isoacteoside profile

isoacteoside: a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Indian paintbrush (Verbenaceae) Castilleja linariaefolia; also in other plants; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Castilleja	genus	A plant genus of the family Orobanchaceae. It contains acteoside and isoacteoside (phenylethanoid glycosides).[MeSH]	Orobanchaceae	The broom-rape plant family of the order Lamiales.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6476333
CHEMBL ID	504873
CHEBI ID	192072
MeSH ID	M0178128

Synonym
[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]methyl (e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
.beta.-d-glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-6-o-[(2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]-
acteoside isomer
isoacteoside
iso-acteoside
nsc729649
61303-13-7
nsc-729649
CHEMBL504873
isoverbascoside
isoacetoside
CHEBI:192072
[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
bdbm50386896
S9128
beta-d-glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-, 6-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate), (e)-
nsc 729649
unii-588ljk42ap
588ljk42ap ,
HY-N0022
.beta.-d-glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-, 6-((2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate)
Q-100709
2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 6-o-caffeoyl-3-o-(alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside
mfcd06798947
AKOS037514697
((2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethoxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-(((2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)methyl (e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate
verbascoside,(s)
(e)-((2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethoxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-((2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yloxy)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate
CCG-270268
Q27261572
MS-30813
DTXSID501317837
beta-d-glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-, 6-((2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Isoacteoside (is a phenylethanoid isolated from Monochasma savatieri Franch. "	( Isoacteoside, a dihydroxyphenylethyl glycoside, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through blocking toll-like receptor 4 dimerization. Chen, X; Cui, Y; Gao, H; Kang, N; Li, J; Li, X; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Wang, C; Xu, QM; Yang, S; Zhang, Z; Zou, Y, 2017)	3.34

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Isoacteoside treatment also led to inhibition of cell migration and cell invasion."	( Suppression of in vitro and in vivo human ovarian cancer growth by isoacteoside is mediated via sub-G1 cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, and modulation of AKT/PI3K/m-TOR signalling pathway. Guo, F; Liu, Y; Peng, Q; Yang, B; Yang, X, )	1.09

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The results indicated that the three compounds could be rapidly absorbed within 1 h, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed significant differences (P < 0."	( Simultaneous determination of savaside A, acteoside, and isoacteoside in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS: Comparative pharmacokinetic and bioavailability characteristics of Monochasma savatieri via different routes of administration. Feng, B; Liu, K; Shan, B; Song, Y; Su, D; Xu, P; Xu, Q; Zeng, Q, 2018)	0.73

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The main objective of the present study was to characterize the verbascoside content and potential for their bioavailability from a partially purified phenolic fraction (IP) of OMWW."	( Verbascosides from olive mill waste water: assessment of their bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model system. Cardinali, A; Ferruzzi, MG; Lattanzio, V; Linsalata, V, 2011)	0.37
" It is essential and significant to investigate related hurdles leading to the poor bioavailability of isoacteoside."	( A metabolic way to investigate related hurdles causing poor bioavailability in oral delivery of isoacteoside in rats employing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Cui, Q; Liu, X; Pan, Y; Qu, B; Xiao, W; Yan, X, 2017)	0.89
"A simple, rapid and sensitive method has been developed which comprehensively revealed the underlying cause of poor bioavailability of ISAT in a metabolic manner."	( A metabolic way to investigate related hurdles causing poor bioavailability in oral delivery of isoacteoside in rats employing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Cui, Q; Liu, X; Pan, Y; Qu, B; Xiao, W; Yan, X, 2017)	0.67
"The present work has demonstrated that the factors causing the poor bioavailability of isoacteoside should be attributed to the metabolism."	( A metabolic way to investigate related hurdles causing poor bioavailability in oral delivery of isoacteoside in rats employing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Cui, Q; Liu, X; Pan, Y; Qu, B; Xiao, W; Yan, X, 2017)	0.9
" Meanwhile, this method was fully validated and successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability following four different routes included intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, muscle injection, and oral administration."	( Simultaneous determination of savaside A, acteoside, and isoacteoside in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS: Comparative pharmacokinetic and bioavailability characteristics of Monochasma savatieri via different routes of administration. Feng, B; Liu, K; Shan, B; Song, Y; Su, D; Xu, P; Xu, Q; Zeng, Q, 2018)	0.73

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The results of this work provided new information for the clarification of the metabolism of acteoside and rendered a very valuable theoretical basis for the development of novel ideal dosage forms of acteoside in the future."	( New metabolites of acteoside identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight MS(E) in rat plasma, urine, and feces. Feng, Y; Li, W; Liu, Y; Song, Y; Su, D; Xu, Q, 2016)	0.43

Class	Description
hydroxycinnamic acid	Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	8.9600	0.0000	1.2848	10.0000	AID670311
Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	91.4100	0.0000	1.1484	10.0000	AID670312
Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	14.2800	0.0000	0.7053	10.0000	AID670313
Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	8.2200	0.0002	2.7217	10.0000	AID670314
Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	11.0900	0.0000	0.7675	10.0000	AID670315
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
angiogenesis	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
ovarian follicle development	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
ovulation from ovarian follicle	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
luteinization	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel maturation	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
intramembranous ossification	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell adhesion	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
parturition	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulus	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
peripheral nervous system axon regeneration	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to activity	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein metabolic process	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to retinoic acid	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
endodermal cell differentiation	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hydrogen peroxide	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vasoconstriction	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor signaling pathway	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage chemotaxis	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to electrical stimulus	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hyperoxia	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
face morphogenesis	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
bone trabecula formation	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amino acid stimulus	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-1	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-A	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stress	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
tissue remodeling	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell migration	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amino acid stimulus	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-A	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nitric oxide	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal system development	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage differentiation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
endodermal cell differentiation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor signaling pathway	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte migration	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cadmium ion	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-A	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cation channel activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interferon-alpha production	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
lung alveolus development	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of defense response to virus by host	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
elastin catabolic process	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
bronchiole development	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
endochondral ossification	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
growth plate cartilage development	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bone mineralization	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bone morphogenesis	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
fibronectin binding	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcomere	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	72 kDa type IV collagenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Stromelysin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule lumen	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Macrophage metalloelastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (63)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID670317	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP2 catalytic domain at 10 uM incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID400435	Cytotoxicity against HSV2 infected human Hep2 cells after 3 days	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID458999	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in ddY mouse peritoneal macrophages	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID458991	Cytoprotective activity in mouse L929 cells assessed as inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity at 100 ug/mL after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID458993	Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in ddY mouse assessed as inhibition of increase in sAST level at 25 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr before D-GalN/LPS challenge measured after 10 hrs	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID1877875	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity
AID356737	Antioxidant activity assessed as trolox equivalents of ABTS radical scavenging activity by TEAC assay	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia tarapotensis.
AID333601	Induction of IFN-gamma production in human PBMC at 1 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID670321	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP13 catalytic domain at 10 uM incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID333595	Induction of IL6 production in human PBMC at 1 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID400431	Cytotoxicity against human Hep2 cells administered 3 hrs postinfection	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID670313	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP9 catalytic domain incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID670315	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP13 catalytic domain incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID400433	Cytotoxicity against mCMV RM-461 infected human Hep2 cells after 3 days	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID1625179	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 after 48 hrs by microbroth dilution method	2019	Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3	Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella.
AID458987	Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse primary cultured hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID400424	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for RSV long by cytopathic effect over IC50 for human Hep2 cells	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID356736	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity after 30 mins	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia tarapotensis.
AID670319	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP9 catalytic domain at 10 uM incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID333599	Induction of TNFalpha production in human PBMC at 1 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID400432	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for RSV administered 3 hrs postinfection over IC50 for human Hep2 cells administered 3 hrs after infection	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID333604	Induction of IL4 production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID400417	Antiviral activity against RSV long infected in human Hep2 cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect after 3 days	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID459000	Inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha production in ddY mouse peritoneal macrophages	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID670310	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP1 catalytic domain incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID425006	Antioxidant activity assessed as protection against peroxyl radical-induced alkaline phosphatase activity loss by microplate assay	2009	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 72, Issue:5	Antioxidant phenylethanoid glycosides and a neolignan from Jacaranda caucana.
AID670318	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP3 catalytic domain at 10 uM incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID458990	Cytoprotective activity in mouse L929 cells assessed as inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity at 30 ug/mL after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID670320	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP12 catalytic domain at 10 uM incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID458989	Cytoprotective activity in mouse L929 cells assessed as inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity at 10 ug/mL after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID458992	Cytoprotective activity in mouse L929 cells assessed as inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID333597	Induction of IL12 production in human PBMC at 1 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID333606	Induction of IL10 production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID400436	Cytotoxicity against VZV 3CV-1 infected human Hep2 cells after 3 days	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID1625180	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 after 24 hrs by micro broth dilution method	2019	Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3	Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella.
AID333602	Induction of IFN-gamma production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID1877876	Antioxidant activity assessed as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity
AID333605	Induction of IL10 production in human PBMC at 1 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID403737	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity after 30 mins by TLC autographic assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8	Antioxidant constituents of the aerial parts of Globularia alypum growing in Morocco.
AID333596	Induction of IL6 production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID333603	Induction of IL4 production in human PBMC at 1 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID400419	Cytotoxicity against RSV long infected human Hep2 cells after 3 days	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID458988	Cytoprotective activity in mouse L929 cells assessed as inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity at 3 ug/mL after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID458985	Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse primary cultured hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity at 30 ug/mL after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID400430	Antiviral activity against RSV infected in human Hep2 cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect administered 3 hrs postinfection	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID670314	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP12 catalytic domain incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID1625181	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans isolate T1444 after 48 hrs by micro broth dilution method	2019	Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3	Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella.
AID333598	Induction of IL12 production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID1625182	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 24067 after 48 hrs by micro broth dilution method	2019	Journal of natural products, 03-22, Volume: 82, Issue:3	Antifungal Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Lippia rubella.
AID670312	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP3 catalytic domain incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID356738	Antioxidant activity against beta-carotene and linoleic acid assessed asbleaching of beta-carotene at 120 mins by autooxidation assay	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia tarapotensis.
AID333600	Induction of TNFalpha production in human PBMC at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by ELISA	2004	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Chemical constituents from the Colombian medicinal plant Maytenus laevis.
AID400418	Antiviral activity against RSV A-2 infected in human Hep2 cells after 3 days by plaque neutralization assay	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID400434	Cytotoxicity against HSV1 infected human Hep2 cells after 3 days	1998	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Antiviral phenylpropanoid glycosides from the medicinal plant Markhamia lutea.
AID458983	Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse primary cultured hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity at 3 ug/mL after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID458994	Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in ddY mouse assessed as inhibition of increase in sAST level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr before D-GalN/LPS challenge measured after 10 hrs	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID670311	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP2 catalytic domain incubated for 20 mins by fluorimetric assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Natural products as a gold mine for selective matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
AID458997	Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in ddY mouse assessed as inhibition of increase in sALT level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr before D-GalN/LPS challenge measured after 10 hrs	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID458984	Hepatoprotective activity in ddY mouse primary cultured hepatocytes assessed as inhibition of D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity at 10 ug/mL after 44 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID458996	Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in ddY mouse assessed as inhibition of increase in sALT level at 25 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr before D-GalN/LPS challenge measured after 10 hrs	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 18, Issue:5	Acylated phenylethanoid oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective activity from the desert plant Cistanche tubulosa.
AID425005	DPPH radical scavenging activity assessed as ratio of antioxidant concentration to drug level causing 50% decrease in DPPH level at steady state at 100 ug by TLC autographic assay	2009	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 72, Issue:5	Antioxidant phenylethanoid glycosides and a neolignan from Jacaranda caucana.
AID335598	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells
AID356735	Antioxidant activity against beta-carotene and linoleic acid assessed asbleaching of beta-carotene at 60 mins by autooxidation assay	2001	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia tarapotensis.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	5 (7.94)	18.2507
2000's	17 (26.98)	29.6817
2010's	31 (49.21)	24.3611
2020's	10 (15.87)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	66 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	2.05	1	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	3.14	1	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
choline [no description available]	2.15	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.01	1	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.45	2	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.03	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.15	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2	1	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	2.6	1	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	1.99	1	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.52	2	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyclohexanone [no description available]	2	1	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.01	1	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.1	1	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.1	1	phenols	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.13	1
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.01	1	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.05	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.44	2
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.1	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.42	2	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	1.99	1	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.43	2	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	5.36	53	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
secoisolariciresinol secoisolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((R-(R,R))-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89; precursor of lignans found in human urine; structure given in first source. secoisolariciresinol : A lignan that is butane-1,4-diol in which the 2 and 3 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups. (-)-secoisolariciresinol : An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.	2.07	1	secoisolariciresinol	antidepressant; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
indole-3-carboxylic acid indole-3-carboxylic acid : An indole-3-carboxylic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 3.	2	1	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
ruberythric acid ruberythric acid: structure given in first source	2.01	1
wilforlide a wilforlide A: form Tripterygium regelii; Chinese medicinal plant extract	2.02	1
rhodioloside [no description available]	2.73	3	glycoside
cycloartane cycloartane : A triterpene that is lanostane in which there is a methylene bridge between the 5- and 9-positions.	2.11	1	triterpene
4'-o-methylepigallocatechin 4'-methylepigallocatechin: antispasmodic from Maytenus rigida Mart (Celestraceae); structure in first source	2.02	1	catechin	metabolite
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	2.25	1	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.07	1	taxifolin	metabolite
patchouli alcohol patchouli alcohol: major component of the essential oil of patchouli; perfumery raw material. patchouli alcohol : A carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.0(3,8)]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer).	2.04	1
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.05	1
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.01	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.45	2
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.05	1	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	4.09	14
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.05	1	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.04	1
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.45	2	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.13	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.73	3
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.48	2
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1
quercetin [no description available]	2.76	3	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.5	2	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
luteolin [no description available]	2.44	2	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	2.11	1	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.72	3	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.21	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
norathyriol norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source. norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.	2.07	1	polyphenol; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	2.07	1	stilbenoid
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	7.98	4	oligosaccharide
forsythiaside forsythiaside: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source; from the unripe fruit of Forsythia suspensa (qinglianquiao)	2.8	3	hydroxycinnamic acid
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	5.21	45	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
linarin linarin: flavone glycoside isolated from leaves of Linaria japonica MIQ	2.21	1
luteolin 4'-o-glucoside luteolin 4'-O-glucoside: from Kummerowia striata. luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Olea europaea.	2	1	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
martynoside martynoside: isolated from Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt; structure in first source	2.45	2
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2	1
anecortave [no description available]	2.1	1	oligosaccharide
alyssonoside alyssonoside: from Marrubium alysson; structure given in first source	2.46	2
Methyl rosmarinate [no description available]	2.07	1	hydroxycinnamic acid
tubuloside b tubuloside B: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Cistanche deserticola; structure in first source	7.74	3
lyoniside lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer	2.48	2
triptotriterpenic acid a triptotriterpenic acid A: from Tripterygium wilfordii; RN given refers to (3beta,22alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source. triptotriterpenic acid A : A pentacyclic triterpenoid with formula C30H48O4, originally isolated from Tripterygium hypoglaucum.	2.02	1	diol; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
2'-acetylacteoside 2'-acetylacteoside: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Cistanch deserticola; structure in first source	2.43	2
forsythoside b forsythoside B: structure in first source	2.49	2
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.13	1	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.41	1
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.25	1
crenatoside crenatoside: structure given in first source; isolated from the aerial parts of Orobanche crenata	2.04	1
lavandulifolioside lavandulifolioside: structure in first source	2.01	1
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.15	1
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	1.99	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
ganciclovir [no description available]	1.99	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.05	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.05	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.31	1
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.31	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.31	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.31	1
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.41	1
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	2.41	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.6	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.6	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.25	1
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.61	2
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.31	1
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	7.31	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	7.61	2
Anasarca [description not available]	2.15	1
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.15	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.15	1
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.15	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.79	3
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.79	3
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	2.08	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.05	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.01	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.01	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.01	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.01	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.01	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.01	1

isoacteoside

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (33)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (5)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (88)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (13)

Bioassays (63)

Research

Studies (63)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 22.48

Study Types

isoacteoside

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (33)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (5)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (88)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (13)

Bioassays (63)

Research

Studies (63)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 22.48

Study Types

Related Drugs (79)

Related Conditions (29)