You seem to be asking about **1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE)**, not 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine.
**1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE)** is a type of **phospholipid**, a key component of cell membranes. Here's a breakdown of its structure and importance in research:
**Structure:**
* **Dipalmitoyl:** This refers to two palmitic acid molecules, which are saturated fatty acids, attached to the glycerol backbone at positions 1 and 2.
* **sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine:** This refers to the glycerol backbone with a phosphate group attached at position 3 and an ethanolamine molecule attached to the phosphate group.
**Importance in Research:**
DPPE is valuable in research for several reasons:
* **Model membrane studies:** It's a common component of model membranes, such as liposomes and lipid bilayers. These models are used to study membrane properties, protein interactions, and drug delivery mechanisms.
* **Lipid bilayer studies:** DPPE helps researchers understand the physical properties of lipid bilayers, including fluidity, permeability, and phase transitions.
* **Drug delivery:** DPPE is incorporated into liposomes and other drug delivery systems, enhancing their stability and targeting capabilities.
* **Biocompatibility:** DPPE is biocompatible, meaning it is well-tolerated by the body, making it suitable for drug delivery and other biomedical applications.
* **Cell signaling:** DPPE is involved in various cellular processes, including cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Research on DPPE can shed light on these processes.
* **Studies on lipid disorders:** DPPE plays a role in some lipid disorders, making it a potential target for therapeutic development.
**Overall:** DPPE is an important phospholipid with a variety of applications in research, from basic membrane studies to the development of novel drug delivery systems.
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 65109 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 2733807 |
| MeSH ID | M0050766 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| palmitin, 1,2-di-, phosphate, 2-aminoethyl ester, dl- (6ci) |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-dl-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine |
| dl-a-cephalin dipalmitate |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycerophosphoethanolamine |
| ethanol, 2-amino-, dihydrogen phosphate (ester), monoester with 1,2-dipalmitin, dl- (8ci) |
| 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine |
| dl-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-dl-3-glycerophosphatidylethanolamine |
| dl-b,g-dipalmitoyl-a-cephalin |
| a-cephalin, b,g-dipalmitoyl |
| (+-)-1-[[[(2-aminoethoxy)hydroxyphosphinoyl]oxy]methyl]ethane-1,2-diyl bishexadecanoate |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine |
| palmitin, 1,2-di-, 2-aminoethyl hydrogen phosphate, dl- (8ci) |
| dipalmitoyl cephalin |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-dl-phosphatidylethanolamine |
| hexadecanoic acid, 1-[[[(2-aminoethoxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]methyl]-1,2-ethanediyl ester, (+/-)- |
| dl-a-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl glycerylphosphorylethanolamine |
| b,g-dipalmitoyl-dl-a-cephalin |
| 5681-36-7 |
| rac-phosphatidylethanolamine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, synthetic, >=98% |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine |
| D-6049 |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine |
| D-6061 |
| [(2r)-3-[2-aminoethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-2-hexadecanoyloxypropyl] hexadecanoate |
| unii-hya85h5s0g |
| hya85h5s0g , |
| einecs 227-142-8 |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylcephaline |
| (1)-1-((((2-aminoethoxy)hydroxyphosphinoyl)oxy)methyl)ethane-1,2-diyl bishexadecanoate |
| hexadecanoic acid, 1-((((2-aminoethoxy)hydroxyphosphinyl)oxy)methyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester, (+-)- |
| l-|a,|a-dipalmitoyl-|a-cephalin |
| FT-0625216 |
| .beta.,.gamma.-dipalmitoyl-dl-.alpha.-cephalin |
| dl-.alpha.-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine |
| rac-1,2-dipalmitoylglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine |
| dppe, dl- |
| dl-.alpha.-cephalin dipalmitate |
| SCHEMBL2733807 |
| dipalmityl phosphatidylethanolamine |
| palmitin, 1,2-di-, 2-aminoethyl hydrogen phosphate |
| hexadecanoic acid, 1-[[[(2-aminoethoxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]methyl]-1,2-ethanediyl ester |
| 2-([(2-aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy)-1-[(palmitoyloxy)methyl]ethyl palmitate # |
| SLKDGVPOSSLUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| hexadecanoic acid, 1-[[[hydroxy(2-aminoethoxy)phosphinyl]oxy]methyl]-1,2-ethanediyl ester |
| mfcd00036776 |
| dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine |
| dppe;l-beta,gamma-dipalmitoyl-alpha-cephalin |
| DTXSID301016031 |
| dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine;1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine |
| BCP34415 |
| Q27280160 |
| STARBLD0009765 |
| PD043169 |
| SY057796 |
| 3-[[(2-aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy]propane-1,2-diyl (2r)-dipalmitate |
| pe 16:0_16:0 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed for design and optimization of liposome therapy for treatment of overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants and local anesthetics." | ( A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting the efficacy of drug overdose treatment with liposomes in man. Chauhan, A; Howell, BA, 2010) | 0.36 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 63 (17.40) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 106 (29.28) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 113 (31.22) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 77 (21.27) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (0.83) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (8.65) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (0.27%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 3 (0.81%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 366 (98.92%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| choline [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| glycine [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| histamine [no description available] | 4.58 | 8 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | phosphocholines | allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound | algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| spermine [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline | antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator |
| theophylline [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| cetyl alcohol cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hexadecanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol | algal metabolite; flavouring agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
| dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihexadecanoyl phosphatidic acid : A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl). | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | phosphatidic acid | |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | ||
| halothane [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| alpha-methylhistamine alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | animal metabolite; H3-receptor agonist |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| iodoacetamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative | H1-receptor antagonist |
| sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | lactose | |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 7.07 | 104 | 0 | ||
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| bromoacetate [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound | |
| ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalcohol | |
| trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent |
| perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon | |
| cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | peroxol | environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent |
| picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound | antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative |
| 2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | naphthylamine | carcinogenic agent |
| xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 3.97 | 13 | 0 | xanthene | |
| benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | trehalose | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | trinitrobenzene | explosive |
| diphenylmethane diphenylmethane : A diarylmethane that is methane substituted by two phenyl groups. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| cyanuric chloride cyanuric chloride : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides. | 2 | 1 | 0 | chloro-1,3,5-triazine; organochlorine compound | cross-linking reagent |
| undecanoic acid undecanoic acid : A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series.. undecanoate : A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of undecanoic acid; used in tandem with testosterone cation in the treatment of male hypogonadism. Major species at pH 7.3. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | antifungal agent; human metabolite |
| nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | NTA; tricarboxylic acid | carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent |
| catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | catechin | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes | |
| opipramol Opipramol: A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | |
| maleimide [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | dicarboximide; maleimides | EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organobromine compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | diester; organosulfonic acid | |
| triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; tertiary phosphine | NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent |
| triphenyltin chloride triphenyltin chloride: see also triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin hydroxide. fentin chloride : An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a chloro group. A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; organotin compound | antifungal agrochemical; immunosuppressive agent |
| hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester | allergen; polymerisation monomer |
| deoxycytidine [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sorbitan monostearate sorbitan monostearate: Stearic Acid was the HM (74-82), no longer an active MH | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol | hapten; plant metabolite |
| spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| 2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | hydroquinones | food antioxidant |
| fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| didodecyldimethylammonium didodecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
| niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb. | 2 | 1 | 0 | vanadium group element atom | |
| rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re. | 2 | 1 | 0 | manganese group element atom | |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | manganese group element atom | |
| terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 2 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | epitope |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | deuterated compound; water | NMR solvent |
| galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| dimethyl suberimidate Dimethyl Suberimidate: The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| impromidine Impromidine: A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | naphthoic acid | |
| fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| cholesteryl sulfate cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | steroid sulfate | human metabolite |
| fluorexon fluorexon: structure | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl. | 4.16 | 16 | 0 | phosphatidylglycerol | |
| 1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available] | 3.79 | 11 | 0 | ||
| metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | iodine oxoacid | |
| lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ||
| dioctadecylamine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| haba 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid : An azo compound that is azobenzene in which one phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group, while the other phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a carboxy group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| azidotrimethylsilane azidotrimethylsilane: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| we 201 We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,5-i-aedans 1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-phosphatidylcholine 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-phosphatidylcholine: the 1,2-isomer is a main heading, 1,2-DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thioacetamide-s-oxide [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl. | 3.71 | 10 | 0 | phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion; phosphatidylethanolamine | human metabolite |
| alphaxalone alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| laurdan laurdan: RN from CA Index Guide | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| prodan prodan: do not confuse with prodan in Chemline, RN 16893-85-9 which is disodium hexafluorosilicate | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2-acyl-6-dimethylaminonaphthalene | |
| dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available] | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | ||
| parinaric acid parinaric acid: long-chain polyenoic fatty acid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. parinaric acid : An octadecatetraenoic acid containing a conjugated system of double bonds at positions 9, 11, 13 and 15. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | octadecatetraenoic acid | |
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| 1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available] | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | ||
| 3beta-(n-(n',n'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl)cholesterol 3-(N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl)cholesterol: used to prepare sonicated liposomes | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| muramylnac-ala-isogln-lys-tripeptide muramylNAc-Ala-isoGln-Lys-tripeptide: Ala-Ala dipeptide is added to this tripeptide by MurF synthetase to make the peptidoglycan pentapeptide; often called muramyl tripeptide but that term is ambiguous, confused with other tripeptides of muramic acid; the phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate is sometimes used | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dansyllysine dansyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N(6)-dansyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a dansyl group at the N(6)-position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; sulfonamide | epitope |
| 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (3-dimyristyloxypropyl)(dimethyl)(hydroxyethyl)ammonium (3-dimyristyloxypropyl)(dimethyl)(hydroxyethyl)ammonium: a cationic lipid; RN refers to bromide salt | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available] | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | ||
| cyclopropene cyclopropene: structure. cyclopropene : A cycloalkene that consists of cyclopropane having a double bond in the ring. The parent of the class of cyclopropenes. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkene; cyclopropenes | |
| n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine: fluorescent probe for membrane lipids | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| glycerophosphoethanolamine glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine: a membrane lipid degradation product | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | phosphoethanolamine; sn-glycerol 3-phosphates | |
| m-maleimidobenzoyl-n-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-hydroxysuccinimide s-acetylthioacetate N-hydroxysuccinimide S-acetylthioacetate: introduces sulfhydryl groups into proteins; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine dioctadecylamidoglycylspermine: a lipospermine used to coat DNA to facilitate gene transfer into mammalian primary endocrine cells; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-pentadecanoylphosphatidylcholine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-methylhistidine alpha-methylhistidine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is histidine in which the methyl group is located at the Calpha-position.. alpha-methyl-L-histidine : An alpha-methylhistidine that has L-configuration. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alpha-methylhistidine | |
| histidinol L-histidinol : An amino alcohol that is propanol substituted by 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2 (the 2S stereoisomer). | 3.08 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; imidazoles | EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid: structure given in first source | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 2'-deoxy-3'-adenosine monophosphate 2'-deoxy-3'-adenosine monophosphate: inhibitor of adenylate cyclase; see also record for 2',5' cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 3'-monophosphate : A 2'-deoxyadenosine phosphate having a monophosphate group located at the 3'-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyadenosine phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate | |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 3.52 | 8 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| alpha-fluoromethylhistidine alpha-fluoromethylhistidine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1-palmitoyl-2-(1'-pyreneoctanoyl)glycero-3-phosphochine 1-palmitoyl-2-(1'-pyreneoctanoyl)glycero-3-phosphochine: structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 12-(4-azido-2-nitrophenoxy)stearoylglucosamine 12-(4-azido-2-nitrophenoxy)stearoylglucosamine: used as photoreactive probe for glycolipids; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-chloro-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid 4-chloro-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid: a MALDI matrix | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
| propargylamine propargylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| desthiobiotin desthiobiotin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (4R,5S)-dethiobiotin : The (4R,5S)-isomer of dethiobiotin. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dethiobiotin | |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) : A A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) that is the dilauroyl diester of phosphatidiylcholine. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) | |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenols; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite |
| colfosceril palmitate colfosceril palmitate: used in the treatment of unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema; component of Exosurf. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants. | 3.05 | 4 | 0 | 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 32:0 | mouse metabolite; surfactant |
| texas red Texas red: hydrophilic Texas red; structure given in first source | 3.74 | 10 | 0 | organic heteroheptacyclic compound | fluorochrome |
| enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
| sodium thiocyanate sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | retinal; vitamin A | gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | caffeic acid | geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| hypocrellin b hypocrellin B: photosensitive pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambusae Sacc; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | thiocarboxamide | hepatotoxic agent |
| unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| krn 7000 KRN 7000: has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure; structure given in first source. alpha-galactosylceramide : A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration.. 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine : A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | glycophytoceramide; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine | allergen; antigen; antineoplastic agent; epitope; immunological adjuvant |
| burimamide Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| quinine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic |
| thioperamide thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
| dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine [no description available] | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | phosphatidyl-L-serine | |
| tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate: used for labeling of antibodies with fluorochromes; easily dissolved with DMSO; conjugates with immunoglobulins | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are palmitoyl and oleoyl respectively. | 3.66 | 9 | 0 | (18R,21S)-24-amino-21-hydroxy-21-oxido-15-oxo-16,20,22-trioxa-21lambdalambda(5)-phosphatetracosan-18-yl icosanoate; phosphatidylethanolamine | |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol [no description available] | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | phosphatidylglycerol | |
| dothiepin hydrochloride Dothiepin: A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dothiepin | |
| 1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol | plant metabolite |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, (z & r)-isomer 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine: structure in first source. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) and 9Z-octadecenoyl (oleoyl) respectively. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; phosphatidylethanolamine 34:1 zwitterion; phosphatidylethanolamine | mouse metabolite |
| menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl. | 4.28 | 18 | 0 | phosphatidylcholine(1+) | |
| tin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom | micronutrient |
| diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | alkatriene | fluorochrome |
| dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). | 4.59 | 26 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester | antigen; mouse metabolite |
| silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyanine dye; organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
| 1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | ||
| cholestanol Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cholestanoid | |
| 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer | 3.9 | 12 | 0 | ||
| manoalide manoalide: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; sesterterpene from marine sponge L. variabilis; structure given in first source. manoalide : A sesterterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Luffariella variabilis and which has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity towards phospholipase A2. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | butenolide; lactol; sesterterpenoid | EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; metabolite |
| 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | phosphatidylethanolamine | |
| n-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium: cationic lipid; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylcholine 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-dilinoleoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trisialoganglioside gt1 [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine | |
| beta-escin [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
| lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| sorbitan monooleate [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ester | |
| samarium sphingomyelin 16:0 : A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons contained in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 16 with zero double bonds.. sphingomyelin d18:1/16:0 : A sphingomyelin d18:1 in which the fatty acyl group contains 16 carbons and is fully saturated.. N-hexadecanoylsphingosine-1-phosphocholine : A sphingomyelin 34:1 in which the N-acyl group and sphingoid base are specified as hexadecanoyl and sphingosine respectively. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | sphingomyelin d18:1/16:0 | mouse metabolite |
| g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage. | 3.52 | 8 | 0 | alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide | |
| oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| retinal dimer retinal dimer: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetramyristoyl cardiolipin tetramyristoyl cardiolipin: TMCL clearly induces a structuring of the mixed monolayers and increases order by a tight packing in the lipid acyl chains.. tetramyristoyl cardiolipin : A cardiolipin derivative in which all four of the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as myristoyl (tetradecanoyl). | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | cardiolipin; tetradecanoate ester | |
| nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nystatins | |
| n-palmitoylgalactosylsphingosine N-(hexadecanoyl)-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | HexCer(d18:1/16:0); N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine | mouse metabolite |
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mefloquine Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pexiganan [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tritrpticin tritrpticin: a 13-amino acid, tryptophan-rich cationic peptide | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 5.53 | 67 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| atto655 Atto655: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithium niobate [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 36:1 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are stearoyl and oleoyl respectively. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine; 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| 1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine 1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer. 1,2-di-O-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both arachidonoyl. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | BODIPY compound | |
| glycolipids [no description available] | 4.2 | 17 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| di-4-aneppdhq di-4-ANEPPDHQ: a commercially available voltage-sensitive dye used for probing live primary and immortalized neurons; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) | |
| heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine | fluorescent dye |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| globotriaosylceramide globotriaosylceramide: receptor for Shigella. alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide : A glycotriaosylceramide having alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl component attached to the primary hydroxy function of a ceramide with undefined sphingoid base. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mastoparan x mastoparan X: RN given refers to the all-(L)-isomer. mastoparan-V : A member of the class of mastopyrans that is a 14-amino acid polypeptide comprising isoleucyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, lysyl, glycyl, isoleucyl, alanyl, alanyl, methionyl, alanyl, lysyl, lysyl, leucyl, and leucinamide residues coupled in sequence. It is the major active component of the venom of the hornet Vespa velutina and causes degranulation of mast cells. It exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria as well as haemolytic activity on chicken, human and sheep erythrocytes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mastoparans; peptidyl amide | antibacterial agent |
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 3 | 1 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 4.14 | 3 | 1 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Grippe [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Leishmania Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Retina [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthropathies [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |