1-methyl-4-(methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine profile

1-methyl-4-(methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, more commonly known as **MPTP**, is a neurotoxin that has played a crucial role in research, particularly in understanding the mechanisms of **Parkinson's disease**.

**Here's why it's important:**

* **Mimicking Parkinson's:** MPTP causes a condition in humans and animals that closely resembles Parkinson's disease. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, a brain region critical for movement control. This makes it a valuable tool for studying the disease's progression and testing potential therapies.

* **Understanding the disease mechanism:** MPTP's toxic effect is due to its conversion to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain. MPP+ then enters dopaminergic neurons and disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to cell death. This has helped researchers understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's.

* **Developing new therapies:** The research on MPTP has led to the development of drugs that inhibit MAO-B, like selegiline and rasagiline. These drugs can help slow the progression of Parkinson's by preventing the formation of MPP+.

* **Uncovering other potential neurotoxins:** Research with MPTP has also led to the identification of other environmental toxins that may contribute to Parkinson's disease, like rotenone, which also inhibits mitochondrial function.

**It's important to note:**

* MPTP is highly toxic and should never be handled without proper safety precautions.
* While MPTP is a valuable tool for research, it's not a direct cause of Parkinson's disease in most cases. The disease is likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

In summary, MPTP has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of Parkinson's disease. It's a powerful tool for research that has helped us learn about the disease's mechanisms, develop potential therapies, and identify other possible environmental risk factors.

1-methyl-4-(methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	130609
CHEMBL ID	51737
SCHEMBL ID	1521832
MeSH ID	M0151718

Synonym
NCI60_029911
1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2h-pyridine
1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1h-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine oxalate
CHEMBL51737
1-methyl-4-(methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-4-(methylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridine
109835-15-6
pyridine, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1h-pyrrol-2-yl)-
1,2,3,6-tmmp
bdbm11019
1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1h-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
SCHEMBL1521832
DTXSID50911374

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
primary amine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Bos taurus (cattle)
aliphatic amine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Bos taurus (cattle)
monoamine oxidase activity	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Bos taurus (cattle)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
mitochondrion	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Bos taurus (cattle)
mitochondrial outer membrane	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Bos taurus (cattle)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID229784	Ratio of Kcat versus Km was determined	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-20, Volume: 42, Issue:10	Studies on the monoamine oxidase-B-catalyzed biotransformation of 4-azaaryl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives.
AID488084	Activity at baboon liver mitochondrial MAO-B assessed as H2O2 production at 250 uM after 6 to 15 mins pretreated with (R)-deprenyl	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11	Interactions of 1-methyl-3-phenylpyrrolidine and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane with monoamine oxidase B.
AID127348	Binding affinity towards monoaminooxidase Relative to MPTP	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 36, Issue:20	QSAR's from similarity matrices. Technique validation and application in the comparison of different similarity evaluation methods.
AID126503	Kcat against bovine liver Monoamine oxidase B	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-20, Volume: 42, Issue:10	Studies on the monoamine oxidase-B-catalyzed biotransformation of 4-azaaryl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives.
AID126515	Km against bovine liver Monoamine oxidase B	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-20, Volume: 42, Issue:10	Studies on the monoamine oxidase-B-catalyzed biotransformation of 4-azaaryl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives.
AID488095	Activity at baboon liver mitochondrial MAO-B assessed as initial rate of H2O2 production after 10 mins	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11	Interactions of 1-methyl-3-phenylpyrrolidine and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane with monoamine oxidase B.
AID19439	Partition coefficient (logP)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-20, Volume: 42, Issue:10	Studies on the monoamine oxidase-B-catalyzed biotransformation of 4-azaaryl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives.
AID488096	Ratio of Vmax to Km for baboon liver mitochondrial MAO-B assessed per mg of protein after 10 mins	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11	Interactions of 1-methyl-3-phenylpyrrolidine and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane with monoamine oxidase B.
AID488094	Activity at baboon liver mitochondrial MAO-B assessed as initial rate of H2O2 production after 10 mins assessed per mg of mitochondrial protein	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11	Interactions of 1-methyl-3-phenylpyrrolidine and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane with monoamine oxidase B.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (37.50)	18.7374
1990's	4 (50.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	1 (12.50)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	8 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	1.98	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	1.98	1	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-chlorobenzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	monochlorobenzoic acid	drug metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	1.97	1	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	1.98	1	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	3.08	5	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	1.97	1	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	1.98	1	clonidine; imidazoline
corticosterone [no description available]	1.98	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.	1.98	1	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	1.98	1	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen.	1.97	1
4-nitrobenzoic acid 4-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrobenzoic acid : A nitrobenzoic acid having the nitro group at the 4-position.	1.98	1	nitrobenzoic acid
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	1.98	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	1.98	1	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	1.98	1	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
4-chlorobenzoic acid 4-chlorobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chlorobenzoic acid : A monochlorobenzoic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	1.98	1	monochlorobenzoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
4-tert-butylbenzoic acid 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	alkylbenzene
3-toluic acid 3-toluic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	methylbenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
3-aminobenzoic acid 3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.	1.98	1	aminobenzoic acid
3-hydroxybenzoic acid 3-hydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc.	1.98	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	bacterial metabolite; plant metabolite
4-toluic acid 4-toluic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. p-toluic acid : A methylbenzoic acid in which the methyl substituent is located at position 4.	1.98	1	methylbenzoic acid
4-anisic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4.	1.98	1	methoxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.	2.05	1	aralkylamine; primary amine	allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
3-nitrobenzoic acid 3-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1
pregnenolone [no description available]	1.98	1	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
kynuramine Kynuramine: An aromatic ketone containing the aniline structure (ANILINE COMPOUNDS).. kynuramine : A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group.	2.05	1	kynurenamines; primary amino compound	metabolite
4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid 4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid : A benzoic acid carrying a 4-trifluoromethyl substituent.	1.98	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzoic acids
3-fluorobenzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	fluorobenzoic acid
4-fluorobenzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	fluorobenzoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	1.98	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-methoxybenzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	methoxybenzoic acid	flavouring agent; human urinary metabolite
4-bromobenzoic acid 4-bromobenzoic acid : A bromobenzoic acid carrying a single bromo subsituent at the 4-position.	1.98	1	bromobenzoic acid
3-iodobenzoate 3-iodobenzoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 3-iodobenzoic acid : An iodobenzoic acid with a single iodo substituent placed at the 3-position.	1.98	1	iodobenzoic acid
4-ethylbenzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	benzoic acids
4-cyanobenzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1
st 91 ST 91: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	substituted aniline
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	1.98	1	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1
tiazuril [no description available]	1.98	1	aryl sulfide
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	1.98	1
xylonidine xylonidine: alpha adrenoreceptor stimulation by above cpd mainly inhibits the release of mediator and/or the bronchoconstriction caused by moderate activation of sensory nerves; forced molting agent; structure given in first source	1.98	1
1-methyl-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [no description available]	1.98	1
4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1
4-(methylthio)benzoic acid [no description available]	1.98	1
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone 17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone: A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.. 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone carrying an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17.	1.98	1	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; hydroxypregnenolone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: more potent dopaminergic neurotoxic compound than MPTP in mice	1.98	1
4-mercaptobenzoate 4-mercaptobenzoate: substrate for 4-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase	1.98	1
2,5-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3h-pyrazolo(4,3-c)quinolin-3-one [no description available]	1.98	1
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source	1.98	1	beta-carbolines
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source	1.98	1	beta-carbolines
2-methyltryptoline 2-methyltryptoline: enzymatic preparation from human brain converts methyltyptamine to methyltryptoline; structure	1.98	1	beta-carbolines
3-ethoxy-beta-carboline 3-ethoxy-beta-carboline: high affinity benzodiazepine receptor ligand with partial inverse agonist properties	1.98	1
tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist	1.98	1
1-methyl-4-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [no description available]	1.98	1
1-methyl-4-(2'-ethylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [no description available]	1.98	1
4-benzyl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 4-benzyl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: structure given in first source; RN given is for HCl	1.98	1
n-propyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine N-propyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: structure given in first source	1.98	1
cortisone [no description available]	1.98	1	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	1.98	1	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	1.97	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
diclazuril [no description available]	1.98	1	nitrile
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2	1	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-propoxy-beta-carboline 3-propoxy-beta-carboline: structure in first source	1.98	1
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.	1.98	1	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
1-Ethyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole [no description available]	1.98	1	harmala alkaloid
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source	1.97	1
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.37	2

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.05	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.97	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.97	1

1-methyl-4-(methylpyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (14)

Protein Targets (1)

Other Measurements

Molecular Functions (3)

Ceullar Components (2)

Bioassays (9)

Research

Studies (8)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.07

Study Types