Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle

Proteins (40)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrialEC 2.3.1.12; 70 kDa mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis; PBC; Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; M2 antigen complex 70 kDa subunit; Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component E2; PDC-E2; PDCE2Homo sapiens (human)
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialEC 1.3.5.1; Iron-sulfur subunit of complex II; IpHomo sapiens (human)
Basigin5F7; Collagenase stimulatory factor; Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer; EMMPRIN; Hepatoma-associated antigen; HAb18G; Leukocyte activation antigen M6; OK blood group antigen; Tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor; TCSFHomo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrialIDH; EC 1.1.1.42; ICD-M; IDP; NADP(+)-specific ICDH; Oxalosuccinate decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Acylpyruvase FAHD1, mitochondrialEC 3.7.1.5; Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein 1; FAH domain-containing protein 1; Oxaloacetate decarboxylase; OAA decarboxylase; 4.1.1.112; YisK-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Maleylacetoacetate isomeraseMAAI; EC 5.2.1.2; GSTZ1-1; Glutathione S-transferase zeta 1; 2.5.1.18Homo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chainLDH-A; EC 1.1.1.27; Cell proliferation-inducing gene 19 protein; LDH muscle subunit; LDH-M; Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-59Homo sapiens (human)
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaNuclear receptor subfamily 2 group B member 1; Retinoid X receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaPPAR-delta; NUCI; Nuclear hormone receptor 1; NUC1; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 2; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta; PPAR-betaHomo sapiens (human)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrialPDHE1-B; EC 1.2.4.1Homo sapiens (human)
Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrialEC 6.2.1.5; ATP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit beta; A-SCS; Succinyl-CoA synthetase beta-A chain; SCS-betaAHomo sapiens (human)
Citrate synthase, mitochondrialEC 2.3.3.1; Citrate (Si)-synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrialEC 1.1.1.41; Isocitric dehydrogenase subunit alpha; NAD(+)-specific ICDH subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, mitochondrialHOT; EC 1.1.99.24; Alcohol dehydrogenase iron-containing protein 1; ADHFe1; Fe-containing alcohol dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase B chainLDH-B; EC 1.1.1.27; LDH heart subunit; LDH-H; Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-46Homo sapiens (human)
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrialEC 1.3.5.1; Flavoprotein subunit of complex II; FpHomo sapiens (human)
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 1.1.1.37Homo sapiens (human)
Lactoylglutathione lyaseEC 4.4.1.5; Aldoketomutase; Glyoxalase I; Glx I; Ketone-aldehyde mutase; Methylglyoxalase; S-D-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal lyaseHomo sapiens (human)
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2Brain protein 44Homo sapiens (human)
Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrialAconitase; EC 4.2.1.3; Citrate hydro-lyaseHomo sapiens (human)
Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrialIntegral membrane protein CII-3; QPs-1; QPs1; Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C; Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase cytochrome B large subunit; CYBLHomo sapiens (human)
[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrialEC 2.7.11.2; Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 2; PDH kinase 2; PDKIIHomo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase C chainLDH-C; EC 1.1.1.27; Cancer/testis antigen 32; CT32; LDH testis subunit; LDH-XHomo sapiens (human)
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1VDAC-1; hVDAC1; Outer mitochondrial membrane protein porin 1; Plasmalemmal porin; Porin 31HL; Porin 31HMHomo sapiens (human)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component, mitochondrialDihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; E3-binding protein; E3BP; Lipoyl-containing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X; proXHomo sapiens (human)
Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrialEC 6.2.1.4; EC 6.2.1.5; Succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit alpha; SCS-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 1.1.99.2; DuraninHomo sapiens (human)
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrialEC 2.3.1.61; 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex component E2; OGDC-E2; Dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; E2KHomo sapiens (human)
Succinate--CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrialEC 6.2.1.4; GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit beta; G-SCS; GTPSCS; Succinyl-CoA synthetase beta-G chain; SCS-betaGHomo sapiens (human)
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrialCybS; CII-4; QPs3; Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D; Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase cytochrome b small subunit; Succinate-ubiquinone reductase membrane anchor subunitHomo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrialIsocitric dehydrogenase subunit beta; NAD(+)-specific ICDH subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrialFumarase; HsFH; EC 4.2.1.2Homo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit gamma, mitochondrialIsocitric dehydrogenase subunit gamma; NAD(+)-specific ICDH subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 7.1.1.1; Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase; Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6ALDHA-like protein 6A; EC 1.1.1.27Homo sapiens (human)
D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 1.1.99.-Homo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6BEC 1.1.1.27Homo sapiens (human)
[Pyruvate dehydrogenase [acetyl-transferring]]-phosphatase 1, mitochondrialPDP 1; EC 3.1.3.43; Protein phosphatase 2C; Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1; PDPC 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Pyruvate dehydrogenase [acetyl-transferring]]-phosphatase 2, mitochondrialPDP 2; EC 3.1.3.43; Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2; PDPC 2Homo sapiens (human)
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1Brain protein 44-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)

Compounds (40)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
cobaltA trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.
l-lactic acid
GlutathioneA tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
Thiamine PyrophosphateThe coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.
Succinate
NADH
ManganeseA trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
4-hydroxybutyric acidwas an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98)
citric acid, anhydrous
hydrochloric acidA strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.
ZincA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Orthophosphate
tretinoinAn important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).
fumaric acidsee also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
MagnesiumA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Guanosine MonophosphateA guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.
succinyl-coenzyme A
1,5-dihydro-FADchromophore component of E coli DNA photolyase
Guanosine DiphosphateA guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.
Pyruvic AcidAn intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
alpha-Ketoglutarate
OxaloacetateAn anionic form of oxaloacetic acid.
alpha-hydroxyglutarate, (l)-isomer
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
glyoxylic acidRN given refers to parent cpd
lipoamideRN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
pyruvaldehydeAn organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.
Coenzyme A
Dichloroacetic AcidA derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains two CHLORINE atoms attached to its methyl group.
d-2-hydroxyglutarate
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
creolinfrom refined coal tar oils