thymalfasin profile

Thymalfasin: A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Thymus	genus	[no description available]	Lamiaceae	The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	16130571
CHEMBL ID	2103979
CHEBI ID	135915
SCHEMBL ID	15531955
MeSH ID	M0086869

Synonym
thymosin-alpha-1 & .alpha. ifn
69521-94-4
zadaxin
ac-sdaavdtsseittkdlkekkevveeaen-cooh
thymosin-alpha-1
emz702
thymosin .alpha.1
thymosin .alpha.1 (cattle)
thymlfasin
.alpha.1-thymosinthymalfasin
62304-98-7
thymosin alpha1 (human)
thymalfasin
thymosin alpha1 (ox)
thymosin alpha1 (cattle)
n-acetyl-l-seryl-l-alpha-aspartyl-l-alanyl-l-alanyl-l-valyl-l-alpha-aspartyl-l-threonyl-l-seryl-l-seryl-l-alpha-glutamyl-l-isoleucyl-l-threonyl-l-threonyl-l-lysyl-l-alpha-aspartyl-l-leucyl-l-lysyl-l-alpha-glutamyl-l-lysyl-l-lysyl-l-alpha-glutamyl-l-valyl-
l-asparagine, n-acetyl-l-seryl-l-alpha-aspartyl-l-alanyl-l-alanyl-l-valyl-l-alpha-asparatyl-l-threonyl-l-seryl-l-seryl-l-alpha-glutamyl-l-isoleucyl-l-threonyl-l-threonyl-l-lysyl-l-alpha-aspartyl-l-leucyl-l-lysyl-l-alpha-glutamyl-l-lysyl-l-lysyl-l-alpha-gl
thymalfasin [usan:inn]
alpha1-thymosinthymalfasin
ccris 7707
thymosin alpha(1)
alpha1-thymosin
thymosin alpha1
CHEBI:135915
w0b22isq1c ,
unii-w0b22isq1c
AKOS015994639
CHEMBL2103979
thymosins thymalfasin
thymosin alpha 1
HS-2030
SCHEMBL15531955
thymosin i+/-1 bovine
thymosin alpha1 bovine, >=90% (hplc)
ac-ser-asp-ala-ala-val-asp-thr-ser-ser-glu-ile-thr-thr-lys-asp-leu-lys-glu-lys-lys-glu-val-val-glu-glu-ala-glu-asn-oh
thymosin \|a1
DTXSID80211374
thymosin a1 (cattle)
thymosin a1thymosin a1
AC-8935

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Thymalfasin is an important peptide drug widely used for the single or combination treatment of hepatitis, sepsis, cancer, and immunodeficiency. "	( Identification and determination of structurally related peptide impurities in thymalfasin by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cheng, Y; Kan, Y; Li, H; Li, M; Wu, P, 2022)	2.39

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Thymalfasin has shown efficacy in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. "	( Efficacy of triple therapy with thymalfasin, peginterferon alpha-2a, and ribavirin for the treatment of hispanic chronic HCV nonresponders. Cano, C; García Samper, X; Góngora, J; Kershenobich, D; Parada, M; Poo, JL; Sánchez Avila, F; Torress-Ibarra, R; Uribe, M, )	1.86

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Thymosin alpha 1 was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events."	( A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 in augmenting immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients with low CD4 counts taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. Chadwick, D; Gotch, F; Imami, N; Paton, NI; Pido-Lopez, J; Pires, A; Ravindran, S; Villacian, JS, 2003)	0.32
" All adverse drug reactions were mild and most involved the fluctuation of liver enzymes, which was most likely related to the positive immune effects caused by the response to Talpha1 treatment."	( The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha-1 in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B; results from a randomized clinical trial. Iino, S; Kakumu, S; Kiyosawa, K; Kumada, H; Martins, EB; Sata, M; Suzuki, H; Toyota, J, 2005)	0.33
" In addition, the number of adverse events was significantly reduced by ETV plus Tα1, compared to ETV alone (RR = 0."	( The clinical efficacy and adverse effects of Entecavir plus Thymosin alpha-1 combination therapy versus Entecavir Monotherapy in HBV-related cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, JH; Hou, M; Li, B; Li, C; Peng, D; Wang, XF; Xing, HY, 2020)	0.56
"ETV plus Tα1 might lead to a higher clinical response and a lower comprehensive adverse reaction rate in HBV-related patients with cirrhosis, compared to ETV alone."	( The clinical efficacy and adverse effects of Entecavir plus Thymosin alpha-1 combination therapy versus Entecavir Monotherapy in HBV-related cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, JH; Hou, M; Li, B; Li, C; Peng, D; Wang, XF; Xing, HY, 2020)	0.56
"Tα1 is safe for patients with HBV-related ACLF and significantly improves the 90-day liver transplantation-free survival rate."	( Safety and efficacy of Thymosin α1 in the treatment of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a randomized controlled trial. Cao, HJ; Chen, JF; Chen, SR; Gao, ZL; Lei, ZY; Lin, BL; Lin, DN; Weng, WZ; Xiong, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, SQ; Zheng, YB, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Results demonstrated that PEGylated sites and regions influenced the conformations and pharmacokinetic profiles of the peptide greatly with following order: alpha-helix, beta-turn, random coil and terminals, but little on the immunoactivity."	( Studies of bioactivity, conformation and pharmacokinetic profiles of site-specific PEGylated thymosin alpha 1 derivatives. Dong, S; Liu, K; Ma, J; Qi, C; Qie, J; Sun, H; Wang, L; Xie, J; Xu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X; Zheng, J; Zhou, W, 2007)	0.34
" The pharmacokinetic data of rHSA-L-Talpha1 and rHSA-Talpha1 administered in rats showed an improved pharmacokinetic profile with a conspicuous prolonged half life."	( Bioactivity and pharmacokinetics of two human serum albumin-thymosin alpha1-fusion proteins, rHSA-Talpha1 and rHSA-L-Talpha1, expressed in recombinant Pichia pastoris. Chen, J; Chen, JH; Cheng, DS; Jiang, YT; Tang, L; Wang, M; Yan, LY; Yin, YW; Zhang, XG, 2010)	0.36

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"To evaluate the therapeutic effect of ulinastatin combined with thymosin α1 in the treatment of severe sepsis in rats."	( [Ulinastatin combined with thymosin α1 for treatment of severe sepsis: a histopathological observation in rats]. Deng, Q; Guo, J; Guo, X; He, Z; Lin, H; Liu, S; Zhang, Y, 2012)	0.38
"To explore the role of human immunoglobulin (Ig) and thymosin α1 therapy for severe sepsis through comparison between bundles combined with human immunoglobulin (Ig) and thymosin α1 therapy group (A group) and bundles group (B group)."	( The Therapeutic Effects of Thymosin α1 Combined with Human Immunoglobulin (Ig) and Bundles on Severe Sepsis: a Retrospective Study. Li, CS; Li, Y, 2015)	0.42
"A total of 526 subjects with severe sepsis in the ICU were divided into two groups: bundles combined with human immunoglobulin (Ig) and thymosin α1 therapy (A group) and bundles (B group)."	( The Therapeutic Effects of Thymosin α1 Combined with Human Immunoglobulin (Ig) and Bundles on Severe Sepsis: a Retrospective Study. Li, CS; Li, Y, 2015)	0.42
"Bundles combined with human immunoglobulin (Ig) and thymosin α1 therapy may reduce APACHE II and SOFA scores, shorten the time of artificial ventilation and length of ICU stay, and improve the prognosis of subjects with severe sepsis."	( The Therapeutic Effects of Thymosin α1 Combined with Human Immunoglobulin (Ig) and Bundles on Severe Sepsis: a Retrospective Study. Li, CS; Li, Y, 2015)	0.42
"To assess the effects of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) ulinastatin combined with thymosin alpha1 (Tα1) on sepsis."	( Effect of ulinastatin combined with thymosin alpha1 on sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Chinese and Indian patients. Chen, Y; Fu, H; Liu, D; Wan, B; Xin, F; Yin, J; Yu, Z; Zhang, H, 2017)	0.46
"Treatment of UTI combined with Tα1 (UTI+Tα1) decreased the short-term mortality rate in septic patients by 36%, 35%, and 31% for 28, 60, 90 days, respectively."	( Effect of ulinastatin combined with thymosin alpha1 on sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Chinese and Indian patients. Chen, Y; Fu, H; Liu, D; Wan, B; Xin, F; Yin, J; Yu, Z; Zhang, H, 2017)	0.46
"This study aimed to research the clinical effect of Xuebijing combined with thymosin α1 on patients with severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis, and its effect on serum inflammatory factors."	( Clinical effect of Xuebijing combined with thymosinα1 on patients with severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis and its effect on serum inflammatory factors. Chen, Y; Gu, T; Li, S; Wang, J; Zhou, L, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The dose-response relationship for these effects is not linear and may be bimodal."	( Thymosin alpha-1 as adjunct for conventional therapy of malignant tumors: a review. Bepler, G, 1994)	0.29
" Our experiments did not show any great differences in the overall efficacy of the two drugs, although they showed quite a different dose-response effect."	( Effect of synthetic thymic hormones on the cocaine-induced inhibition of the primary immune response in mice. Di Francesco, P; Falchetti, R; Favalli, C; Garaci, E; Gaziano, R; Lanzilli, G; Ravagnan, G, 1993)	0.29
" Dose-response studies demonstrated that 10 micrograms/ml of TF5 was the lowest concentration capable of enhancing IL-6 production."	( Thymosin stimulates interleukin-6 production from rat spleen cells in vitro. Attia, WY; Badamchian, M; Goldstein, AL; Spangelo, BL, )	0.13
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of thymosin alpha-1 (TA1) are reviewed."	( Thymosin alpha-1. Ancell, CD; Phipps, J; Young, L, 2001)	0.31
" Daily dosing of 100 mg reduces serum HBV-DNA to below detectable levels within 6 weeks."	( Treatment of chronic hepatitis B: case selection and duration of therapy. Leung, N, 2002)	0.31
"6 mg subcutaneously (sc), twice a week] and interferon alpha-2b (10 MIU sc, three times per week) for 26 weeks, subsequently followed by interferon alpha-2b monotherapy at the same dosage for an additional 26 weeks."	( Long-term outcomes of thymosin-alpha 1 and interferon alpha-2b combination therapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative chronic hepatitis B. Ayhan, S; Hock, LM; Ozden, N; Saruc, M; Turkel, N; Tuzcuoglu, I; Yuceyar, H, 2003)	0.32
"6 mg per day for 7 days (as treatment group 1, adopted in the first trial), or double dosage of the above agents (as treatment group 2, adopted in the second trial)."	( [Clinical trial with a new immunomodulatory strategy: treatment of severe sepsis with Ulinastatin and Maipuxin]. Lin, HY, 2007)	0.34
" Dose-response studies suggested the possibility of improving the efficacy of this molecule reducing the overall toxic."	( Thymosin alpha 1: from bench to bedside. Bistoni, F; Favalli, C; Garaci, E; Mastino, A; Matteucci, C; Palamara, AT; Pica, F; Pierimarchi, P; Rasi, G; Romani, L; Serafino, A; Sinibaldi Vallebona, P, 2007)	0.34
" As to in vivo studies, treatment of rh-T alpha 1 at either dosage did not significantly alter the liver weight."	( Effect of recombinant human thymosin-alpha1, an immuno-modulating peptide with 28 amino acids, on the activity of cytochrome P450s. He, F; Huang, M; Lin, Y; Wang, B; Zhou, SF, 2007)	0.34

Class	Description
polypeptide	A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	137 (24.82)	18.7374
1990's	88 (15.94)	18.2507
2000's	141 (25.54)	29.6817
2010's	135 (24.46)	24.3611
2020's	51 (9.24)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	80 (13.54%)	5.53%
Reviews	83 (14.04%)	6.00%
Case Studies	8 (1.35%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.17%)	0.25%
Other	419 (70.90%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (42)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase II Study of Thymopeptide a1 During Split-course Chemoradiotherapy to Reduce Acute Pneumonia For Bulky None-small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT03659578]	Phase 2	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-09	Completed
A Phase III, Multicentre, Double Blinded Study In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Who Are Non-Responders To Prior Peginterferon Alpha + Ribavirin Therapy Comparing Treatment With Thymosin Alpha 1 + Peginterferon Alpha-2a Plus Ribavirin With Peginterfero [NCT01178996]	Phase 3	552 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-12-31	Completed
Thymosin Alpha 1 in the Prevention of Pancreatic Infection Following Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [NCT02473406]	Phase 4	508 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-27	Completed
A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Ta1) to Treat COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Lymphocytopenia [NCT04487444]	Phase 2	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-10	Terminated(stopped due to The study was terminated due to slow enrollment and the transfer of the PI to another institution.)
Long-term Prognosis After Thymosin Alpha 1 Treatment in Patients With Sepsis: A Multicenter Cohort Study [NCT04901104]		900 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-07-01	Not yet recruiting
Investigator Initiated Study of Thymosin in HBV-related HCC [NCT02281266]	Phase 4	360 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label Control Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy of Thymalfasin and Entecavir in HBeAg-positive ETV-experienced Patients [NCT03448744]	Phase 4	240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-10-25	Recruiting
Therapeutic Safety and Efficacy of REP 2139 (REP 9AC') in HBV Infected Patients [NCT02646189]	Phase 1/Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
A Phase II, Multicentre, Open, Randomised, Dose Ranging Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Combination Therapy Containing Dacarbazine (DTIC) Plus Low Dose Interferon Alpha (aIFN) Plus Thymosin a1 Versus Both DTIC Plus Thymosin a1 and DTIC Plus aIFN in P [NCT00911443]	Phase 2	488 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-07-31	Completed
A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Ta1) to Prevent COVID-19 Infection in Renal Dialysis Patients [NCT04428008]	Phase 2	262 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-12	Active, not recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor and Thymalfasin in pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Middle and Low Rectal Cancer: An Open, Multi-center, Prospective, Single-arm Phase II Clinical Study [NCT06056804]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Not yet recruiting
Treatment of Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors Based on Precise Thymalfasin-regulated PRaG Mode: an Open-label, Prospective, Multicenter Study (PRaG 5.0 Study) [NCT05790447]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-01	Recruiting
Combination Treatment of Polyethylene Glycol Thymosin alpha1 (PEG-Tα1) and Adefovir for Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg)-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multi-center Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-controlled Phase Ⅲ Trial [NCT02366247]	Phase 3	463 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Study of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and ZADAXIN's® (Thymalfasin) Induced Tumor Effects in Patients With Heavily Pretreated, Metastatic Esophageal Cancer [NCT02545751]	Phase 2	29 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Recruiting
Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Thymosin alpha1 in Patients With Severe Sepsis [NCT00711620]		366 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
A Phase II Study of Radiotherapy and ZADAXIN's® (Thymalfasin) Induced Abscopal Effect in Patients With Heavily Pretreated, Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. [NCT02542930]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to No recruitment.)
Thymosin Alpha 1 Plus Maintenance Therapy With the Standard of Care (SoC) Chemotherapy Plus Cisplatin (or Carboplatin) in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), EGFR Wild Type [NCT02906150]	Phase 2	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Phase II Study of Radiotherapy and ZADAXIN's® (Thymalfasin) Induced Abscopal Effect in Patients With Heavily Pretreated, Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT02542137]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to No recruitment.)
A Phase II Trial of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Combined With Thymosin for Metastatic NSCLC Patients Who Showed Stable Disease After First Line TKI Therapy [NCT02787447]	Phase 2	46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycolated IL-2 (PEG IL-2) Plus Zidovudine and Thymosin Alpha 1 in HIV-Positive, Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Individuals [NCT00001036]	Phase 1	12 participants	Interventional		Completed
The Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin Alpha 1 for Sepsis: a Multicenter , Double-Blinded, Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT02867267]	Phase 3	1,106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-06	Completed
A Pilot, Randomized, Open-label Study in Patients on Chronic Dialysis With End Stage Renal Disease (Esrd), to Evaluate the Enhancing Effect of Two Doses of Thymosin Alpha 1 on the Immunogenicity of h1n1sw Monovalent Vaccine [NCT01031966]	Phase 2	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
A Prospective, Open, Randomized Controlled Stage II Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin Alpha-1 in Treating Moderate to Severe Immune-related Adverse Events [NCT06178146]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Recruiting
Efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 on Improving Monocyte Function for Sepsis [NCT02883595]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
A Phase II Study of Radiotherapy and ZADAXIN's® (Thymalfasin) Induced Abscopal Effect in Patients With Heavily Pretreated, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer [NCT02535988]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to No recruitment.)
First Line Bio-immunotherapy With Thymosin Alpha 1 in Patients With Sensitizing EGFR Mutation Positive Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Are Taking Standard of Care Therapy [NCT02906163]	Phase 1/Phase 2	188 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin-α1 Administration in Patients With HBV-related Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure [NCT03082885]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-10	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor and Thymalfasin for Locally Advanced Mid-low Rectal Cancer: a Single-center, Retrospective, Controlled Study [NCT06024356]		26 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-09-20	Not yet recruiting
An Clinic Trial of Recombinant Human Interferon Alpha Nasal Drops to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Medical Staff in Epidemic Area [NCT04320238]	Phase 3	2,944 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-21	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Combination Therapy for HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis B: Comparing Thymosin Alpha 1 and Pegylated Interferon-alpha2a With Pegylated Interferon-alpha2a Alone. [NCT00291616]	Phase 4	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
A Trial of Thymalfasin With Trans Arterial Chemo-Embolization (TACE) in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase II Trial [NCT00082082]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Effects of Thymosin α1 on Inflammatory Response for Acute Aortic Syndrome Patients [NCT05339529]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
Phase I/II Clinical Trial on Thymosin Alfa 1 of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation [NCT00580450]	Phase 1/Phase 2	9 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Thymosin α1 Use in Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass [NCT05487469]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
[NCT00040027]	Phase 3	500 participants	Interventional	2002-04-30	Completed
[NCT00039962]	Phase 3	500 participants	Interventional	2002-05-31	Completed
A Prospective Phase II Controlled Study to Evaluate the Impact of Thymosin Alpha 1 on the Completion Rate of Consolidation Immunotherapy After Radical Radiochemotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT06139419]	Phase 2	114 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-25	Recruiting
A Prospective Single-arm Cohort Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Thymalfasin (Zadaxin®) in the Treatment of HIV-positive Patients With Immune Reconstitution Disorders [NCT04963712]	Early Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-01	Completed
Combination Treatment of Polyethylene Glycol Thymosin alpha1 (PEG-Tα1) and Adefovir for Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) -Positive Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multi-center Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-controlled Phase II Trial [NCT02366208]	Phase 2	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
Effect of Refnot on Immunity in Cancer Patients [NCT05898451]	Phase 2	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-04	Completed
The Efficacy and Safety of Thymosin-alpha 1 Used for Adjuvant Treatment After Radical Resection of High-risk Stage II and Stage III Colorectal Cancer [NCT05086614]	Phase 3	2,500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Recruiting
Immunotherapy for Elderly Patients With Chronic Osteoporotic Pain [NCT04524169]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-01	Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00911443 (3) [back to overview]	Overall Survival
NCT00911443 (3) [back to overview]	Overall Tumor Response
NCT00911443 (3) [back to overview]	Progression Free Survival

Overall Survival

The survival time for each patient is defined as the time between randomization and death. Patients lost to follow-up or still alive at the date of last evaluation have been censored. (NCT00911443)
Timeframe: 2 years

Intervention	months (Median)
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 1.6 mg	9.3
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 3.2 mg	8.6
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 6.4 mg	10.3
Dacarbazin + Thymosin-alpha-1 3.2 mg	9.3
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha	6.6

[back to top]

Overall Tumor Response

Tumor response is measured according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) computing number of Complete Response plus Partial Response (NCT00911443)
Timeframe: 1 year

Intervention	participants (Number)
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 1.6 mg	7
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 3.2 mg	10
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 6.4 mg	6
Dacarbazin + Thymosin-alpha-1 3.2 mg	12
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha	4

[back to top]

Progression Free Survival

Progression Free Survival is defined as the time from the randomization to progression or death (NCT00911443)
Timeframe: 2 years

Intervention	months (Median)
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 1.6 mg	1.9
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 3.2 mg	1.8
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha + Thymosin-alpha-1 6.4 mg	1.8
Dacarbazin + Thymosin-alpha-1 3.2 mg	2.0
Dacarbazin + Interferon Alpha	1.8

[back to top]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.03	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	2.17	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.04	1	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
indole [no description available]	2.13	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	3.81	2	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.01	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
spermidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.47	2	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	4.03	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	1.96	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	1.96	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
brl 42810 [no description available]	5.18	3	1	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	1.98	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.23	6	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.25	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.66	3	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	1.96	1	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	3.06	1	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	3.06	1	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
urethane [no description available]	2	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	3.88	2	1	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	2.66	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.36	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.03	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	1.98	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.41	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	1.96	1	0	lactose
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.47	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.03	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	3.65	2	0	fluoroalcohol
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.03	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.	1.96	1	0	trinitrobenzene	explosive
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	5.18	3	1	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.17	1	0
maleimide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	1.99	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	2.07	1	0
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	2.01	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.12	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	3.23	1	0	dihydrogen
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	1.98	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	3.37	1	1	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
etoposide [no description available]	3.37	1	1	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	8.63	11	2	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.31	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	8.07	11	3	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
coomassie brilliant blue r kenacid blue: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.07	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	2.37	2	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.1	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	1.97	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.6	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
1-hydroxybenzotriazole 1-hydroxybenzotriazole: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0	benzotriazoles
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	1.96	1	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.08	1	0	oligopeptide
carbapenems [no description available]	3.43	1	1
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	1.97	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	3.41	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
1-nitrohydroxyphenyl-n-benzoylalanine 1-nitrohydroxyphenyl-N-benzoylalanine: structure	2.6	1	0
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	3.06	1	0
carboplatin [no description available]	3.4	1	1
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	1.96	1	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.06	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	1.98	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.38	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.41	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
thymopentin Thymopentin: Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. It is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies.	5.99	11	0	oligopeptide
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2.37	2	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.46	2	0	S-glycosyl compound
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.02	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.21	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.31	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.11	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.04	1	0
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.66	3	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	3.5	1	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.11	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
malealdehyde malealdehyde: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; fumaraldehyde refers to (E)-isomer	2.05	1	0	but-2-enedial
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	2.01	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
asialo gm1 ganglioside [no description available]	1.98	1	0
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.04	1	0
thymic humoral factor gamma 2 thymic humoral factor gamma 2: synthetic octapeptide thymic hormone which repairs immunodeficiency of mice cured of plasmacytoma by melphalan	4.31	3	0
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	1.98	1	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	1.96	1	0
thymosin beta(4) thymosin beta(4): biological active peptide present in thymosin fractions 5 & 5A; participates in the regulation, differentiation & function of thymus-derived lymphocytes & may also act directly or indirectly on macrophages & other cells involved in cell-mediated immunity	7.76	22	1
peptide phi Peptide PHI: A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.	1.97	1	0
desacetylthymosine alpha(1) desacetylthymosine alpha(1): thymosine alpha1 analog with biological activity	1.95	1	0
lumacaftor lumacaftor: a corrector of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR); structure in first source. lumacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with the aromatic amino group of 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.	2.17	1	0	aromatic amide; benzodioxoles; benzoic acids; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; pyridines	CFTR potentiator; orphan drug
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.	21.78	494	73
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	2.67	3	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.25	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
calca protein, human CALCA protein, human: RefSeq NM_001741	3.5	1	1
thymic factor, circulating Thymic Factor, Circulating: A thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation.	7.1	11	1
thymosin beta(9) thymosin beta(9): amino acid sequence given in first source; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	5.17	3	1
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	5.34	3	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	1.96	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanine [no description available]	5.34	3	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
neopterin [no description available]	3.06	1	0
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	6.83	5	3	dacarbazine
ganciclovir [no description available]	3.31	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.02	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	3.22	6	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	4.68	6	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	10.48	22	6
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	1	6.68	6	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	10.48	22	6
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	3.65	9	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	3.65	9	0
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) [description not available]	0	3.8	1	1
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	3.8	1	1
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	9.65	14	4
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	3.8	1	1
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	14.65	14	4
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Sudden liver failure in the presence of underlying compensated chronic LIVER DISEASE (e.g., LIVER CIRRHOSIS; HEPATITIS; and liver injury and failure) due to a precipitating acute hepatic insult.	0	3.8	1	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	10.86	24	1
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	17.51	67	44
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	9.73	18	1
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	6.8	4	2
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	9.73	18	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	6.8	4	2
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	1	19.51	67	44
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	2.97	4	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	2.92	4	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	2.8	3	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	0	2.9	2	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	1	4.97	4	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	3.52	1	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	0	11.23	5	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	3.52	1	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	0	6.23	5	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	6.6	18	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	5.5	16	1
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	0	2.72	3	0
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	6.08	4	4
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	6.08	4	4
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	0	6.08	4	4
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	6.41	5	3
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	11.05	26	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	11.05	26	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	4.38	2	2
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	4.38	2	2
chronic COVID syndrome [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	0	3.64	2	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	0	2.6	1	0
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	0	3.64	2	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	0	2.6	1	0
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.	0	2.6	1	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	8.77	17	1
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	0	8.77	17	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	2.6	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	2.21	1	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	2.25	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	0	2.25	1	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	6.5	7	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	6.5	7	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	6.5	7	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.25	1	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	0	2.25	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	2.25	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	6.43	9	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	6.43	9	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	3.34	2	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	4.87	2	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	2.31	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	0	15.36	48	24
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	7.33	7	2
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	7.33	7	2
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	1	17.36	48	24
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	3.88	2	1
Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness.	0	2.25	1	0
Asymptomatic Colonization [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	4.12	3	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	4.12	3	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	13.94	11	5
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	9.13	14	5
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	1	10.94	11	5
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	9.13	14	5
EBV Infections [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	0	2.31	1	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	0	2.17	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	9.04	11	3
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	1	11.04	11	3
Metastase [description not available]	0	7.21	6	2
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	7	7	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	7.21	6	2
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	7	7	1
Infection [description not available]	0	5.01	6	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	6.76	4	2
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	3.4	2	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	5.01	6	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	6.76	4	2
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	3.56	1	1
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	3.56	1	1
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	6.01	6	1
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	6.01	6	1
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	3.93	2	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	0	3.09	1	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	3.93	2	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	4.33	4	1
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	4.44	8	0
Ache [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	2.21	1	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	0	3.12	1	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Mucorales Infection [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	3.33	2	0
Mucormycosis Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.	0	3.12	1	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	0	2.21	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	2.1	1	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	0	2.1	1	0
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	0	2.11	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.11	1	0
BLV Infections [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	7.38	5	2
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	1	11.64	10	4
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	0	11.25	24	8
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	1	13.25	24	8
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	0	2.11	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	2.11	1	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	5.33	2	2
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	5.33	2	2
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated Serious INFLAMMATION of the LUNG in patients who required the use of PULMONARY VENTILATOR. It is usually caused by bacterial CROSS INFECTION in hospitals.	0	3.5	1	1
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.04	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	3.87	4	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	3.87	4	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.54	11	1
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	0	6.54	11	1
MODS [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	0	3.04	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	2.4	2	0
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	2.17	1	0
Avulsed Tooth [description not available]	0	4.75	2	1
Abscess, Hepatic [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	4.67	3	2
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	0	3.43	1	1
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	0	3.43	1	1
Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	0	3.43	1	1
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	4.67	3	2
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	0	2.05	1	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	0	3.84	2	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	0	3.84	2	0
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.96	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.39	2	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	3.39	2	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	3.62	3	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	1	5.39	2	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	0	2.7	3	0
Fibrosis, Radiation [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Radiation Pneumonitis Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	0	2.06	1	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	5.05	3	1
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	5.05	3	1
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	3.08	5	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	2.43	2	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.08	1	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	2.08	1	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	0	2.08	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	2.08	1	0
Chronic Delta Hepatitis [description not available]	0	2.99	1	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	0	2.07	1	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	2.07	1	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	0	2.93	4	0
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	0	2.93	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.91	4	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	0	6.17	5	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	6.17	5	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	2.93	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	3.81	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	3.81	2	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	0	2.02	1	0
Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.	0	2.02	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	0	2.02	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.	0	2.4	2	0
Infections, Hepadnaviridae [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Hepadnaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the HEPADNAVIRIDAE.	0	2.02	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	0	5.4	5	1
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	0	5.4	5	1
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	0	2.02	1	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	3.41	1	1
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	0	3.41	1	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	2.03	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	3.42	1	1
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	0	2.03	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	2.03	1	0
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	0	2.03	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	3.87	1	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	3.87	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	3.87	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	3.87	1	0
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	0	2.89	4	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5.2	7	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	2.42	2	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	0	4.97	3	1
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	0	4.97	3	1
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	1.96	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	3.47	8	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	0	5.18	4	1
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	0	5.18	4	1
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	4.67	2	1
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.88	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	4.67	2	1
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	0	4.6	6	1
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	0	4.6	6	1
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.28	2	0
DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.	0	3.28	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	0	2.37	2	0
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Hyperplasia of Thymus Gland [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	0	2.87	4	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.89	4	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	1.96	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	1.96	1	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	0	1.96	1	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	0	1.96	1	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Nanism [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.	0	1.96	1	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.37	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	0	1.95	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	2.4	2	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	0	4.27	4	1
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	0	1.98	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	0	1.98	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	1.99	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	1.99	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	4.28	4	1
Amazon Black Fever [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Hepatitis D INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	3.37	1	1
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	0	4.28	4	1
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	0	1.99	1	0
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.4	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.99	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	0	1.99	1	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	0	1.98	1	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	0	1.97	1	0
Infections, Retroviridae [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
Retroviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.	0	2.88	1	0
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	0	1.97	1	0
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	0	1.97	1	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	1.97	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	1.96	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	1.97	1	0
Gonadal Agenesis The complete failure of gonadal development.	0	1.96	1	0
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	0	1.96	1	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	0	1.96	1	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	1.97	1	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	0	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	1.96	1	0
Oophoritis Inflammation of the OVARY, generally caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix.	0	1.97	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	0	1.96	1	0
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	0	4.27	1	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	1.96	1	0

thymalfasin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (40)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (552)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 38.88

Study Types

Clinical Trials (42)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Overall Survival

Overall Tumor Response

Progression Free Survival

thymalfasin

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (40)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (552)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 38.88

Study Types

Clinical Trials (42)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Overall Survival

Overall Tumor Response

Progression Free Survival

Related Drugs (110)

Related Conditions (332)