cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus. [GOC:sl]

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a lipid mediator that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, allergic reactions, and sleep regulation. Upon binding to its receptors, PGD2 triggers a complex cascade of intracellular signaling events, ultimately leading to cellular responses.

**Receptor Binding and Signaling:**

* **DP1 and DP2 receptors:** PGD2 exerts its biological effects primarily through the activation of two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): DP1 and DP2.
* **G protein activation:** Upon ligand binding, DP1 and DP2 receptors activate heterotrimeric G proteins, specifically Gαs and Gαi, respectively.
* **cAMP signaling:** DP1 receptor activation leads to the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, resulting in the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP acts as a second messenger, activating protein kinase A (PKA) and downstream signaling pathways.
* **Inhibition of cAMP signaling:** DP2 receptor activation, on the other hand, inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity and reduces cAMP levels. This effect is mediated by the activation of Gαi proteins, which suppress the activity of adenylyl cyclase.

**Cellular Responses:**

* **Vasodilation:** PGD2 promotes vasodilation, primarily through the activation of DP1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells. This effect is mediated by cAMP-dependent relaxation of smooth muscle.
* **Bronchoconstriction:** In the airways, PGD2 can cause bronchoconstriction, mainly via the activation of DP2 receptors on airway smooth muscle cells. This effect is mediated by the inhibition of cAMP signaling and the activation of Rho kinase.
* **Immune modulation:** PGD2 plays a key role in immune responses, influencing the differentiation and function of immune cells. It can promote T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation and enhance the production of IgE, contributing to allergic inflammation.
* **Sleep regulation:** PGD2 is a potent inducer of sleep. It acts on DP1 receptors in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus, leading to a reduction in wakefulness and the promotion of sleep.
* **Pain perception:** PGD2 can contribute to pain perception, both in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system. It can sensitize nociceptive neurons and enhance the inflammatory response, contributing to pain development.

**Conclusion:**

The cellular response to PGD2 stimulus involves a complex interplay of receptor activation, signaling pathways, and downstream effector mechanisms. PGD2's multifaceted effects contribute to its diverse roles in inflammation, allergy, sleep, and pain.'
```"

Proteins (4)

Compounds (60)