brucine profile

brucine: was heading 1991-94 (see under STRYCHNINE 1975-90); DIMETHOXYSTRYCHNINE was see BRUCINE 1975-94; use STRYCHNINE to search BRUCINE 1975-94; very toxic alkaloid from Nux vomica similar to strychnine; used as reagent in analytical chemistry; was MH 1991-94 [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	442021
CHEMBL ID	501756
CHEBI ID	3193
SCHEMBL ID	113229
MeSH ID	M0222862

Synonym
MLS000515808
smr000112281
(1r,11s,18s,20r,21r,22s)-4,5-dimethoxy-12-oxa-8,17-diazaheptacyclo[15.5.2.0^{1,18}.0^{2,7}.0^{8,22}.0^{11,21}.0^{15,20}]tetracosa-2(7),3,5,14-tetraen-9-one
10,11-dimethoxy strychnine
gtpl342
ACON1_001990
MEGXP0_001865
(-)-brucine
strychnidin-10-one, 2,3-dimethoxy-
2,3-dimethoxystrychnine
l-brucine
MLS001424166
einecs 206-614-7
brucina [italian]
bruzin
hsdb 307
10,11-dimethystrychnine
10,11-dimethoxystrychnine
ccris 4754
brucin [german]
un1570
rcra waste no. p018
brucinum
357-57-3
brucine
C09084
brucine, anhydrous, 98%
NCGC00094861-01
2,3-dimethoxystrychnidin-10-one
HMS2052O03
B0670
145428-94-0
B0946
BRD-K68077509-001-01-6
CHEMBL501756
nsc-757797
chebi:3193 ,
brucine [un1570] [poison]
6ng17yck6h ,
nsc 757797
unii-6ng17yck6h
tox21_302174
dtxcid204662
NCGC00255253-01
cas-357-57-3
dtxsid2024662 ,
tox21_111349
AKOS015955678
HMS2268L16
CCG-101078
bdbm50401037
brucine [vandf]
brucine [mi]
brucinum [hpus]
brucine [nflis-drug]
brucine [hsdb]
brucine hydrate
SCHEMBL113229
NC00328
RRKTZKIUPZVBMF-IBTVXLQLSA-N
AKOS024282466
Q-100426
brucine, anhydrous
sr-01000712407
SR-01000712407-5
brucine, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
NCGC00384497-01
bisdesmethylbrucin
Q411022
anhydrous brucine
NCGC00263445-02

Research Excerpts

Overview

Brucine is an alkaloid derived from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. It is a widely prescribed glycine antagonist, but a complete understanding of its metabolic pathway is still lacking.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Brucine (BRU) is a natural product derived from nux-vomica seeds. "	( Preparation, characterization and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of brucine-loaded nanoemulgel. Abdallah, MH; Abu Lila, AS; Elghamry, HA; Elsewedy, HS; Soliman, MS; Unissa, R, 2021)	2.28
"Brucine is a traditional medicinal herb extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L."	( Brucine Suppresses Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231. Ding, W; Hu, Y; Li, P; Song, WJ; Su, L; Suo, MZ; Tang, GH; Wei, PF; Xu, MR; Zhang, M; Zhu, YD, 2019)	2.68
"Brucine is an alkaloid from nux vomica, has been shown various pharmacological actions. "	( Brucine, an effective natural compound derived from nux-vomica, induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in LoVo cells. Luo, W; Wang, X; Zhan, Y; Zhang, Y; Zheng, L, 2013)	3.28
"Brucine is an alkaloid derived from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. "	( Brucine, an alkaloid from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn., represses hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and metastasis: the role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 pathway. Cai, J; Chen, L; Deng, X; Li, Y; Mi, X; Shu, G; Yang, X; Yin, W; Zhang, X, 2013)	3.28
"Brucine is a widely prescribed glycine antagonist, but a complete understanding of its metabolic pathway is still lacking. "	( Metabolism of brucine: the important metabolic pathways of dihydroindole-type alkaloid for excretion in rats. Song, R; Tian, JX; Tian, Y; Wang, M; Xu, FG; Xu, L; Zhang, ZJ, 2014)	2.21
"Brucine is a derivative of 2-hydroxystrychnine."	( Final report of the safety assessment of Alcohol Denat., including SD Alcohol 3-A, SD Alcohol 30, SD Alcohol 39, SD Alcohol 39-B, SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 40, SD Alcohol 40-B, and SD Alcohol 40-C, and the denaturants, Quassin, Brucine Sulfate/Brucine, , 2008)	1.25
"Brucine is a central agonist that can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). "	( Influence of P-glycoprotein on brucine transport at the in vitro blood-brain barrier. Fang, PF; Li, HD; Liu, YW; Xu, DH; Yan, M, 2012)	2.11

Effects

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Brucine has been reported to significantly suppress gastric cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer growth in vivo by inducing cell apoptosis."	( Inhibition of Glioblastoma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo by Brucine, a Component of Chinese Medicine. Puweizhong, H; Ruijian, Z; Ruijun, W; Wenbin, M; Yulin, L; Yumin, W, 2014)	1.36

Actions

Brucine can inhibit the proliferation of human lung cancer cell line PC-9 by blocking the cell cycle at G0/G1 via down-regulating the expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E. Brucine could also suppress the migration of LoVo cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Brucine could also suppress the migration of LoVo cells in a dose-dependent manner."	( Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in regulating the migration by an effective natural compound brucine in LoVo cells. Chen, X; Kang, Y; Shi, X; Yang, T; Zhang, Y; Zhu, M, 2018)	1.42
"Brucine could suppress the migration of the colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo and the effect was associated with the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway."	( Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in regulating the migration by an effective natural compound brucine in LoVo cells. Chen, X; Kang, Y; Shi, X; Yang, T; Zhang, Y; Zhu, M, 2018)	2.14
"Brucine may inhibit osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathways."	( Brucine inhibits bone metastasis of breast cancer cells by suppressing Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathways. Hu, KF; Kong, XY; Lin, N; Pei, XH; Wan, HY; Zhong, MC, 2017)	3.34
"Brucine was found to inhibit the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha as well as the nuclear translocation of p65."	( [Effect of NF-kappaB on inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer cell cyclooxygenase-2 by brucine]. Deng, X; Yin, F; Zhu, G, 2012)	1.32
"Brucine could inhibit the growth of breast cancer to bone metastases, possibly by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis."	( Effects of brucine on vascular endothelial growth factor expression and microvessel density in a nude mouse model of bone metastasis due to breast cancer. Jin, FP; Li, P; Ma, WJ; Sun, X; Zhang, M, 2012)	2.21

Treatment

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Treatment with brucine reduced the expression of BCL-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), while upregulated BAX expression in U251 human glioma cells resulted in reduced glioma cell survival rate and inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors."	( Inhibition of Glioblastoma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo by Brucine, a Component of Chinese Medicine. Puweizhong, H; Ruijian, Z; Ruijun, W; Wenbin, M; Yulin, L; Yumin, W, 2014)	0.98

Toxicity

Brucine, a weak alkaline indole alkaloid, is one of the main bioactive and toxic constituents of Strychnos nux-vomica L. Blood strychnine and brucine contents in 10 cases who had taken the drugs were determined.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" At oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg using rats, Quassin was not toxic in acute and short-term tests, but some reversible piloerection, decrease in motor activity, and a partial loss of righting reflex were found in mice at 500 mg/kg."	( Final report of the safety assessment of Alcohol Denat., including SD Alcohol 3-A, SD Alcohol 30, SD Alcohol 39, SD Alcohol 39-B, SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 40, SD Alcohol 40-B, and SD Alcohol 40-C, and the denaturants, Quassin, Brucine Sulfate/Brucine, , 2008)	0.53
" The changes of strychnine and brucine contents before and after processing and after decoction of Ma Qian Zi (Semen Strychni) were determined with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which were controlled within ranges stipulated in the Pharmacopeia; Adverse events were analyzed; Blood strychnine and brucine contents in 10 cases who had taken the drugs were determined."	( Safety of individual medication of Ma Qian Zi (semen strychni) based upon assessment of therapeutic effects of Guo's therapy against moderate fluorosis of bone. Chen, YJ; Guo, PH; Kong, HY; Sang, ZC; Wang, HM; Wu, GN; Zhang, ZJ; Zhou, W, 2011)	0.66
" 3) Altogether 18 cases had adverse events, with an incidence rate of 15."	( Safety of individual medication of Ma Qian Zi (semen strychni) based upon assessment of therapeutic effects of Guo's therapy against moderate fluorosis of bone. Chen, YJ; Guo, PH; Kong, HY; Sang, ZC; Wang, HM; Wu, GN; Zhang, ZJ; Zhou, W, 2011)	0.37
"Strychnos alkaloids (SAs) are the main toxic constituents in Semen Strychni, a traditional Chinese medicine, which is known for its fatal neurotoxicity."	( Prophylactic Neuroprotection of Total Glucosides of Paeoniae Radix Alba against Semen Strychni-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Reducing the Absorption of Toxic Components. Chen, X; Chu, Y; Li, S; Sun, L; Zhang, R, 2018)	0.48
"Brucine is one of the main bioactive and toxic constituents of the herb drug Semen Strychni."	( Cyp3a11 metabolism-based chronotoxicity of brucine in mice. Gao, L; Lin, Y; Wang, S; Wu, B; Yang, Z; Zhou, Z, 2019)	2.22
" According to pharmacokinetic experiments, herb dosing at ZT18 generated higher plasma concentrations (and systemic exposure) of strychnine and brucine (two toxic constituents) compared with ZT6 dosing."	( Chronotoxicity of Semen Strychni is associated with circadian metabolism and transport in mice. Gao, L; Lin, L; Lin, Y; Lu, D; Wang, S; Wu, B; Xing, H; Zhao, Y, 2021)	0.82
"Brucine (BRU) and brucine N-oxide (BNO) are prominent, bioactive, and toxic alkaloids in crude and processed Semen Strychni."	( A Combination of In Silico ADMET Prediction, In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation, and Potential Mechanism Exploration of Brucine and Brucine N-oxide-A Comparative Study. Dai, Z; Gao, Y; Guo, L; Han, Y; Ma, S; Zhang, J, 2023)	2.56

Pharmacokinetics

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of free brucine and strychnine was investigated by the validated RRLC-MS/MS method coupled with in vivo microdialysis for the first time. Most pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly changed after administration of the novel liposome compared with those of SPC Liposome.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"To study the pharmacokinetic process about the concentration in rat plasma of the alkaloids from processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica with RP-HPLC method."	( [Pharmacokinetics of the alkaloids from the processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica in rats]. Cai, BC; Pan, Y; Wang, TS; Xu, XY, 2003)	0.32
" Furthermore, a safety evaluation and pharmacodynamic analysis of LB, including acute dermal toxicity, skin irritation, and analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were investigated."	( Preparation of liposomal brucine and its pharmaceutical/pharmacodynamic characterization. Liu, CS; Qin, XQ; Shen, X; Wang, QY; Yang, BC; Yuan, Y, 2007)	0.64
" The safety and pharmacodynamic action of LB, a new transdermal preparation, were investigated in details with the use of white rabbits, guinea-pigs and mice, respectively."	( [Study on safety and pharmacodynamic action of transdermal liposomal brucine]. Liu, C; Qin, X; Shen, X; Wang, Q; Yang, B; Yuan, Y, 2008)	0.58
" Pharmacodynamic evaluation revealed that the BLH showed a better therapeutic efficacy than that of the BH."	( Preparation and pharmaceutical/pharmacodynamic evaluation of topical brucine-loaded liposomal hydrogel. Liu, C; Shen, X; Wang, J; Yang, B; Yuan, Y; Zhu, D, 2009)	0.59
"To compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of brucine following intravenous administration of liposomes, containing total alkaloids from seed of Strychnos nux-vomica, to rats with different phospholipids composition."	( [Pharmacokinetics of brucine in rats after intravenous administration of liposomes containing total alkaloids from seed of Strychnos nux-vomica]. Cai, B; Chen, J; Chen, M; Fang, Y; Hou, T; Xiao, H; Zhang, T, 2011)	0.94
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by 3P97 program."	( [Pharmacokinetics of brucine in rats after intravenous administration of liposomes containing total alkaloids from seed of Strychnos nux-vomica]. Cai, B; Chen, J; Chen, M; Fang, Y; Hou, T; Xiao, H; Zhang, T, 2011)	0.69
" In addition, besides that AUC of brucine was slightly increased, most pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly changed after administration of the novel liposome compared with those of SPC liposome."	( [Pharmacokinetics of brucine in rats after intravenous administration of liposomes containing total alkaloids from seed of Strychnos nux-vomica]. Cai, B; Chen, J; Chen, M; Fang, Y; Hou, T; Xiao, H; Zhang, T, 2011)	0.97
" The results of dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior under different administration routes may account for the significantly different toxicities of brucine between intravenous and oral administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of brucine after intravenous and oral administration to rats. Cai, BC; Cai, H; Chen, J; Chen, ZP; Fang, Y; Hu, RR; Hu, W; Liu, X; Lu, TL; Xiao, HL, 2011)	0.89
"To study different in vivo pharmacokinetic regularity of brucine, total alkaloids of scorched sand-prepared Strychni Semen products and Strychni Semen pulveratum in rats, and probe into mutual impact between single component and compound."	( [Comparison on in vivo pharmacokinetics of brucine, total alkaloids of Strychni Semen and Strychni Semen pulveratum in rats]. Cai, B; Cai, H; Chen, J; Liu, X; Wang, D, 2012)	0.89
" A compartment model was made for the blood drug concentration-time curve using 3P97 software package and the pharmacokinetic parameters of each group were calculated and compared."	( [Comparison on in vivo pharmacokinetics of brucine, total alkaloids of Strychni Semen and Strychni Semen pulveratum in rats]. Cai, B; Cai, H; Chen, J; Liu, X; Wang, D, 2012)	0.64
"To investigate the effect of dose on pharmacokinetic properties of brucine hydrogel patch."	( [Preparation and pharmacokinetics of brucine hydrogel patch]. Cai, BC; Chen, J; Chen, ZP; Li, L; Qi, Y, 2012)	0.89
" After transdermal administration of different dose brucine hydrogel patch; Plasma concentration versus time profiles were determined and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS program."	( [Preparation and pharmacokinetics of brucine hydrogel patch]. Cai, BC; Chen, J; Chen, ZP; Li, L; Qi, Y, 2012)	0.9
"The pharmacokinetic properties of brucine do not vary with the dose of brucine hydrogel patch."	( [Preparation and pharmacokinetics of brucine hydrogel patch]. Cai, BC; Chen, J; Chen, ZP; Li, L; Qi, Y, 2012)	0.93
" The developed method was successfully applied for the first time to pharmacokinetic studies of brucine, strychnine and brucine N-oxide following a single oral and intravenous administration of modified total alkaloid fraction in rats."	( Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for the simultaneous determination of brucine, strychnine and brucine N-oxide in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Cai, B; Chen, J; Gu, W; Liu, X; Pan, Z; Wang, D, 2016)	0.86
" The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of strychnine, brucine, strychnine N-oxide and brucine N-oxide in rat plasma after oral administration of each monomer and the total alkaloids from Semen Strychni."	( LC-MS/MS determination and comparative pharmacokinetics of strychnine, brucine and their metabolites in rat plasma after intragastric administration of each monomer and the total alkaloids from Semen Strychni. He, Q; Lin, A; Liu, Y; Qiu, K; She, D; Su, X, 2016)	0.89
"To compare the pharmacokinetic differences of brucine in rats after different administration methods of brucine liposome."	( [Pharmacokinetic Study on Brucine in Different Administration Methods of Liposome in Rats]. Guo, JW; Li, AR; Li, LM; Liu, RX; Liu, XW; Wu, F, 2015)	0.98
" Moreover, the proposed method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in Sprague-Dawley rats for investigating the mechanism of which liquorice detoxifies Semen Strychni."	( An LC-MS/MS method for determination of bioactive components of liquorice and Semen Strychni in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetics study. Cai, HL; Deng, Y; Fang, PF; Li, HD; Wang, C; Wen, J; Yan, M; Zhang, BK; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.48
" The blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of free brucine and strychnine and their pharmacokinetic characteristics were investigated by the validated RRLC-MS/MS method coupled with in vivo microdialysis for the first time."	( Microdialysis combined with RRLC-MS/MS for the pharmacokinetics of two major alkaloids of Bi qi capsule and the potential roles of P-gp and BCRP on their penetration. Li, M; Liu, W; Ren, T; Zhang, J; Zheng, H, 2018)	0.73
"The detoxification effects of licorice are believed to be related to its pharmacokinetic (PK) interference."	( Effects of licorice extracts on the pharmacokinetics of brucine in rats and its possible mechanism. Cai, HL; Fang, PF; Ou, ZL; Wang, C; Wen, J; Zhang, M, 2020)	0.8

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A new method for the enrichment of Strychnos alkaloids in biological samples via liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) based on porous polypropylene hollow fibers combined with on-line sweeping in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was developed."	( Hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction combined with on-line sweeping for trace analysis of Strychnos alkaloids in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Han, D; Li, C; Liu, Z; Wang, C; Wang, Z; Zang, X, 2007)	0.34
"Abstract: The activities of four CYP450 enzymes (CYP3A, 1A2, 2El and 2C) and the mRNA expression levels of CYP1A2, 2El, 2Cll and 3A1 in rat liver were determined after Wistar rats were orally administered with brucine (BR) at three dosage levels (3, 15 and 60 mg."	( Effects of brucine combined with glycyrrhetinic acid or liquiritin on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 activities in vivo. Chen, Y; Du, P; Han, FM; Wu, WH; Xing, PP, 2011)	0.95

Bioavailability

In vivo, NGR-brucine liposomes could significantly extend the bioavailability of brucine. There was no significant difference observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters between liposom and NGR liposome after intravenous administration.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The oral bioavailability (F) did not vary with the dose (F=40."	( Pharmacokinetics of brucine after intravenous and oral administration to rats. Cai, BC; Cai, H; Chen, J; Chen, ZP; Fang, Y; Hu, RR; Hu, W; Liu, X; Lu, TL; Xiao, HL, 2011)	0.69
" The absolute bioavailability of brucine was determined to be 40."	( Evaluation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of brucine following transdermal administration. Cai, BC; Chen, J; Chen, ZP; Dong, J; Fang, F; Fang, Y; Gao, Y; Gu, W; Hu, W; Qu, YQ, 2013)	0.91
" After transdermal administration, the absolute bioavailability was calculated to be 18."	( [Optimization and application of method to determine plasma concentration of brucine]. Cai, BC; Chen, J; Wang, DY, 2013)	0.62
" The pharmacokinetics parameters and absolute bioavailability of brucine show that bioavailability in rats after different administration methods of brucine liposome is subcutaneous injection > intramuscular injection > oral administration."	( [Pharmacokinetic Study on Brucine in Different Administration Methods of Liposome in Rats]. Guo, JW; Li, AR; Li, LM; Liu, RX; Liu, XW; Wu, F, 2015)	0.95
" In vivo, NGR-brucine liposomes could significantly extend the bioavailability of brucine; however, there was no significant difference observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters between liposomes and NGR liposomes after intravenous administration."	( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel NGR-modified liposomes containing brucine. Li, S; Wang, XP, 2017)	1.05
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"The apparent permeability value (Papp) and absorption rate constant (Ka) were chosen as indices."	( Effect of Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) extract on intestinal absorption of brucine and strychnine in vitro and in situ. Jiang, Q; Liang, X; Liao, Z; Lü, D; Zeng, R; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.78

Dosage Studied

The activities of four CYP450 enzymes (CYP3A, 1A2, 2El and 2C) were determined after Wistar rats were orally administered with brucine. Brucine at 15 mg/kg exhibited very low toxic effects to tumor-bearing mice. According to pharmacokinetic experiments, herb dosing at ZT18 generated higher plasma concentrations of strychnine and brucines.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" at an analgesic dosage has dose- and function-dependent immunoregulatory effects."	( Effect of brucine on mouse nonspecific immune responses. Ge, SW; Li, YH; Weng, SA; Zhang, Y; Zhao, HW; Zhu, YN, 1997)	0.7
" Meanwhile, LB exhibited a better dose-response manner and a longer duration of analgesic effects."	( [Study on safety and pharmacodynamic action of transdermal liposomal brucine]. Liu, C; Qin, X; Shen, X; Wang, Q; Yang, B; Yuan, Y, 2008)	0.58
"Abstract: The activities of four CYP450 enzymes (CYP3A, 1A2, 2El and 2C) and the mRNA expression levels of CYP1A2, 2El, 2Cll and 3A1 in rat liver were determined after Wistar rats were orally administered with brucine (BR) at three dosage levels (3, 15 and 60 mg."	( Effects of brucine combined with glycyrrhetinic acid or liquiritin on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 activities in vivo. Chen, Y; Du, P; Han, FM; Wu, WH; Xing, PP, 2011)	0.95
" Moreover, a dosage of brucine at 15 mg/kg exhibited very low toxic effects to tumor-bearing mice."	( Brucine, an alkaloid from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn., represses hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and metastasis: the role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 pathway. Cai, J; Chen, L; Deng, X; Li, Y; Mi, X; Shu, G; Yang, X; Yin, W; Zhang, X, 2013)	2.14
" Here we aimed to determine dosing time-dependent hepatotoxicity of brucine, and to investigate the role of metabolism in generation of brucine chronotoxicity."	( Cyp3a11 metabolism-based chronotoxicity of brucine in mice. Gao, L; Lin, Y; Wang, S; Wu, B; Yang, Z; Zhou, Z, 2019)	1.01
" According to pharmacokinetic experiments, herb dosing at ZT18 generated higher plasma concentrations (and systemic exposure) of strychnine and brucine (two toxic constituents) compared with ZT6 dosing."	( Chronotoxicity of Semen Strychni is associated with circadian metabolism and transport in mice. Gao, L; Lin, L; Lin, Y; Lu, D; Wang, S; Wu, B; Xing, H; Zhao, Y, 2021)	0.82
" The BRU-induced hepatotoxicity of zebrafish larvae had a dose-response relationship."	( A Combination of In Silico ADMET Prediction, In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation, and Potential Mechanism Exploration of Brucine and Brucine N-oxide-A Comparative Study. Dai, Z; Gao, Y; Guo, L; Han, Y; Ma, S; Zhang, J, 2023)	1.12

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid	A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and diisoprenoid (usually secolaganin) building blocks.
organic heteroheptacyclic compound
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.0888	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.3432	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.8493	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743040
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.6564	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID1346985
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.5806	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296; AID624297
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7943	0.1259	12.2344	35.4813	AID1458
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1188	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	44.6684	0.0000	0.5972	9.1201	AID714454
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	60.0000	0.0049	2.5025	5.0000	AID1619463
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	10.0000	0.1000	4.0250	10.0000	AID1619462
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular synaptic transmission	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
saliva secretion	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glial cell proliferation	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intracellular protein transport	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
taste receptor activity	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
bitter taste receptor activity	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Taste receptor type 2 member 10	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (64)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID140907	Binding affinity at the unliganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID697152	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 75, Issue:11	Strynuxlines A and B, alkaloids with an unprecedented carbon skeleton from Strychnos nux-vomica.
AID697151	Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 75, Issue:11	Strynuxlines A and B, alkaloids with an unprecedented carbon skeleton from Strychnos nux-vomica.
AID714456	Displacement of [3H]NMS from EGFP-fused human M1 receptor N-terminal truncated at 17 residues expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction of [3H]NMS dissociation rate after 22 hrs by liquid scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Fluorescent derivatives of AC-42 to probe bitopic orthosteric/allosteric binding mechanisms on muscarinic M1 receptors.
AID142135	Binding affinity at the unliganded Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID141750	Binding affinity at the NMS liganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID141332	Binding affinity at the unliganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID141754	Cooperativity with acetylcholine at human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID142134	Binding affinity at the NMS liganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID697155	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 75, Issue:11	Strynuxlines A and B, alkaloids with an unprecedented carbon skeleton from Strychnos nux-vomica.
AID1865986	Toxicity in iv dosed Swiss-Webster mouse assessed as lethal dose at 7.5 ml/kg, iv administered through tail vein injection by Litchfield-Wilcoxon method	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-15, Volume: 54	Isolation and biological activity of azocine and azocane alkaloids.
AID142260	Binding affinity at the unliganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID697154	Cytotoxicity against human SMMC7721 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 75, Issue:11	Strynuxlines A and B, alkaloids with an unprecedented carbon skeleton from Strychnos nux-vomica.
AID142141	Cooperativity with NMS at Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID141751	Binding affinity at the unliganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID142142	Cooperativity with acetylcholine at Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID141331	Binding affinity at the NMS liganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID140906	Binding affinity at the NMS liganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID141338	Cooperativity with acetylcholine at human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID140914	Cooperativity with NMS at human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID142262	Cooperativity with NMS at human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID714454	Competitive inhibition of EGFP-fused human M1 receptor N-terminal truncated at 17 residues expressed in HEK293 cells after 4 hrs by FRET assay in presence of para-LRB-AC42	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Fluorescent derivatives of AC-42 to probe bitopic orthosteric/allosteric binding mechanisms on muscarinic M1 receptors.
AID141753	Cooperativity with NMS at human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID397122	Inhibition of HIV1 RT
AID141337	Cooperativity with NMS at human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID140915	Cooperativity with acetylcholine at human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID1865987	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition at 0.9 uM measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-15, Volume: 54	Isolation and biological activity of azocine and azocane alkaloids.
AID1865988	Cytotoxicity against human SMMC-7721 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition at 0.9 uM measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-15, Volume: 54	Isolation and biological activity of azocine and azocane alkaloids.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID714457	Noncompetitive binding affinity at EGFP-fused human M1 receptor N-terminal truncated at 17 residues expressed in HEK293 cells	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Fluorescent derivatives of AC-42 to probe bitopic orthosteric/allosteric binding mechanisms on muscarinic M1 receptors.
AID142263	Cooperativity with acetylcholine at human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID1865989	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-15, Volume: 54	Isolation and biological activity of azocine and azocane alkaloids.
AID142259	Binding affinity at the NMS liganded human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 was estimated as log affinity (log1/M)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3	Allosteric interactions of quaternary strychnine and brucine derivatives with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID697153	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 75, Issue:11	Strynuxlines A and B, alkaloids with an unprecedented carbon skeleton from Strychnos nux-vomica.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1345286	Human M1 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1998	Molecular pharmacology, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Subtype-selective positive cooperative interactions between brucine analogues and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors: radioligand binding studies.
AID1345543	Human M5 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1998	Molecular pharmacology, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Subtype-selective positive cooperative interactions between brucine analogues and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors: radioligand binding studies.
AID1345326	Human M2 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1997	Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Positive cooperativity of acetylcholine and other agonists with allosteric ligands on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID1345343	Human M3 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1998	Molecular pharmacology, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Subtype-selective positive cooperative interactions between brucine analogues and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors: radioligand binding studies.
AID1345465	Human M4 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1998	Molecular pharmacology, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Subtype-selective positive cooperative interactions between brucine analogues and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors: radioligand binding studies.
AID1345326	Human M2 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1998	Molecular pharmacology, Mar, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Subtype-selective positive cooperative interactions between brucine analogues and acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors: radioligand binding studies.
AID1345286	Human M1 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1997	Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Positive cooperativity of acetylcholine and other agonists with allosteric ligands on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID1345343	Human M3 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1997	Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Positive cooperativity of acetylcholine and other agonists with allosteric ligands on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID1345465	Human M4 receptor (Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic))	1997	Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:1	Positive cooperativity of acetylcholine and other agonists with allosteric ligands on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	34 (14.85)	18.7374
1990's	20 (8.73)	18.2507
2000's	50 (21.83)	29.6817
2010's	105 (45.85)	24.3611
2020's	20 (8.73)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (0.42%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (2.12%)	6.00%
Case Studies	4 (1.69%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	226 (95.76%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	6.94	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzene [no description available]	6.92	1	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.8	3	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.03	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	7.51	2	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	7.74	3	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
indole [no description available]	7.1	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	7.67	3	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.43	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	7.36	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.08	1	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	6.93	1	0	purine
taurine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.1	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.	2	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynyl ester [no description available]	1.99	1	0	dihydropyridine
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	1.99	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.4	2	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
carbamylcholine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.1	1	0
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gallamine triethiodide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	7.41	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.31	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
5-methylfurtrethonium 5-methylfurtrethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0	aralkylamine
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.08	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	2.31	1	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
oxotremorine m oxotremorine M: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	2.4	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	7.08	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	2.02	1	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.06	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.47	2	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	1.99	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	7.08	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.	2	1	0
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	1.98	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.21	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.1	1	0
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.05	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.43	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
veratrole veratrole: structure. dimethoxybenzene : Any methoxybenzene that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with two methoxy groups and its derivatives.. veratrole : A dimethoxybenzene with the methoxy groups at ortho-positions.	6.94	1	0	dimethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.31	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.08	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	1.98	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.44	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.07	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.42	2	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
furtrethonium furtrethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; minor descriptor (75-79); on-line and Index Medicus search AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS (75-81)	2.4	2	0	aralkylamine
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.21	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.17	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
vincamine Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.	1.99	1	0	alkaloid ester; hemiaminal; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; vinca alkaloid	antihypertensive agent; metabolite; vasodilator agent
denatonium chloride [no description available]	1.99	1	0
denatonium benzoate [no description available]	3.51	2	0
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	1.99	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	2.11	1	0	cobalt group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	6.92	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	6.94	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.44	2	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
sucrose octaacetate sucrose octaacetate: bitter tasting cpd preferred by rats to quinine; RN given refers to ((beta-D)-fructofuranosyl)-isomer	1.98	1	0	glycoside
propylbenzilylcholine mustard Propylbenzilylcholine Mustard: An analog of benzilylcholine mustard. It is an alkylating nitrogen mustard analog that binds specifically and irreversibly to cholinergic muscarinic receptors and is used as an affinity label to isolate and study the receptors.	2	1	0
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	7.11	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.81	3	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
anisodamine anisodamine: alkaloid isolated from Chinese solanacea plant	2.03	1	0
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.06	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.1	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
quassin quassin: article discusses quassinoid principle; structure	8.14	1	0	triterpenoid
ethyl tyrosine ester ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group.	2.02	1	0	ethyl ester; L-tyrosyl ester
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	3.39	7	0
vinburnine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	alkaloid
strychnine n-oxide strychnine N-oxide: structure in first source. strychnine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the non-acylated nitrogen of strychnine. It is a metabolite of strychnine.	8.14	5	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound; tertiary amine oxide	plant metabolite
loganin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	3.15	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
loganic acid loganic acid: structure. loganic acid : A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively	2.13	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclopentapyran; glucoside	plant metabolite
isohumulone isohumulone: hop-derived compound	1.98	1	0	monoterpenoid
liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.	2.17	1	0	4',7-dihydroxyflavanone	hormone agonist; plant metabolite
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
pitrazepin pitrazepin: effects are not tissue specific; induced a bursting discharge pattern in cultures derived from hippocampus & hypothalamus; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.05	1	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	7.67	3	0
bortezomib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	2.03	1	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	10.27	215	1	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
alpha bitter acid humulon: antibiotic from hops; structure	1.98	1	0	aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone; diketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	antibacterial drug; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	6.93	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.13	1	0
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	2.51	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.03	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766	2.03	1	0
alphaxalone RU 5135: powerful antagonist of GABA stimulation of diazepam binding; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	11-oxo steroid
phenylthiourea Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.	1.98	1	0	thioureas	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	3.15	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
cholesterol acetate cholesteryl acetate : A cholesterol ester obtained by formal acylation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol by acetic acid.	2.02	1	0	acetate ester; cholesteryl ester	human metabolite
2-thiocytosine 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	2.31	1	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.07	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.07	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
epinephrine ircinal A: from an Indonesian Acanthostrongylophora sponge with activity against infectious, tropical parasitic, and Alzheimer's diseases; structure in first source	3.51	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	3.51	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.15	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	6.93	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	1.99	1	0	alkali metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.36	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	2.45	2	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
manzamine a manzamine A: RN given refers to (1R-(1R,9Z,13S,13aR,20aR,21aR*)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92. manzamine A : An alkaloid of the class of beta-carbolines isolated from Haliclona and Acanthostrongylophora. It exhibits inhibitory activity against Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (EC 2.7.11.26).	3.51	1	0	alkaloid; beta-carbolines; isoquinolines	animal metabolite; anti-HSV-1 agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; marine metabolite
win 51708 WIN 51708: neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.07	1	0
lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine : An organic sodium salt having 4-[3,6-bis(diethylamino)xanthenium-9-yl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate as the counterion.	2.07	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
ngr peptide [no description available]	2.15	1	0
serotobenine serotobenine: isolated from Ouratea turnarea	3.51	1	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.44	2	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.99	4	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chitosan [no description available]	3.01	4	0
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	2.49	2	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.49	2	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.06	1	0
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	2.44	2	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.07	1	0
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	2	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	3.51	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	3.51	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	2.07	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
brucine n-oxide brucine N-oxide: structure given in first source	3.75	10	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	7.79	3	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.15	5	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.15	5	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.37	6	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.72	2	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.72	2	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.5	2	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Anasarca [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.78	3	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.31	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Ache [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.46	2	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.45	7	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.45	7	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.45	7	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.45	7	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.03	4	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.75	10	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.17	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.21	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.53	2	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.49	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.49	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.1	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	2.1	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	2.1	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.1	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	7.1	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.51	2	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.98	4	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	7.46	2	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	7.05	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.37	2	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	2.06	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	2.48	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.06	1	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	3.45	1	1
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	3.45	1	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.07	1	0

brucine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (71)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (10)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (144)

Molecular Functions (40)

Ceullar Components (29)

Bioassays (64)

Research

Studies (229)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 64.38

Study Types

brucine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (71)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (10)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (144)

Molecular Functions (40)

Ceullar Components (29)

Bioassays (64)

Research

Studies (229)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 64.38

Study Types

Related Drugs (137)

Related Conditions (71)