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-15106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-25106
Type-2 restriction enzyme BamHI0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-45106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-35106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-65106
Somatostatin receptor type 10101
Somatostatin receptor type 20101
Somatostatin receptor type 40101
Somatostatin receptor type 30101
Somatostatin receptor type 50101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0404
Type-2 restriction enzyme HindIII0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
Histone deacetylase 40202
Ribonuclease pancreatic0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-15106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-35106
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-25106
DNA topoisomerase 2-beta0001
DNA topoisomerase 10102
Histone deacetylase 10202
DNA topoisomerase 10101
Integrase 0202
Histone deacetylase 70202
GABA theta subunit5106
Histone deacetylase 20202
DNA topoisomerase type IB small subunit 0011
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100202
Histone deacetylase 11 0202
Histone deacetylase 80202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon5106
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 10101
Histone deacetylase 60202
Histone deacetylase 90202
Histone deacetylase 50202
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 10235
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 20336
Spike glycoprotein4004
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A3003
Luciferase7007
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma9009
Smad33003
cytochrome P450 2D66006
Solute carrier family 22 member 60303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60304
Solute carrier family 22 member 80505
Solute carrier family 22 member 110202
Solute carrier family 22 member 80202
Beta-lactamase 0305
Beta-lactamase 0104
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0104
Beta-lactamase 0105
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20004
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0003
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20003
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19 0004
Beta-lactamase 0104
Beta-lactamase 0004
Metallo-beta-lactamase0003
Beta-lactamase 0104
Beta-lactamase0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50101
Beta-lactamase0102
Beta-lactamase0205
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase TEM0204
Beta-lactamase0102
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130004
Beta-lactamase 0104
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20004
Metallo-beta-lactamase0003
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Metallo-b-lactamase 0005
BlaVIM-1 0004
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0104
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0005
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0004
Beta-lactamase 0203
Albumin0134
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0104
Beta-lactamase Toho-10001
Solute carrier family 22 member 70101
Beta-lactamase 0104
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0205
Histamine H3 receptor0003
Solute carrier family 22 member 70101
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40303
Chain A, CHIMERA OF IG KAPPA CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain B, CHIMERA OF IG GAMMA-1 CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain H, Fab M82G2, Heavy chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82G2, Light chain0011
Chain H, Fab M82g2, Heavy Chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82g2, Light Chain0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0202
Amyloid-beta precursor protein1304
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20202
D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0404
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Liver carboxylesterase 10002
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0213
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0303
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0405
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40202
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0202
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20505
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0202
Transporter0303
Cholinesterase0213
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 20011
Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 20101
Solute carrier family 5 member 40101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit7007
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)6006
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3100010
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 48008
farnesoid X nuclear receptor5005
G110011
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta7007
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)7007
Histone H2A.x7007
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor3003
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d4004
heat shock protein beta-14004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 110011
NAD0101
Urease0101
NAD0102
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10202
Histamine H2 receptor4004
ATP phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 70101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] 0202
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1110011
G-protein coupled receptor 350112
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial110011
acetylcholinesterase8008
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A10011
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1120012
pregnane X nuclear receptor150015
unnamed protein product0101
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 34004
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 10011
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 32002
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
Beta-lactamase0202
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase0101
Heme oxygenase 1 0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0112
Aromatase0202
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Heme oxygenase 20101
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic0101
Cytochrome P450 1440011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Mycocyclosin synthase0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
TAR DNA-binding protein 435005
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0213
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0112
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
likely tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase0101
Chain A, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0101
interleukin 82002
endonuclease IV2002
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
Skn7p0001
pregnane X receptor3003
nonstructural protein 14004
arylsulfatase A4004
IDH15005
Vpr4004
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Epidermal growth factor receptor0202
Thymidylate synthase0101
HSP40, subfamily A [Plasmodium falciparum 3D7]0001
SMAD family member 22002
SMAD family member 32002
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G3003
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Asialoglycoprotein receptor 10112
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor5005
aryl hydrocarbon receptor7007
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 13003
snurportin-13003
Acid-sensing ion channel 30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0202
Albumin0102
Albumin0011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0102
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70001
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Adenosine receptor A10101
Caspase-10101
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Substance-P receptor0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0102
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
Caspase-30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10101
Caspase-40101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
Caspase-50101
Caspase-90101
Acid-sensing ion channel 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase IMP-1 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Dipeptidyl peptidase 90101
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV0101
Cytochrome P450 1A20214
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 20101
Cytochrome P450 2D60214
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 10101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40213
Prolyl endopeptidase0101
Prolyl endopeptidase FAP0101
Prolyl endopeptidase FAP0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 80101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 90101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 20101
streptokinase A precursor0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0404
30S ribosomal protein S60101
30S ribosomal protein S70101
50S ribosomal protein L150101
Estrogen receptor0011
50S ribosomal protein L100101
50S ribosomal protein L110101
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120101
50S ribosomal protein L190101
50S ribosomal protein L10101
50S ribosomal protein L200101
50S ribosomal protein L270101
50S ribosomal protein L280101
50S ribosomal protein L290101
50S ribosomal protein L310101
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0101
50S ribosomal protein L320101
50S ribosomal protein L330101
50S ribosomal protein L340101
50S ribosomal protein L350101
50S ribosomal protein L360101
30S ribosomal protein S100101
30S ribosomal protein S110101
30S ribosomal protein S120101
30S ribosomal protein S130101
30S ribosomal protein S160101
30S ribosomal protein S180101
30S ribosomal protein S190101
30S ribosomal protein S200101
30S ribosomal protein S20101
30S ribosomal protein S30101
30S ribosomal protein S40101
30S ribosomal protein S50101
30S ribosomal protein S80101
30S ribosomal protein S90101
50S ribosomal protein L130101
50S ribosomal protein L140101
50S ribosomal protein L160101
50S ribosomal protein L230101
30S ribosomal protein S150101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
50S ribosomal protein L170101
50S ribosomal protein L210101
50S ribosomal protein L300101
50S ribosomal protein L60101
30S ribosomal protein S140101
30S ribosomal protein S170101
30S ribosomal protein S10101
50S ribosomal protein L180101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0202
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0404
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0303
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 2C190113
50S ribosomal protein L20101
50S ribosomal protein L30101
50S ribosomal protein L240101
50S ribosomal protein L40101
50S ribosomal protein L220101
50S ribosomal protein L50101
30S ribosomal protein S210101
50S ribosomal protein L250101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0404
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0404
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0505
50S ribosomal protein L36 20101
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A0101
Estrogen receptor beta0011
Renin0101
Prothrombin 0101
Coagulation factor X0202
Plasminogen0101
Tissue-type plasminogen activator0101
Cationic trypsin0101
Trypsin-10101
Trypsin-20101
Trypsin-30101
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0202
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0112
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 10001
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Chain E, Fibrin beta chain0101
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
T cell receptor, partial1001
luteinizing hormone receptor1001
integrase, partial0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase0001
TSHR protein1001
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 10101
thioredoxin glutathione reductase4004
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease3003
hypothetical protein, conserved2002
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial2002
luciferase1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
caspase-33003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
activating transcription factor 62002
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a1001
neutrophil cytosol factor 10101
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a5005
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursor0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 32002
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
DNA polymerase beta1001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 13003
caspase-3 isoform a preproprotein0101
protein AF-9 isoform a0002
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
POsterior Segregation0011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Glutathione reductase0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0102
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain1001
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0102
Microtubule-associated protein tau0112
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0404
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0303
Cruzipain0101
Alpha-synuclein2103
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0404
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0102
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 0102
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
phosphoglycerate kinase2002
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Glucocorticoid receptor06213
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10606
Androgen receptor0303
Glycine receptor subunit beta0606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30606
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Thioredoxin reductase 0101
Flavodoxin0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2114
Snake venom metalloproteinase BaP10101
NAD(+) hydrolase SARM10202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10101
tyrosine-protein kinase Yes1001
Free fatty acid receptor 10011
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0101
Carbonic anhydrase 20213
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40011
Steryl-sulfatase0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10101
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A 0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha0101
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0225
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0112
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha0112
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 20101
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10202
Beta-lactamase OXA-70001
Class D beta-lactamase0102
Beta-lactamase 0001
luciferase0001
Estrogen receptor0202
Progesterone receptor0203
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0213
Androgen receptor0202
Glutamine synthetase0011
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Nociceptin receptor0011
Estrogen receptor beta0202
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0001
Chain A, MALTOPORIN0011
Chain B, MALTOPORIN0011
Carbonic anhydrase 90112
nonstructural protein 10101
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
Chain B, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
Chain A, cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Chain A, cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Phosphodiesterase 0101
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta0101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0112
High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A0101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0213
High affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A0101
High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B0101
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma0101
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha0101
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A 0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 10101
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha0101
Cone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha'0101
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma0101
Retinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma0101
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta0101
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Cone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha'0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 10101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A0101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0101
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C0101
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B0101
High affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A0101
Retinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma0101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0101
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A0101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta0101
Dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7B0101
cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10011
Beta-lactamase 0101
B2 bradykinin receptor0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Beta-lactamase OXA-10102
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0101
Metallo-beta-lactamase L1 type 30101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Protein Rev 0011
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta0101
Parkin1001
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
Caspase-71001
caspase-31001
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
60 kDa chaperonin0101
Adenosine receptor A30202
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0227
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0202
Retinoic acid receptor beta0227
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0227
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0224
Retinoic acid receptor beta0123
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0123
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10102
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0202
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10213
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0202
60 kDa chaperonin 0202
10 kDa chaperonin 0202
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20101
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta0101
Urease subunit alpha0101
Urease subunit beta0101
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 90112
Guanine deaminase0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptidase0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]