| Protein | Synonyms | Taxonomy |
|---|
| Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial | EC 2.3.1.12; 70 kDa mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis; PBC; Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; M2 antigen complex 70 kDa subunit; Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component E2; PDC-E2; PDCE2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 | EC 1.1.1.-; EC 1.1.1.210; EC 1.1.1.53; EC 1.1.1.62; 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5; 17-beta-HSD 5; 3-alpha-HSD type II, brain; 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2; 3-alpha-HSD type 2; 1.1.1.357; Chlordecone reductase homolog HAKRb; Di | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor beta | RAR-beta; HBV-activated protein; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 2; RAR-epsilon | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor gamma | RAR-gamma; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha | Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group B member 1; Retinoid X receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta | Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group B member 2; Retinoid X receptor beta | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma | Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group B member 3; Retinoid X receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | PPAR-delta; NUCI; Nuclear hormone receptor 1; NUC1; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 2; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta; PPAR-beta | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial | PDHE1-B; EC 1.2.4.1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 | Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein I; CRABP-I | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinal dehydrogenase 1 | RALDH 1; RalDH1; EC 1.2.1.-; EC 1.2.1.36; ALDH-E1; ALHDII; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1; Aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Fatty acid-binding protein 5 | Epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein; E-FABP; Fatty acid-binding protein, epidermal; Psoriasis-associated fatty acid-binding protein homolog; PA-FABP | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoic acid receptor alpha | RAR-alpha; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 | Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II; CRABP-II | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A | EC 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit alpha | Homo sapiens (human) |
| All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4 | EC 1.1.1.105; Alcohol dehydrogenase 4; Alcohol dehydrogenase class II pi chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinal dehydrogenase 2 | RALDH 2; RalDH2; EC 1.2.1.36; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A2; Retinaldehyde-specific dehydrogenase type 2; RALDH(II) | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C | EC 1.1.1.1; Alcohol dehydrogenase subunit gamma | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3 | EC 1.2.1.36; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6; Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3; RALDH-3; RalDH3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial | EC 2.7.11.2; Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 2; PDH kinase 2; PDKII | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component, mitochondrial | Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; E3-binding protein; E3BP; Lipoyl-containing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X; proX | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase | EC 1.2.1.32; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 12; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 8 member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cytochrome P450 26C1 | EC 1.14.-.- | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinol dehydrogenase 13 | EC 1.1.1.300; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 7C member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Description |
|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| Thiamine Pyrophosphate | The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX. |
| NADH | |
| Zinc | A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn. |
| tretinoin | An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE). |
| retinol | |
| alitretinoin | A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. |
| acitretin | An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate. |
| retinaldehyde | A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer. |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. |
| Water | A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) |
| Oxygen | An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. |
| Pyruvic Acid | An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| palmitoylcarnitine | A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. |
| nad | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| NADP | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| NADP | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| carnitine | A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. |
| 11-cis-Retinol | |
| 11-cis-retinal | |
| adenosine triphosphate | An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. |
| 9-cis-retinal | |
| 4-hydroxyretinoic acid | RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure |
| Coenzyme A | |
| Dichloroacetic Acid | A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains two CHLORINE atoms attached to its methyl group. |
| Acetyl Coenzyme A | Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. |
| Palmitoyl Coenzyme A | A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. |
| Malonyl Coenzyme A | A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. |
| creolin | from refined coal tar oils |