Page last updated: 2024-10-24

tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group. [ISBN:0198506732]

Tetrahydrofolate (THF) biosynthesis is a critical metabolic pathway that produces tetrahydrofolic acid (THF), a crucial coenzyme involved in various cellular processes, including DNA synthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. THF is derived from dihydrofolate (DHF) through a two-step reduction catalyzed by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). This process involves the transfer of electrons from NADPH to DHF, resulting in the formation of THF. The biosynthesis of THF can be divided into two major steps: 1. The synthesis of dihydrofolate (DHF): DHF is synthesized from dihydropteroate and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) through a series of enzymatic reactions. The first step involves the condensation of dihydropteroate and PABA to form dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). 2. The reduction of DHF to THF: DHF is then reduced to THF by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). DHFR is a highly conserved enzyme found in all living organisms. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and requires the presence of a reducing agent, such as NADPH. The reduction of DHF to THF is essential for the function of THF in various metabolic pathways. THF acts as a one-carbon carrier in various metabolic reactions. It accepts and transfers one-carbon units at different oxidation states, facilitating the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, amino acids, and other essential biomolecules. The tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process is tightly regulated, ensuring that sufficient levels of THF are available for cellular function. The availability of THF is critical for cell growth and proliferation. Disruptions in this pathway can lead to various diseases and disorders, including folate deficiency, anemia, neural tube defects, and cancer. The biosynthesis of THF is a vital process that underpins numerous essential metabolic reactions. Understanding this pathway is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases. '
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Proteins (9)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinaseA 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P26281]Escherichia coli K-12
Dihydropteroate synthaseA dihydropteroate synthase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0AC13]Escherichia coli K-12
Dihydrofolate reductaseA dihydrofolate reductase folA that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0ABQ4]Escherichia coli K-12
Dihydrofolate synthase/folylpolyglutamate synthaseA dihydrofolate synthase/folylpolyglutamate synthase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P08192]Escherichia coli K-12
Dihydrofolate reductase A protein that is a translation product of the DHFR gene in cow. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00376]Bos taurus (cattle)
Dihydrofolate reductaseA dihydrofolate reductase that is encoded in the genome of chicken. [PRO:DAN]Gallus gallus (chicken)
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATICA bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P31939]Homo sapiens (human)
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3A trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P22102]Homo sapiens (human)
Dihydrofolate reductaseA dihydrofolate reductase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN, UniProtKB:P00374]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (89)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
hippuric acidhippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591

N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.
N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
phenytoinimidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
ag 1295quinoxaline derivativegeroprotector
chloroquinechloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
diclofenacdiclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.

Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.
amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound
antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
diflunisaldiflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.

Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
etodolacetodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.

Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fenbufenfenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd4-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
biphenyls
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ibuprofenMidol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeinemonocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
lamotrigine1,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine
anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
mefenamic acidmefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.
aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound
analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
metforminmetformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.

Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)
guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methazolamideMethazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
doxorubicin hydrochloridefolic acids
pd 1530354-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source

PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
bromobenzenes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pyrimethamineMaloprim: contains above 2 cpdsaminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
riluzoleRiluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.benzothiazoles
imatinibaromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sulfacetamidesulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.

Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazolesulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.

Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)
isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide;
sulfonamide antibiotic
antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazinesulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.

Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)
sulfathiazolesulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.

Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.
1,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide;
sulfonamide antibiotic
antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimethoprimtrimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.

Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.
aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes
antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexateTrimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.
veratridinesteroidsodium channel modulator
tryptophantryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.

Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan;
tryptophan zwitterion
antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenforminphenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.

Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)
biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
cycloguanilcycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.

cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source
triazinesantifolate;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
D-tryptophanD-alpha-amino acid;
tryptophan;
tryptophan zwitterion
bacterial metabolite
congo redCongo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.

Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.
bis(azo) compound
4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine: structure in first source
diaveridinediaveridine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring carries amino substituents at C-2 and C-4 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at C-5. A folic acid antagonist, it is used as a synergist with sulfonamides against the parasitic Eimeria species.

diaveridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
aminopyrimidineantiparasitic agent;
drug allergen
piritreximpiritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source
brequinarbrequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid
anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
epigallocatechin gallate(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.

epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis)
flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
2,4-diaminoquinazoline
aica ribonucleotideAICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.

AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity
1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole
cardiovascular drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetroxoprimtetroxoprim: structure given in Negwer 5th ed, #6419dimethoxybenzene
isocytosine2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring bears amino and hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 4, respectively.aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone
2,4-diaminopyrimidine2,6-diaminopyrimidine: structure in first source

pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4.
aminopyrimidine
metioprim
aditoprimaditoprim: structure given in first source
brodimoprimbrodimoprim : An aminopyrimidine that is 2,4-diaminopyrimidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl group.

brodimoprim: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
aminopyrimidine;
bromobenzenes;
methoxybenzenes
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
epiroprimepiroprim: an analog of trimethoprim with improved antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic properties; structure given in first source
methylbenzoprimmethylbenzoprim: structure given in first source
sori 8895SoRI 8895: RN in first source
sori 8890SoRI 8890: RN in first source
iodophthalein
isoguanineisoguanine : An oxopurine that is 3,7-dihydro-purin-2-one in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by an amino group.

isoguanine: structure
oxopurine
2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine: structure given in first source
2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-s-triazine2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-s-triazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source
10-deazaaminopterin
epicatechin gallate(-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.

epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea
catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
wr 99210BRL 6231: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM & N1 refer to HCl; synonym BRL 51084 refers to (mono-HBr); structure
methotrexatedicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines
abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source

pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
naproxennaproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.

Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.
methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
n-(4-(n-((2,4-diaminofuro(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)glutamic acidN-(4-(N-((2,4-diaminofuro(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)glutamic acid: structure given in first source
5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide: purine precursor1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
aminopterinAminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer

N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the amino group of L-glutamic acid.
dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline
iclaprim5-[(2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine that is 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl group.

iclaprim : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-iclaprim. Both enantiomers exhibit similar, potent bactericidal activity against major Gram-positive pathogens, notably methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively).

iclaprim: has antiviral activity
aminopyrimidine;
chromenes;
cyclopropanes
n-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamideindisulam : A chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development.

N-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamide: structure in first source
chloroindole;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
nsc 889154-pregnen-21-ol-3,20-dione-21-(4-bromobenzenesufonate): a tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase inhibitor; structure in first source
pd 173955PD 173955: inhibits src family-selective tyrosine kinase; structure in first sourcearyl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
methyl sulfide;
pyridopyrimidine
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
chalconetrans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.chalconeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
flavin mononucleotideflavin mononucleotide;
vitamin B2
bacterial metabolite;
coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4,4-dimethyl-N2-(2-methylphenyl)-1H-1,3,5-triazine-2,6-diaminesubstituted aniline
1-methyltryptophan1-methyltryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan carrying a single methyl substituent at position 1 on the indole.

1-methyltryptophan: an immunomodulator
indolyl carboxylic acid
thioguanine anhydrousThioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.

tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.
2-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
semaxinibsemaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles
angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
edatrexateedatrexate: structure given in first sourceglutamic acid derivative
gentamicin sulfate
teriflunomide(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic amide;
enamide;
enol;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide
drug metabolite;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dihydrofolatedihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.dihydrofolic acidsEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanine2-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acidfolcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens

vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.
folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
raltitrexedN-acyl-amino acid
n-(4(n-((2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)prop-2-ynylamino)benzoyl)-l-glutamic acid
leucovorin5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1843u891843U89: structure given in first source; a folate analog
5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate
pemetrexedpemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
lometrexollometrexol: RN & structure given in first source;
8-methylguanine8-methylguanine: structure given in first source
2-amino-6-hydroxy-8-mercaptopurine
cb 3717N-acyl-L-glutamic acid
(5)n,(8)n-deaza-(10)-n-methylfolate
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acidtetrahydrofolate : A folate obtained by deprotonation of any tetrahydrofolic acid.

tetrahydrofolic acid : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.
tetrahydrofolic acidSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite