bucillamine profile

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	656604
CHEMBL ID	80830
CHEBI ID	31312
SCHEMBL ID	121965
MeSH ID	M0087059

Synonym
CHEMBL80830 ,
bucilant
(r)-3-mercapto-2-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanamido)propanoic acid
AKOS015841445
de-019
sa-96
tiobutarit
bucillamine ,
rimatil
n-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-l-cysteine
bucilamina [spanish]
n-(2-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-l-cysteine
ccris 5260
sa96
bucillaminum [latin]
bucillamine [inn:jan]
n-(2-mercaptoisobutyryl)-l-cysteine
l-cysteine, n-(2-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-
n-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-l-cysteine
thiobutarit
D01809
65002-17-7
bucilant (tn)
bucillamine (jp17/inn)
(2r)-2-[(2-methyl-2-sulfanylpropanoyl)amino]-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
(2r)-2-[(2-methyl-2-sulfanyl-propanoyl)amino]-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid
(2r)-3-mercapto-2-[(2-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)amino]propanoic acid
A834941
NCGC00182062-02
NCGC00183271-01
dtxsid2048587 ,
dtxcid2028513
tox21_112916
tox21_113147
cas-65002-17-7
AM62722
bdbm50406934
r80lra5wtf ,
unii-r80lra5wtf
bucillaminum
bucilamina
AKOS015895462
RB3025
bucillamine [mart.]
bucillamine [inn]
bucillamine [who-dd]
bucillamine [jan]
bucillamine [mi]
MLS006010100
smr004701240
SCHEMBL121965
VUAFHZCUKUDDBC-BYPYZUCNSA-N
Q-101254
AC-32465
mfcd00867570
sr-01000883966
SR-01000883966-1
CHEBI:31312
KS-1449
DB12160
Q4982752
(r)-3-mercapto-2-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanamido)-propanoic acid
BCP12127
de019; sa96;thiobutarit;rimatil.
HY-118530

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bucillamine (Bc) is a cysteine derivative with two SH groups, and a homolog of D-penicillamine, a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) widely used in Japan. "	( Radiographic repair in three Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with bucillamine. Iwatani, M; Kobashigawa, T; Kotake, S; Nanke, Y; Yago, T; Yamanaka, H, 2009)	2.02
"Also bucillamine, that is a pseudo dipeptide possessing a thiol group capable to form an internal disulfide bridge, has relevant scavenger properties used in therapy for the treatment of arthritis."	( N-(tert)-butyloxycarbonyl)-beta,beta-cyclopentyl-cysteine (acetamidomethyl)-methyl ester for synthesis of novel peptidomimetic derivatives. Cacciatore, I; Cornacchia, C; Feliciani, F; Mollica, A; Pinnen, F; Stefanucci, A; Torino, D, 2010)	0.82
"Bucillamine is a low molecular weight thiol antioxidant that is capable of rapidly entering cells."	( Attenuation of warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver by bucillamine through decreased neutrophil activation and Bax/Bcl-2 modulation. Davidson, BR; Dijk, S; Fuller, B; Junnarkar, SP; Mani, A; Seifalian, AM; Tapuria, N, 2010)	1.32
"Bucillamine is an antirheumatic drug with antiangiogenic properties that is currently used in clinical practice. "	( Subconjunctival administration of bucillamine suppresses choroidal neovascularization in rat. Homma, N; Mano, H; Matsuoka, H; Muranaka, K; Obata, R; Tamaki, Y; Yanagi, Y, 2002)	2.04
"Bucillamine is a more potent thiol donor than other cysteine derivatives: approximately 16-fold more potent than N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst(R)) in vivo."	( Bucillamine: a potent thiol donor with multiple clinical applications. Horwitz, LD, 2003)	2.48
"Bucillamine is a disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug, structurally similar to D-penicillamine. "	( Bucillamine-induced pemphigus vulgaris in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis overlap syndrome. Hur, JW; Lee, CW; Yoo, DH, 2006)	3.22
"Bucillamine (Buc) is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) developed in Japan, which has been used as one of the first-line DMARDs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japan. "	( Efficacy profile of bucillamine in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a large observational cohort study, IORRA. Hara, M; Inoue, E; Iwatani, M; Kamatani, N; Nakajima, A; Nakamura, T; Tomatsu, T; Yamanaka, H, 2006)	2.1
"Bucillamine (BUC) is a novel disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, which is a structural analogue of cysteine."	( Generation of reactive oxygen species is required for bucillamine, a novel anti-rheumatic drug, to induce apoptosis in concert with copper. Furukawa, H; Hashimoto, S; Inoue, T; Ito, K; Sawada, T; Tohma, S, 1997)	1.27
"Bucillamine is a potent sulfhydryl donor not previously tested as a treatment of reperfusion injury."	( Bucillamine prevents myocardial reperfusion injury. Horwitz, LD; Sherman, NA, 2001)	2.47
"Bucillamine is a new therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis developed in 1982 in Japan."	( Bucillamine (a new therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis) induced nephrotic syndrome: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Arai, T; Fujigaki, Y; Hishida, A; Ikegaya, N; Isozaki, T; Kaneko, E; Kimura, M, 1992)	2.45
"Bucillamine is a useful medication for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but some patients develop side effects from it. "	( [A case of rheumatoid arthritis developing pemphigus-like skin lesion during treatment with bucillamine]. Amasaki, Y; Atsumi, T; Fujisaku, A; Jodo, S; Kobayashi, H; Mukai, M; Nakabayashi, T; Nakagawa, S; Sagawa, A; Watanabe, I, 1991)	1.94

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bucillamine has potential to attenuate or prevent damage during myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery and organ transplantation. "	( Bucillamine: a potent thiol donor with multiple clinical applications. Horwitz, LD, 2003)	3.2
"Bucillamine (BUC) has been found to have beneficial effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which the activation of endothelial cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis. "	( Inhibitory effects of bucillamine on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Hirohata, S; Isshi, K; Kikuchi, H, 2004)	2.08
"Bucillamine has been reported to have beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis. "	( [A case of rheumatoid arthritis associated with agranulocytosis during bucillamine treatment]. Hashimoto, M; Hiramatsu, K; Hosaka, M; Iwabuchi, H; Kaga, S; Kanemitsu, H; Kasama, T; Matsuda, A; Negishi, M; Yamazaki, J, 1994)	1.96
"Bucillamine, which has two donatable thiol groups, was twice as protective as N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine, which contains a single donatable thiol group."	( Bucillamine prevents myocardial reperfusion injury. Horwitz, LD; Sherman, NA, 2001)	2.47

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bucillamine can cause corticosteroid-resistant and life-threatening lung injury, especially in the elderly."	( A case with life-threatening interstitial pneumonia associated with bucillamine treatment. Makino, F; Mochizuki, H; Morioka, T; Ogiwara, Y; Sugihara, T; Takahashi, H, 2008)	1.3
"Bucillamine could also suppress T cell binding to rIFN-gamma treated EC as well as untreated EC."	( Bucillamine inhibits T cell adhesion to human endothelial cells. Eguchi, K; Fukuda, T; Ida, H; Ishimaru, T; Kawakami, A; Nakashima, M; Sakai, M; Shimada, H; Terada, K; Yamashita, I, 1992)	2.45

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bucillamine (BCL), a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, occasionally causes proteinuria. "	( Outcome and treatment of bucillamine-induced nephropathy. Hara, S; Hoshino, J; Katori, H; Sawa, N; Suwabe, T; Tagami, T; Takaichi, K; Takemoto, F; Ubara, Y, 2006)	2.08
"Bucillamine pretreatment (20 mg kg(-1) of body weight, administered subcutaneously) markedly attenuated UVB-mediated inflammatory responses and p53 activation."	( Photoprotective effects of bucillamine against UV-induced damage in an SKH-1 hairless mouse model. Agarwal, R; Anwar, A; Behbakht, K; Brady, S; Fujita, M; Gu, M; Horwitz, LD; Norris, DA; Qamar, L; Shellman, YG, )	1.15
"The bucillamine treatment was discontinued about 2 months after the nephrotic syndrome had developed."	( [A case of progressive systemic sclerosis with Sjögren's syndrome complicated by nephrotic syndrome caused by bucillamine]. Endo, S; Furuya, R; Hishida, A; Itoh, M; Ogawa, N; Ohashi, H; Okugawa, T; Sudo, Y, 1990)	0.97
"In treatment with bucillamine, therefore, the drug should be carefully administered and regular blood examinations carried out to prevent the occurrence of this side effect."	( [A case of rheumatoid arthritis associated with agranulocytosis during bucillamine treatment]. Hashimoto, M; Hiramatsu, K; Hosaka, M; Iwabuchi, H; Kaga, S; Kanemitsu, H; Kasama, T; Matsuda, A; Negishi, M; Yamazaki, J, 1994)	0.85

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Our results suggested that Buc should be given to patients with moderately active RA either before or after the administration of MTX because its efficacy can be judged within 3 months and because serious adverse events are rare."	( Efficacy and safety of bucillamine, a D-penicillamine analogue, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Amano, K; Kameda, H; Sekiguchi, N; Takeuchi, T, 2006)	0.64
" The rates of achievements of ACR 20, 50, 70 did not differ statistically between the three groups and there was no increase in risk of serious adverse effects related to previous DMARDs."	( The efficacy and safety of bucillamine as a second-line DMARD in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study. Ideguchi, H; Ishigatsubo, Y; Nagaoka, S; Ohono, S; Soga, T; Suda, A, 2008)	0.64
" There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of additional use of tacrolimus in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to DMARDs--a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Kawai, S; Miyasaka, N; Takeuchi, T; Tanaka, Y; Yamamoto, K, 2011)	0.37
" We collected clinical information, including patient background, treatment efficacy (evaluated using the DAS score), and adverse events observed."	( Single-center, retrospective analysis of efficacy and safety of tacrolimus as a second-line DMARD in combination therapy and the risk factors contributing to adverse events in 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Amano, H; Kageyama, M; Kempe, K; Kusaoi, M; Matsudaira, R; Matsushita, M; Morimoto, S; Nawata, M; Ogasawara, M; Onuma, S; Sekiya, F; Tada, K; Takasaki, Y; Tamura, N; Toyama, S; Yamaji, K, 2012)	0.38
" Although bucillamine and d-penicillamine are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan, drug-related adverse effects on the kidney can limit their therapeutic utilities."	( Proximal tubules and podocytes are toxicity targets of bucillamine in a mouse model of drug-induced kidney injury. Fujimura, A; Fujiwara, Y; Koshimizu, TA; Sakai, N; Shibata, K; Tsuchiya, H, 2011)	1.02

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"SA96 in combination with indomethacin or prednisolone was investigated for their effects on the adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats."	( [Pharmacological studies of N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine (SA96). V. Effects of SA96 in combination with indomethacin or prednisolone on adjuvant arthritis in rats]. Hayashi, M; Iso, T; Kasamatsu, S; Mibu, H; Nakata, K; Yamauchi, H, 1985)	0.27

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" BUC-ID, but not BUC, appeared to suppress the expression of VCAM-1 on HUVEC stimulated with TNF-alpha in a dose-response manner at its pharmacologically relevant concentrations (0."	( Inhibitory effects of bucillamine on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Hirohata, S; Isshi, K; Kikuchi, H, 2004)	0.64
" Recent change in permitted maximum dosage of MTX from 8 to 16 mg/week may improve its efficacy and continuation rate in treating Japanese RA patients."	( Recent trends in use of nonbiologic DMARDs and evaluation of their continuation rates in single and dual combination therapies in rheumatoid arthritis patients in Japan. Kageyama, M; Kempe, K; Kon, T; Kusaoi, M; Matsudaira, R; Matsushita, M; Ogasawara, M; Onuma, S; Sekiya, F; Sugimoto, K; Tada, K; Takasaki, Y; Tamura, N; Yamaji, K, 2012)	0.38

Class	Description
organic molecular entity	Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.5205	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	7,244.3599	0.0001	0.5336	10.0000	AID39018
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
response to hypoxia	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
kidney development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel remodeling	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin maturation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of renal output by angiotensin	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil mediated immunity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancy	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
substance P catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regeneration	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient levels	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mononuclear cell proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to laminar fluid shear stress	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose import	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
lung alveolus development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretion	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
heart contraction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiotensin metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulus	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to dexamethasone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cell proliferation in bone marrow	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion import	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to thyroid hormone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gap junction assembly	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to aldosterone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
endopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxypeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
exopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptidyl-peptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin receptor binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metallodipeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm midpiece	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (24)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID39018	Inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-06, Volume: 36, Issue:16	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship of angiotesin-converting enzyme and thermolysin inhibitors. II. A comparison of CoMFA models incorporating molecular orbital fields and desolvation free energies based on active-analog and com
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	15 (8.38)	18.7374
1990's	57 (31.84)	18.2507
2000's	69 (38.55)	29.6817
2010's	33 (18.44)	24.3611
2020's	5 (2.79)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	11 (5.70%)	5.53%
Reviews	28 (14.51%)	6.00%
Case Studies	48 (24.87%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	106 (54.92%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Bucillamine in Patients With Mild-Moderate COVID-19 [NCT04504734]	Phase 3	713 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-27	Terminated(stopped due to Met definition of futility according to DSMB)
A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Sarilumab Added to Non-MTX DMARDs or as Monotherapy in Japanese Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis [NCT02373202]	Phase 3	91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
The Bucillamine Study of Holding Remission After Infliximab Dose-off in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Methotrexate [NCT00716248]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Active, not recruiting
Phase 2 Multi-Center, Dose Escalation Trial To Assess The Safety And Effectiveness Of Bucillamine On Urinary Cystine Excretion And Cystine Capacity In Patients With Cystinuria [NCT02942420]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-05-01	Recruiting
A RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTRE PHASE IIa OPEN-LABEL, ACTIVE-COMPARATOR TRIAL TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TWO REGIMENS OF BUCILLAMINE 100 MG TABLETS AS COMPARED TO COLCHICINE 0.6 MG TABLETS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AN ACUTE GOUT FLARE IN SUBJECTS WITH MODE [NCT02330796]	Phase 2	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline at Week 52 in Disease Activity Score for 28 Joints Based on C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP)
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Week 52
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Electrolytes
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Hematological Parameters
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Liver Function Parameters
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Metabolic Parameters
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Renal Function Parameters
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Vital Signs Abnormalities
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT02373202 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, 50 and 70 Responses at Week 52

Change From Baseline at Week 52 in Disease Activity Score for 28 Joints Based on C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP)

DAS28-CRP is a composite score that contains 4 variables: TJC (based on 28 joints), SJC (based on 28 joints), participant's assessment of general health on VAS (range 0 [very well] to 100 mm [extremely bad]) and CRP (mg/L). DAS28-CRP total score ranges from 2-10 with a lower score indicating less disease activity. A DAS28-CRP above 5.1 indicates high disease activity, whereas below 3.2 indicates low disease activity and below 2.6 as disease remission. (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	-2.90
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	-2.47
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	-2.62
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	-2.64

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Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Week 52

HAQ-DI assessed the degree of difficulty participants experienced in 8 daily living activity domains during a week: dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and other activities. Each activity category consisted of 2-3 items. Each items's difficulty was scored from 0-3 (0=no difficulty, 1=some difficulty, 2=much difficulty, 3=unable to do). Overall HAQ-DI score was computed as the sum of domain scores divided by the number of domains answered, providing a score from 0-3. Low scores denoted improvement of disability/lower degree of domain difficulty. (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	-0.52
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	-0.34
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	-0.48
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	-0.38

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant ECG abnormalities:~PR Interval: >200 milliseconds (ms); >200 ms and IFB >=25%; >220 ms; >220 ms and IFB >=25%; >240 ms; >240 ms and IFB >=25%~QRS Interval: >110 ms; >110 ms and IFB >=25%; >120 ms; >120 ms and IFB >=25%~QT Interval: >500 ms~QTc Bazett (QTc B): >450 ms; >480 ms; >500 ms; IFB >30 and <=60 ms, IFB >60 ms~QTc Fridericia (QTc F): >450 ms; >480 ms; >500 ms; IFB >30 and <=60 ms; IFB >60 ms" (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 58

,,,

Intervention	participants (Number)
	PR >200 ms	PR >200 ms and IFB >=25%	PR >220 ms	PR >220 ms and IFB >=25%	PR >240 ms	PR >240 ms and IFB >=25%	QRS >110 ms	QRS >110 ms and IFB >=25%	QRS >120 ms	QRS >120 ms and IFB >=25%	QT >500 ms	QTc B >450 ms	QTc B >480 ms	QTc B >500 ms	QTc B IFB >30 and <=60 ms	QTc B IFB >60 ms	QTc F >450 ms	QTc F >480 ms	QTc F >500 ms	QTc F IFB >30 and <=60 ms	QTc F IFB >60 ms
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	2	0	2	0	0	0	0
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	10	1	0	1	0	6	1	0	0	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Electrolytes

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Sodium: <=129 mmol/L; >=160 mmol/L~Potassium: <3 mmol/L; >=5.5 mmol/L~Chloride: <80 mmol/L; >115 mmol/L" (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 58

,,,

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Sodium <=129 mmol/L	Sodium >=160 mmol/L	Potassium <3 mmol/L	Potassium >=5.5 mmol/L	Chloride <80 mmol/L	Chloride >115 mmol/L
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	0	0	0	0	0

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Hematological Parameters

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Hemoglobin: <=115 g/L (Male[M]) or <=95 g/L (Female[F]); >=185 g/L (M) or >=165 g/L (F); DFB >=20 g/L~Hematocrit: <=0.37 v/v (M) or <=0.32 v/v (F); >=0.55 v/v (M) or >=0.5 v/v (F)~Red blood cells (RBC): >=6 Tera/L~Platelets: <50 Giga/L; >=50 and <100 Giga/L; >=700 Giga/L~White blood cells (WBC): <3.0 Giga/L (Non-Black [NB]) or <2.0 Giga/L (Black [B]); >=16.0 Giga/L~Neutrophils: <1.5 Giga/L (NB) or <1.0 Giga/L (B); <1.0 Giga/L~Lymphocytes: <0.5 Giga/L; >=0.5 Giga/L and 4.0 Giga/L~Monocytes: >0.7 Giga/L~Basophils: >0.1 Giga/L~Eosinophils: >0.5 Giga/L or >upper limit of normal (ULN) (if ULN >=0.5 Giga/L)" (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 58

,,,

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Hemoglobin <=115 g/L (M) or <=95 g/L (F)	Hemoglobin >=185 g/L (M) or >=165 g/L (F)	Hemoglobin DFB >=20 g/L	Hematocrit <=0.37 v/v (M) or <=0.32 v/v (F)	Hematocrit >0.55 v/v (M) or >=0.5 v/v (F)	RBC >=6 Tera/L	Platelets <50 Giga/L	Platelets >=50 and <100 Giga/L	Platelets >=700 Giga/L	WBC <3.0 Giga/L (NB) or <2.0 Giga/L (B)	WBC >=16.0 Giga/L	Neutrophils <1.5 Giga/L (NB) or <1.0 Giga/L (B)	Neutrophils <1.0 Giga/L	Lymphocytes <0.5 Giga/L	Lymphocytes >=0.5 Giga/L and	Lymphocytes >4.0 Giga/L	Monocytes >0.7 Giga/L	Basophils >0.1 Giga/L	Eosinophils >0.5 Giga/L or >ULN (ULN >=0.5 Giga/L)
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	0	7	0	8	2	0	3	0	3	0	2
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	6	0	8	5	0	3	0	1	1	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	3	0	2	6	0	0	0	0	0	9	0	13	4	1	8	0	2	5	2
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	9	0	11	3	0	4	1	0	0	0

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Liver Function Parameters

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): >1 ULN and <=1.5 ULN; >1.5 ULN and <=3 ULN; >3 ULN and <=5 ULN; >5 ULN and <=10 ULN; >10 ULN and <=20 ULN; >20 ULN~Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): >1 ULN and <=1.5 ULN; >1.5 ULN and <=3 ULN; >3 ULN and <=5 ULN; >5 ULN and <=10 ULN; >10 ULN and <=20 ULN; >20 ULN~Alkaline phosphatase: >1.5 ULN~Total bilirubin (TBILI): >1.5 ULN; >2 ULN~Conjugated bilirubin(CBILI): >1.5 ULN~Unconjugated bilirubin: >1.5 ULN~ALT >3 ULN and TBILI >2 ULN~CBILI >35% TBILI and TBILI >1.5 ULN~Albumin: <=25 g/L" (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 58

,,,

Intervention	participants (Number)
	ALT >1 ULN and <=1.5 ULN	ALT >1.5 ULN and <=3 ULN	ALT >3 ULN and <=5 ULN	ALT >5 ULN and <=10 ULN	ALT >10 ULN and <=20 ULN	ALT >20 ULN	AST >1 ULN and <=1.5 ULN	AST >1.5 ULN and <=3 ULN	AST >3 ULN and <=5 ULN	AST >5 ULN and <=10 ULN	AST >10 ULN and <=20 ULN	AST >20 ULN	Alkaline Phosphatase >1.5 ULN	TBILI >1.5 ULN	TBILI >2 ULN	CBILI >1.5 ULN	Unconjugated Bilirubin >1.5 ULN	ALT> 3 ULN and TBILI >2ULN	CBILI >35% TBILI and TBILI >1.5 ULN	Albumin <=25 g/L
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	7	3	1	0	0	0	8	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	3	2	1	1	0	0	6	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	6	2	4	0	0	0	4	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	4	1	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Metabolic Parameters

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Glucose: <=3.9 mmol/L and =11.1 mmol/L (unfasted [unfas]) or >=7 mmol/L (fasted [fas])~Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): >8%~Total cholesterol: >=6.2 mmol/L; >=7.74 mmol/L~LDL cholesterol: >=4.1 mmol/L; >=4.9 mmol/L~Triglycerides: >=4.6 mmol/L; >=5.6 mmol/L" (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 58

,,,

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Glucose <=3.9 mmol/L and	Glucose >=11.1 mmol/L (unfas) or >=7 mmol/L (fas)	HbA1c >8%	Total Cholesterol >=6.2 mmol/L	Total Cholesterol >=7.74 mmol/L	LDL Cholesterol >=4.1 mmol/L	LDL Cholesterol >=4.9 mmol/L	Triglycerides >=4.6 mmol/L	Triglycerides >=5.6 mmol/L
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	1	0	0	12	1	6	2	0	0
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	0	0	6	1	1	0	0	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	1	2	1	13	2	3	1	1	1
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	1	0	7	1	3	1	0	0

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Renal Function Parameters

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant abnormalities:~Creatinine: >=150 micromol/L (adults); >=30% change from baseline, >=100% change from baseline~Creatinine clearance: <15 mL/min; >=15 to <30 mL/min; >=30 to <60 mL/min; >=60 to <90 mL/min~Blood urea nitrogen: >=17 mmol/L~Uric acid: <120 micromol/L; >408 micromol/L" (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 58

,,,

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Creatinine >=150 micromol/L (Adults)	Creatinine >=30% change from baseline	Creatinine >=100% change from baseline	Creatinine Clearance <15 mL/min	Creatinine clearance >=15 to <30 mL/min	Creatinine clearance >=30 to <60 mL/min	Creatinine clearance >=60 to <90 mL/min	Blood Urea Nitrogen >=17 mmol/L	Uric acid <120 micromol/L	Uric acid >408 micromol/L
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	0	6	0	0	0	6	15	0	0	2
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	3	0	0	0	6	8	0	0	1
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	1	5	0	0	0	5	17	0	0	4
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	3	0	0	0	6	7	0	1	1

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Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Vital Signs Abnormalities

"Criteria for potentially clinically significant vital sign abnormalities:~Systolic blood pressure (SBP) supine: <=95 mmHg and decrease from baseline (DFB) >=20 mmHg; >=160 mmHg and increase from baseline (IFB) >=20 mmHg~Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) supine: <=45 mmHg and DFB >=10 mmHg; >=110 mmHg and IFB ≥10 mmHg~SBP (Orthostatic): <=-20 mmHg~DBP (Orthostatic): <=-10 mmHg~Heart rate (HR) supine: <=50 beats per minute (bpm) and DFB >=20 bpm; >=120 bpm and IFB >=20 bpm~Weight: >=5% DFB; >=5% IFB" (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 58

,,,

Intervention	participants (Number)
	SBP (supine) <=95 mmHg and DFB >=20 mmHg	SBP (supine) >=160 mmHg and IFB >=20 mmHg	DBP (supine) <=45 mmHg and DFB >=10 mmHg	DBP (supine) >=110 mmHg and IFB >=10 mmHg	SBP (orthostatic) <=-20 mmHg	DBP (orthostatic) <=-10 mmHg	HR (supine) <=50 bpm and DFB >= 20 bpm	HR (supine) >=120 bpm and IFB >=20 bpm	Weight >=5% DFB	Weight >=5% IFB
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	0	1	0	0	5	5	1	0	2	12
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	1	0	0	8	3	0	0	1	3
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	0	1	0	0	9	10	1	0	0	7
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	0	1	0	0	5	3	0	0	1	2

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

Adverse event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received IMP and did not necessary have to had a causal relationship with treatment. All AEs that occurred from the first dose of the IMP administration up to 6 weeks after last dose of treatment (up to Week 58) were considered as TEAEs. SAEs were AEs resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly or a medically important event. TEAEs included both SAEs and non-SAEs. (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 58

,,,

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Any TEAE	SAE
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	25	1
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	14	0
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	28	2
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	13	3

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Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, 50 and 70 Responses at Week 52

ACR response is a composite rating scale that includes 7 variables: tender joints count (TJC [68 joints]); swollen joints count (SJC [66 joints]); levels of an acute phase reactant (high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP level]); participant's assessment of pain (measured on 0 [no pain]-100 mm [worst pain] visual analog scale [VAS]); participant's global assessment of disease activity (measured on 0 [no arthritis activity]-100 mm [maximal arthritis activity] VAS); physician's global assessment of disease activity (measured on 0 [no arthritis activity]-100 mm [maximal arthritis activity] VAS); participant's assessment of physical function (measured by Health Assessment Question-Disability Index [HAQ-DI], with scoring range of 0 [better health] - 3 [worst health]). ACR20/50/70 response is defined as at least 20/50/70% improvement in both TJC and SJC, and at least 20/50/70% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 other assessments, respectively. (NCT02373202)
Timeframe: Week 52

,,,

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	ACR20	ACR50	ACR70
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w	76.7	56.7	26.7
Sarilumab 150 mg q2w + DMARDs	73.3	60.0	53.3
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w	74.2	54.8	25.8
Sarilumab 200 mg q2w + DMARDs	40.0	33.3	26.7

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Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2	1	0
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	1.96	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	1.96	1	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid [no description available]	2.43	2	0	acetamides; anilide
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2	1	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	4	2	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
dapsone [no description available]	2	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	3.13	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.39	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.66	3	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
ioxaglate Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.	2	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	5.99	7	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lobenzarit lobenzarit: prevents autoimmune kidney disease in hybrid mice; RN given refers to parent cpd	5.01	5	0	aminobenzoic acid
pamidronate [no description available]	3.13	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	9.88	26	3
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	2.41	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	5.35	7	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	9.54	31	2	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	1.99	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.	1.99	1	0	trinitrobenzene	explosive
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	3.1	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.05	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	5.99	7	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.69	3	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	6.07	5	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.38	2	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
sodium hydride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	3.75	3	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2	1	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	3.54	2	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	2	1	0
halofuginone [no description available]	3.1	1	0	quinazolines
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.39	2	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.23	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
traxanox traxanox: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.06	1	0	pyridochromene
rentiapril rentiapril: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0
alanylproline alanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	1.98	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-l-phenylalanine glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.	1.98	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite; metabolite
mizoribine [no description available]	3.53	2	0	imidazoles	anticoronaviral agent
monobromobimane monobromobimane: fluorescent when reacted with thiol group; RN & N1 from CA Vol 91 Form Index; inhibits platelet calcium-dependent protease activity & the ability of dibucaine-stimulated platelets to support factor X activation; structure in first source. monobromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing three methyl substituents at positions 2, 5 and 6 as well as a bromomethyl substituent at the 3-position.	7.05	1	0	organobromine compound; pyrazolopyrazole	fluorochrome
iguratimod iguratimod: an immunosuppressive agent	4.07	2	0	organic molecular entity
methotrexate [no description available]	10.48	33	4	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
esonarimod esonarimod: suppresses lymphocyte activating factor activity or biosynthesis; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	aromatic ketone
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
compound 20 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.06	1	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
ceronapril ceronapril: structure given in first source; RN given for (S)-isomer	1.98	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
succinylproline [no description available]	1.98	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	1.99	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	7.04	7	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.	2.67	3	0
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	2.38	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	1.98	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.01	1	0
icodextrin Icodextrin: A glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity.	2	1	0
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2	1	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	1.98	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	13.96	175	10	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
n(alpha)-phosphorylalanylproline N(alpha)-phosphorylalanylproline: inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.98	1	0
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2	1	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
prolylvaline Val-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues.	1.98	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.01	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	3.1	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	1.99	1	0
lesinurad lesinurad: a uric acid reabsorption inhibitor. lesinurad : A member of the class of triazoles that is [(3-bromo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid substituted at position 1 of the triazole ring by a 4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl group. Used for treatment of gout.	3.23	1	0	aryl sulfide; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthalenes; organobromine compound; triazoles	uricosuric drug
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.47	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	3.1	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.1	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	4.02	2	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.89	4	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	1.99	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	12.69	99	10
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	1	14.69	99	10
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	1	5.53	2	0
Diathesis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available]	0	7.25	1	0
Galactorrhea Excessive or inappropriate LACTATION in females or males, and not necessarily related to PREGNANCY. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is HYPERPROLACTINEMIA.	0	7.25	1	0
Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)	0	2.25	1	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	2.47	2	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	0	4.05	5	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	0	4.05	5	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	3.23	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Lymphangiectasis A transient dilatation of the lymphatic vessels.	0	2.17	1	0
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	2.17	1	0
Lymphedema And Yellow Nails [description not available]	0	3.44	2	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	7.46	2	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	2.17	1	0
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	0	2.17	1	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	5.04	9	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	3.15	5	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	2.21	1	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	0	2.21	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	3.15	5	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	5.04	9	0
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Fractures, Ununited A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.08	1	0
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	0	2.08	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	2.08	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	6.01	5	2
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	6.7	9	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.39	2	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	3.63	3	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	3.63	3	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	2.42	2	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	0	2.04	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	2.05	1	0
Ache [description not available]	0	4.39	2	2
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	4.39	2	2
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	4.39	8	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	4.33	7	0
BOOP [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	3.63	3	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	3.63	3	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	4.51	5	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	3.36	2	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Infection [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	3.37	2	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	2.67	3	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	2.07	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	4.31	4	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	2.07	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	3.84	4	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	0	2.01	1	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	2.93	1	0
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	0	4.88	8	1
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	0	4.88	8	1
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	4.3	4	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	0	4.3	4	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.41	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	0	4.79	5	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	0	7.94	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	0	2.94	1	0
Myositis, Multiple [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	8.07	5	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	8.32	2	0
Polymyositis Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)	0	7.03	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	2.03	1	0
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	0	3.6	3	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	2.94	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.	0	2.03	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	4.7	2	1
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	0	2.95	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	3.32	2	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	0	2.95	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	4.7	2	1
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.	0	3.34	2	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	1.95	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	2.36	2	0
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	0	2.87	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	6.98	1	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	6.98	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	1.98	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	3.31	2	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	3.31	2	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	6.98	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	0	6.98	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	1.98	1	0
Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.	0	1.98	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	2.4	2	0
Arthritis, Post-Infectious [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Arthritis, Reactive An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.	0	1.99	1	0
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	0	7	1	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Ciliary Dyskinesia, Primary, 1 [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.	0	2	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	2	1	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	1.98	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	6.98	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	2.38	2	0
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.	0	1.98	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	0	1.97	1	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	0	6.97	1	0
Pemphigoid [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Pemphigoid, Bullous A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.	0	1.97	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	1.96	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	1.96	1	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.96	1	0
Angiitis [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	2.88	1	0

bucillamine

Cross-References

Synonyms (65)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (2)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (56)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (24)

Research

Studies (179)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 39.89

Study Types

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline at Week 52 in Disease Activity Score for 28 Joints Based on C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP)

Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Week 52

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Electrolytes

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Hematological Parameters

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Liver Function Parameters

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Metabolic Parameters

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Renal Function Parameters

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Vital Signs Abnormalities

Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, 50 and 70 Responses at Week 52

bucillamine

Cross-References

Synonyms (65)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (2)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (56)

Molecular Functions (16)

Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (24)

Research

Studies (179)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 39.89

Study Types

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline at Week 52 in Disease Activity Score for 28 Joints Based on C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP)

Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Week 52

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Electrolytes

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Hematological Parameters

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Liver Function Parameters

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Metabolic Parameters

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities: Renal Function Parameters

Number of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Vital Signs Abnormalities

Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

Percentage of Participants Achieving American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, 50 and 70 Responses at Week 52

Related Drugs (80)

Related Conditions (154)