| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent |
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound | anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
urethane
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | fungal metabolite;
mutagen |
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen |
n-nitrosomorpholine
N-nitrosomorpholine : A nitrosamine that is morpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. A carcinogen and mutagen, it is found in snuff tobacco. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent;
mutagen |
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | nitrosamine | geroprotector;
mutagen |
n-nitrosodiphenylamine
N-nitrosodiphenylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenylhydrazines | |
n-nitrosopiperidine
N-nitrosopiperidine: structure. N-nitrosopiperidine : A nitrosamine that is piperidine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. One of the many carcinogens detected in cigarette smoke, it is found in meat, cheese and spices that have been treated with the preservative sodium nitrite. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine;
piperidine | apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mutagen |
n,n'-dinitrosopiperazine
N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
diisopropylnitrosamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-methyl-n-nitrosoaniline
N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-nitroso(di-n-propyl)amine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | |
dibutylnitrosamine
dibutylnitrosamine: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | |
n-nitrosopyrrolidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine: Carcinogenic nitrosamine that may be formed from preservatives in meats during their preparation or in the liver during metabolism. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidines | |
n-nitrosoperhydroazepine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
nitrosobenzylmethylamine
nitrosobenzylmethylamine: structure | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | | |
n-nitrosodiethanolamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | |
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite |
tocopherols
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine
N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine
Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine;
primary alcohol | carcinogenic agent |
n-nitroso-n-methylvinylamine
N-nitroso-N-methylvinylamine: structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | |
n-nitrosodibenzylamine
N-nitrosodibenzylamine: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-nitroso-n-methylcyclohexylamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
1-nitrosopiperazine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phytanoyl-CoAs | |
nitrosomethyl-n-butylamine
nitrosomethyl-N-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
tungsten
Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
meladrazine
nitrosoproline: RN given refers to 1-nitroso-L-proline | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
methylethylnitrosamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | |
n-ethyl-n-hydroxyethylnitrosamine
N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is N-nitrosodiethylamine in which one of the ethyl froups has been replaced by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It is used to induce renal and liver tumours in rodents. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine;
primary alcohol | carcinogenic agent |
n-amyl-n-methylnitrosamine
N-methyl-N-pentylnitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has methyl and pentyl substituents. It is a potent oesophageal carcinogen. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent |
vinylethylnitrosamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-nitrososarcosine
N-nitrososarcosine : A nitrosamine that is sarcosine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | nitrosamine;
non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative | carcinogenic agent |
trinitrosotrimethylenetriamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,3,5-triazinanes;
nitrosamine | |
diallylnitrosamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-nitroso-n'-methylpiperazine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n'-nitrosonornicotine
N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyridines;
pyrrolidines | |
n-nitrosoephedrine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-nitrosoheptamethyleneimine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | |
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | benzenes;
phenyl acetates | |
diisopropanolnitrosamine
diisopropanolnitrosamine: experimental carcinogen. N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | diol;
nitrosamine;
secondary alcohol | carcinogenic agent |
n-nitrosomethyldodecylamine
N-nitrosomethyldodecylamine: product of reaction of dimethyl-n-dodecylamine with nitrous acid | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n,n-dinitrosohomopiperazine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine
methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in seventh source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine
nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine: structure. nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine : A nitrosamine that is iminodiacetone that is substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It induces pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters (other rodents are not susceptible). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ketone;
nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent |
sodium molybdate(vi)
sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | poison |
n-nitrosoguvacoline
N-nitrosoguvacoline: formed by nitrosation of arecoline | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | citraconoyl group | |
2-hydroxypropyl-n-propylnitrosamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
2-oxopropyl-n-propylnitrosamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
alpha-glutamyltryptophan
alpha-glutamyltryptophan: RN refers to L-isomer; a naturally occurring thymic immunomodulator. Glu-Trp : A dipeptide composed of L-glutamic acid and L-tryptophan joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite |
3-nitrosomethylaminopyridine
3-nitrosomethylaminopyridine: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
2-nitrosomethylaminopyridine
2-nitrosomethylaminopyridine: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
4-nitrosomethylaminopyridine
4-nitrosomethylaminopyridine: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
n,n-diamylnitrosamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid;
vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule |
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound | |
thymic factor, circulating
thymalin: see also thymarin | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
4-(carboethoxyphenyl)retinamide
viaminate: structure in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-(4-carboxyphenyl)retinamide
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison |
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ascorbic acid;
vitamin C | coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent |