Compounds > euxanthone
Page last updated: 2024-11-10

euxanthone

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

euxanthone : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1 and 7 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinense. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
Cratoxylumgenus[no description available]Hypericaceae[no description available]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5281631
CHEMBL ID389166
CHEBI ID4946
SCHEMBL ID1230282
MeSH IDM0357527

Synonyms (29)

Synonym
9h-xanthen-9-one, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone
1,7-dihydroxyxanthen-9-one
1,7-dihydroxyxanthone
euxanthone
529-61-3
AKOS000278034
chebi:4946 ,
CHEMBL389166 ,
1,7-dihydroxy-xanthen-9-one
9h-xanthen-9-one, 1,7-dihydroxy-
purrenone
eyxanthone
1,7-dihydroxy-9h-xanthen-9-one
SCHEMBL1230282
DTXSID00200947
euxanthon
ncgc00385409-01!1,7-dihydroxyxanthen-9-one
1,7-dihydroxy-9h-xanthen-9-one, 9ci
FS-9979
Q27089350
betahistinedihdrochloride
xanthen-9-one, 1,7-dihydroxy- ; 1,7-dihydroxy-9h-xanthen-9-one; 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone; dx 1
bdbm50268290
1,7-dihydroxy-9h-xanthen-9-on
A870855
CS-0024400
HY-N3883
1,7-bis(oxidanyl)xanthen-9-one
QN875WE9R7

Research Excerpts

Overview

Euxanthone is a flavonoid compound extracted from Polygala caudata. It has documented anti-neoplastic actions.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Euxanthone is a flavonoid compound extracted from Polygala caudata, with documented anti-neoplastic actions."( Euxanthone suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer via targeting CIP2A/PP2A pathway.
Cao, J; Guo, J; Luo, S; Wang, N; Zhou, F; Zhu, H, 2018)		2.64
"Euxanthone is a xanthone compound extracted from Polygala caudata, and shows vasodilatory action."( Cytoprotective effects of euxanthone against ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury is mediated via Nrf2.
Bu, X; Han, Z; Li, S; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Yu, W, 2019)		1.54
"Euxanthone is a xanthone derivative obtained from Polygala caudata."( Euxanthone Ameliorates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Mice.
Li, S; Wang, G; Zhou, H, 2019)		2.68

Effects

Euxanthone has been found to exhibit cytotoxic activity on several human diseases, such as neurological disorders and cancers. It has the potential for clinical prevention of sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Euxanthone has a therapeutic potential for clinical prevention of sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity."( Euxanthone Ameliorates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Mice.
Li, S; Wang, G; Zhou, H, 2019)		2.68
"Euxanthone has been found to exhibit cytotoxic activity on several human diseases, such as neurological disorders and cancers."( Euxanthone inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced injury, inflammatory response, and MUC5AC hypersecretion in human airway epithelial cells by the TLR4/MyD88 pathway.
Cao, G; Li, T; Shen, W; Yin, Y, 2022)		2.89
"Euxanthone has a therapeutic potential for clinical prevention of sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity."( Euxanthone Ameliorates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Mice.
Li, S; Wang, G; Zhou, H, 2019)		2.68

Treatment

Euxanthone pre-treatment rescued the HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with euxanthones suppressed ROS generation and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors like MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Euxanthone pre-treatment rescued the HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. "( Cytoprotective effects of euxanthone against ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury is mediated via Nrf2.
Bu, X; Han, Z; Li, S; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Yu, W, 2019)		2.26
"Pre-treatment with euxanthone markedly suppressed ox-LDL-induced ROS generation and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors like MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α in the HUVECs."( Cytoprotective effects of euxanthone against ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury is mediated via Nrf2.
Bu, X; Han, Z; Li, S; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Yu, W, 2019)		1.13
"Pre-treatment with euxanthone inhibited vascular contraction induced by phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu), a protein kinase C (PKC) agonist, in either the presence or absence of Ca2+ in the solution with IC50 values of 20.15+/-1.56 and 18.30+/-1.62 microM, respectively."( Vasorelaxant effect of euxanthone in the rat thoracic aorta.
Du, GH; Fang, LH; Lin, LL; Mu, YM; Xiao, PG, 2006)		0.96

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To clarify the role of the intestinal flora in the absorption and metabolism of mangiferin and to elucidate its metabolic fate and pharmacokinetic profile in diabetic rats, a systematic and comparative investigation of the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was conducted."( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Chen, M; Fan, M; He, L; Huang, C; Jian, L; Li, Z; Liu, H; Pan, G; Wang, K; Wu, B, 2012)		0.38
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
xanthonesAny member of the class of xanthenes based on a xanthone skeleton.
phenolsOrganic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
TyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)4.52000.02304.459310.0000AID1683486
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)149.90000.00053.49849.7600AID1486486
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (38)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosineTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
eye pigment biosynthetic processTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
visual perceptionTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferationTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to UVTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to blue lightTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin DTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
melanin biosynthetic processTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
thymus developmentTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to cAMPTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
pigmentationTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of JUN kinase activityTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein dephosphorylationTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathwayTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transductionTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signal transductionTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organizationTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of endocytosisTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathwayTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein responseTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular protein transportTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to unfolded proteinTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylationTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathwayTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
IRE1-mediated unfolded protein responseTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor recyclingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAP kinase activityTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathwayTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activityTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathwayTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein responseTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein responseTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activityTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor catabolic processTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (16)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
tyrosinase activityTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activityTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activityTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (17)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytoplasmTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicleTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
melanosome membraneTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
melanosomeTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmTyrosinaseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
early endosomeTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial cristaTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
endosome lumenTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
sorting endosomeTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
early endosomeTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (47)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID661914Inhibition of Influenza A virus H9N2 neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate by fluorescence assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Xanthones from Polygala karensium inhibit neuraminidases from influenza A viruses.
AID1213879Drug excretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat urine treated with mangiferin at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11
Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1357643Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3L1 cells at 50 uM after 24 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID1434699Cytotoxicity against Taxol-resistant human A549 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 27, Issue:3
Structure-activity relationships of diverse xanthones against multidrug resistant human tumor cells.
AID1683486Inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID283786Antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium at 5 ug/uL by agar diffusion assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Antimicrobial prenylated anthracene derivatives from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis.
AID1525036Cytotoxicity in human HT-29 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019Journal of natural products, 05-24, Volume: 82, Issue:5
Tetrandraxanthones A-I, Prenylated and Geranylated Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia tetrandra.
AID661916Inhibition of oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 swine influenza virus neuraminidase H274Y mutant using 4-MU-NANA as substrate by fluorescence assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Xanthones from Polygala karensium inhibit neuraminidases from influenza A viruses.
AID1525032Cytotoxicity in human KB cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019Journal of natural products, 05-24, Volume: 82, Issue:5
Tetrandraxanthones A-I, Prenylated and Geranylated Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia tetrandra.
AID1202775Antioxidant activity assessed as trolox equivalent of APPH radical scavenging activity preincubated for 30 mins followed by APPH addition measured after 90 mins by lipophilic-ORAC fluorescence assay2015Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2
Antioxidative compounds from Garcinia buchananii stem bark.
AID1357641Toxicity in zebra fish larvae at 5 uM after 48 hrs2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID1525034Cytotoxicity in human MCF7 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019Journal of natural products, 05-24, Volume: 82, Issue:5
Tetrandraxanthones A-I, Prenylated and Geranylated Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia tetrandra.
AID1434700Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 27, Issue:3
Structure-activity relationships of diverse xanthones against multidrug resistant human tumor cells.
AID661912Selectivity ratio of IC50 for wild type H1N1 swine influenza virus neuraminidase to IC50 for oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 swine influenza virus neuraminidase H274Y mutant2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Xanthones from Polygala karensium inhibit neuraminidases from influenza A viruses.
AID1557455Antiproliferative activity against human OVCAR3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay2019Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3
Potential Anticancer Agents Characterized from Selected Tropical Plants.
AID379721Inhibition of Saccharomyces sp. alpha glucosidase at 800 uM by spectrophotometry2006Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory anthranols, kenganthranols A-C, from the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis.
AID1213884Drug retention time in Wistar rat by HPLC-DAD analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11
Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID377004Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of LDL oxidation2006Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Phenolic compounds from the roots of Lindera fruticosa.
AID283788Antimicrobial activity against Chlorella fusca at 5 ug/uL by agar diffusion assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Antimicrobial prenylated anthracene derivatives from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis.
AID1683487Inhibition of Tyrosinase (unknown origin) at 150 uM using tyrosine as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 10 mins for 30 mins relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID283790Antimicrobial activity against Micobotryum violaceum at 5 ug/uL by agar diffusion assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Antimicrobial prenylated anthracene derivatives from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis.
AID1557454Antiproliferative activity against human SKOV3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay2019Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3
Potential Anticancer Agents Characterized from Selected Tropical Plants.
AID1202778Antioxidant activity assessed as H2O2 scavenging activity after 15 mins2015Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2
Antioxidative compounds from Garcinia buchananii stem bark.
AID1486486Inhibition of human recombinant PTP1B pre-incubated for 10 mins before pnitrophenyl phosphate substrate addition and measured every 30 secs for 10 mins2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 27, Issue:15
AID283785Antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium at 1 ug/uL by agar diffusion assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Antimicrobial prenylated anthracene derivatives from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis.
AID1202776Antioxidant activity assessed as trolox equivalent of ABTS radical scavenging activity after 10 mins by hydrophilic-TEAC fluorescence assay2015Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2
Antioxidative compounds from Garcinia buchananii stem bark.
AID1434698Cytotoxicity against Taxol-resistant human SMMC7721 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 27, Issue:3
Structure-activity relationships of diverse xanthones against multidrug resistant human tumor cells.
AID1683488Inhibition of Hyaluronidase (unknown origin) at 9.4 to 150 uM using hyaluronic acid as substrate incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1525035Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019Journal of natural products, 05-24, Volume: 82, Issue:5
Tetrandraxanthones A-I, Prenylated and Geranylated Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia tetrandra.
AID1525033Cytotoxicity in human HeLaS3 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay2019Journal of natural products, 05-24, Volume: 82, Issue:5
Tetrandraxanthones A-I, Prenylated and Geranylated Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia tetrandra.
AID379720Inhibition of Saccharomyces sp. alpha glucosidase by spectrophotometry2006Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory anthranols, kenganthranols A-C, from the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis.
AID661917Noncompetitive inhibition of H1N1 swine influenza virus neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate by Lineweaver -Burk plot analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Xanthones from Polygala karensium inhibit neuraminidases from influenza A viruses.
AID661918Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus PR/8/34 H1N1 infected in dog MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect at 5 ug/mL2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Xanthones from Polygala karensium inhibit neuraminidases from influenza A viruses.
AID283789Antimicrobial activity against Micobotryum violaceum at 1 ug/uL by agar diffusion assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Antimicrobial prenylated anthracene derivatives from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis.
AID1683483Inhibition of Collagenase (unknown origin) using FALGPA as substrate at 150 uM incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 60 mins relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID661913Inhibition of Influenza A virus H1N1 neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate by fluorescence assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Xanthones from Polygala karensium inhibit neuraminidases from influenza A viruses.
AID1486485Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase pre-incubated for 10 mins before p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside substrate addition and measured every 30 secs for 35 mins post substrate addition2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 27, Issue:15
AID283787Antimicrobial activity against Chlorella fusca at 1 ug/uL by agar diffusion assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Antimicrobial prenylated anthracene derivatives from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis.
AID661915Inhibition of wild type H1N1 swine influenza virus neuraminidase using 4-MU-NANA as substrate by fluorescence assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11
Xanthones from Polygala karensium inhibit neuraminidases from influenza A viruses.
AID1202774Antioxidant activity assessed as trolox equivalent of APPH radical scavenging activity preincubated for 30 mins followed by APPH addition measured after 90 mins by hydrophilic-ORAC fluorescence assay2015Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2
Antioxidative compounds from Garcinia buchananii stem bark.
AID333523Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 3 days by SRB assay2004Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11
Prenylated benzophenones and xanthones from Hypericum scabrum.
AID1683485Inhibition of Elastase (unknown origin) at 150 uM using N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide as substrate at 150 uM incubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 40 mins relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29Xanthones for melanogenesis inhibition: Molecular docking and QSAR studies to understand their anti-tyrosinase activity.
AID1357642Toxicity in zebra fish larvae assessed as induction of malformation at 50 uM after 24 to 48 hrs2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID333524Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 3 days by SRB assay2004Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11
Prenylated benzophenones and xanthones from Hypericum scabrum.
AID377002Inhibition of human ACAT1 at 0.4 mM2006Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Phenolic compounds from the roots of Lindera fruticosa.
AID1202777Antioxidant activity assessed as trolox equivalent of ABTS radical scavenging activity after 10 mins by lipophilic-TEAC fluorescence assay2015Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2
Antioxidative compounds from Garcinia buchananii stem bark.
AID1357644Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3L1 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (33)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's14 (42.42)29.6817
2010's17 (51.52)24.3611
2020's2 (6.06)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 48.22

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index48.22 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.53 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.70 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index72.10 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (48.22)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (3.03%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other32 (96.97%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		2.0310catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		2.0310monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
naringenin
[no description available]		2.11104'-hydroxyflavanones;
trihydroxyflavanone
go 6976
[no description available]		2.4220indolocarbazole;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
kojic acid
[no description available]		2.31104-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.0310dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		7.2110ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		2.3110ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
xanthone
xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.		2.6320xanthonesinsecticide
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		3.150xanthene
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.0310benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
physcione
physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.		2.0310dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite
calotropin
calotropin: structure in first source		3.3110cardenolide glycoside
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.0110acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		2.03102-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.1110phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
acarbose
[no description available]		2.1510tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		2.0710acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
depsidone
depsidone: a dibenzo dioxepin with a lactone formed by one of the oxygens and a carbonyl between the two benzyl rings; some derivatives are found in GARCINIA plants. depsidone : The simplest member of the class of depsidones comprising of a heterotricyclic system that is 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepine substituted by an oxo group at position 11.		2.1110depsidones;
organic heterotricyclic compound
2-Methoxyxanthone
[no description available]		2.6320xanthones
epicatechin
(-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.1110catechin;
polyphenol		antioxidant
daidzin
daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).		2.07107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
parthenolide
[no description available]		3.3110germacranolide
justicidin a
justicidins: from Justica procumbens		3.3110lignan
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		3.31103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
4-methoxyxanthone
4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source		2.6320
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.1110taxifolinmetabolite
eriodictyol
eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.11103'-hydroxyflavanones;
tetrahydroxyflavanone
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		3.3110cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
acarbose
[no description available]		2.0310amino cyclitol;
glycoside
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		2.0110retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.1710resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
quercetin
[no description available]		2.46207-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
luteolin
[no description available]		2.02103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
quercitrin
[no description available]		2.0210alpha-L-rhamnoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antileishmanial agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
garcinol
garcinol: from stem bark of Garcinia huillensis; has chemotherapeutic activity against gram-positive & gram-negative cocci, mycobacteria & fungi		2.1110
amentoflavone
[no description available]		3.3110biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
chrysosplenetin b
chrysosplenetin B: constituent of the root of Berneuxia thibetica Decne. chrysosplenetin : A tetramethoxyflavone that is the 3,6,7,3'-tetramethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin.		3.3110dihydroxyflavone;
tetramethoxyflavone		antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
gentisein
gentisein: isolated from the methanol extract of the herb of Hypericum annulatum; structure in first source. gentisein : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 7.		2.8230polyphenol;
xanthones		plant metabolite
gentisin
gentisin: a hydroxyxanthone from methanol extract of Gentianae (Gentian?) radix and Calophyllum. gentisin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.1510aromatic ether;
polyphenol;
xanthones		plant metabolite
hyperoside
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.		2.0210beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
Jacareubin
jacareubin: antibacterial and gastroprotective from the heartwood of Calophyllum brasiliense; structure in first source		2.1110pyranoxanthones
3-hydroxyblancoxanthone
3-hydroxyblancoxanthone: from the root of Calophyllum blancoi; structure in first source		2.2110pyranoxanthones
mangiferin
shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source		2.5220C-glycosyl compound;
xanthones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
mangostin
mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.		3.9930aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
norathyriol
norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source. norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.		2.5220polyphenol;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
myricetin
[no description available]		2.02107-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
oleoylanilide
oleoylanilide: alters lipid metabolism of lung & adipose tissue; do not confuse with oleoanilide; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. oleylanilide : The fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of oleic acid and aniline.		2.0310anilide;
fatty amide
furanoheliangolide
furanoheliangolide: structure in first source		3.3110
1-hydroxyxanthone
1-hydroxyxanthone: structure in first source		2.6320
1,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone
1,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 7, a methoxy group at position 4 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense.		2.7630aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone
1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone: from roots of Cudrania cochinchinensis		2.4720
artonin e
artonin E: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Artocarpus communis Forst.		3.3110
1,3-dihydroxy-xanthone
[no description available]		2.0710
avicularin
avicularin: from Polygonum aviculare L.; RN given refers to L-isomer. avicularin : A quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare.		2.0210alpha-L-arabinofuranoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
veratrilogenin
veratrilogenin: from roots of Veratrilla baillinii Franch.; structure given in first source		2.1510
9-Hydroxycalabaxanthone
[no description available]		2.2110xanthones
3,4-dihydroxy-xanthone
3,4-dihydroxy-xanthone: structure given in first source		2.6320
hylin
[no description available]		2.1710
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		2.0110cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		210ammonium ion derivative
gambogic acid
gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer		3.3110pyranoxanthonesmetabolite
rubraxanthone
rubraxanthone: RN given for (E)-isomer; inhibits platelet-activating factor; isolated from Garcinia parvifolia; structure in first source. rubraxanthone : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6 and 8, a geranyl group at position 1 and a methoxy group at position 2. Isolated from Mesua and Garcinia dioica, it exhibits antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.		2.2110aromatic ether;
polyphenol;
xanthones		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
biapigenin
biapigenin: bis-apigenin coupled at 3' & 3' positions; inhibits various cytochrome P450 enzymes; isolated from St. John's Wort		2.0210flavonoid oligomer
cambogin
isogarcinol: has immunosuppresant activity; isolated from Garcinia mangostana; structure in first source		2.1110
morelloflavone
morelloflavone: also inhibits cruzain; RN given for (2S-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-morelloflavone : A biflavonoid found in Rheedia edulis and Garcinia livingstonei.		3.3110biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavanone;
hydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
3-isomangostin
3-isomangostin: structure in first source		2.2110xanthones
15-deoxygoyazensolide
15-deoxygoyazensolide: an NSAID with schistossomicidal and trypanosomicidal activities; structure in first source		3.3110
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		2.42203',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.4110
lychnopholide
lychnopholide: isolated from Vanillosmopsis erythropappa; structure in first source		3.3110
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.1110ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
rk 682
[no description available]		2.1510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.0710
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.1710
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.4110
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		02.4110
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.5820
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.5820
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		07.1710
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.1710
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.1710
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.5920
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		07.1710
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.5920
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.1710
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.2110
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.5920
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.2110
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		07.2110
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		02.1710
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02.1710
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		07.1710
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.1710
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.1710
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.1710
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.0510
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		03.1150