Page last updated: 2024-12-05

triphenyltetrazolium chloride

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is a colorless, crystalline compound that is widely used as a stain in biological research. It is commonly used to assess cell viability and to detect metabolic activity in tissues. TTC is reduced by active mitochondrial enzymes to form a red-colored formazan product. This reduction process is dependent on the activity of the electron transport chain, which is a key metabolic pathway in living cells. The accumulation of formazan can be quantified using spectrophotometry or microscopy, providing a measure of the metabolic activity of the tissue. TTC is also used to assess the viability of seeds, to study the effects of environmental toxins on cells, and to monitor the progression of disease in animal models. Its synthesis involves the reaction of tetrazole with phenylmagnesium bromide.'

2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium as the counterion. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID9283
CHEMBL ID401540
CHEBI ID78019
SCHEMBL ID33487
MeSH IDM0310856

Synonyms (69)

Synonym
smr001566133
2h-tetrazolium,3,5-triphenyl-, chloride
2,5-triphenyl-2h-tetrazolium chloride
uroscreen
tetrazolium chloride
nsc-5053
vitastain
TTC ,
mls002702520 ,
urocheck
2,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
TT ,
1,5-triphenyl-2h-tetrazolium chloride
red tetrazolium
1,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
nsc5053
PTB ,
298-96-4
triphenyltetrazolium chloride
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, >=95%
tetrzolium chloride
ai3-50893
nsc 5053
1,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
2,3,5-triphenyl-2h-tetrazolium chloride
1,3,5-triphenyl-2h-tetrazolium chloride
einecs 206-071-6
T-6940
tetrazolium red
HMS1412L21
2,3,5-triphenyl-2h-tetrazol-3-ium chloride
CHEMBL401540
chebi:78019 ,
T0520
tetrazole red
AKOS001445309
d25727k0rb ,
2h-tetrazolium, 2,3,5-triphenyl-, chloride (1:1)
unii-d25727k0rb
FT-0609469
AM84909
triphenyltetrazolium chloride [mi]
2,3,5-triphenyl-2h-tetrazolium chloride (1:1)
SCHEMBL33487
CS-3521
cambridge id 5252916
J-610013
triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
J-670027
HY-D0714
mfcd00011963
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, >=99.0% (at)
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, jis special grade, 98.0-102.0%
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazol-2-ium;chloride
Q415248
SY061570
F20368
Z104473956
DS-13606
BCP15017
tetrazoliumred
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride;tptz;ttc
DTXSID30889340
red tetrazolium 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
ttc2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
triphenyl-3h-1,2lambda5,3,4-tetrazol-2-ylium chloride
EN300-19475
AC-37040
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
indicatorAnything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc.
dyenull
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
organic chloride salt
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (6)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
ClpPBacillus subtilisPotency31.62281.995322.673039.8107AID651965
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.49570.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.00527.809829.0929AID588855
hepatitis C virus polyproteinPotency24.99880.444510.437124.9988AID720575
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.59620.00419.984825.9290AID504444
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency63.09571.584919.626463.0957AID651644
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (16)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID317435Toxicity in CHO cells2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Anti-Plasmodium activity of tetrazolium salts.
AID317436Ratio of IC50 for CHO cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Anti-Plasmodium activity of tetrazolium salts.
AID317434Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum in LDH reporter assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 16, Issue:4
Anti-Plasmodium activity of tetrazolium salts.
AID735073Displacement of SYBR green I from salmon testes DNA assessed as compound treated with DNA followed by SYBR green I added relative to control2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5
The interaction of imidazole-, imidazolium-, and tetrazolium-containing compounds with DNA.
AID1159537qHTS screening for TAG (triacylglycerol) accumulators in algae2017Plant physiology, Aug, Volume: 174, Issue:4
Identification and Metabolite Profiling of Chemical Activators of Lipid Accumulation in Green Algae.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (7)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's2 (28.57)29.6817
2010's4 (57.14)24.3611
2020's1 (14.29)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 107.96

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index107.96 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.08 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.37 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index190.07 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (107.96)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other7 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]