Compounds > menogaril
Page last updated: 2024-11-08

menogaril

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Description

Menogaril: A semisynthetic anthracycline with the amino sugar on the D ring. It displays broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity against a variety of tumors. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID320697
SCHEMBL ID1651790
MeSH IDM0026248

Synonyms (10)

Synonym
71628-96-1
menogaril
dimethylamino-pentahydroxy-methoxy-dimethyl-[?]dione
2,6-epoxy-2h-naphthaceno[1,2-b]oxocin-9,16-dione, 4-(dimethylamino)-3,4,5,6,11,12,13,14-octahydro-3,5,8,10,13-pentahydroxy-11-methoxy-6,13-dimethyl-, (2r,3s,4r,5r,6r,11r,13r)-
NSC269148 ,
7-o-methylnogarol
SCHEMBL1651790
7-0-methylnogarol
LWYJUZBXGAFFLP-FEMZJCMLSA-N
(10s,12r,22s,23r,24r)-23-(dimethylamino)-4,8,12,22,24-pentahydroxy-10-methoxy-1,12-dimethyl-20,25-dioxahexacyclo[19.3.1.02,19.05,18.07,16.09,14]pentacosa-2,4,7(16),8,14,18-hexaene-6,17-dione

Research Excerpts

Overview

Menogaril is a semisynthetic anthracycline that is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin in a preclinical model. It is an antitumor agent active after oral administration, and unlike other anth racyclines, extravasation cannot occur.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Menogaril is an antitumor agent different from other anthracyclines in being active after oral administration. "( Antitumor activity of menogaril alone, and in combination against human mammary cancer models in mice and rats.
Fujioka, A; Kobunai, T; Nakano, K; Saito, H; Takeda, S; Toko, T; Unemi, N; Yoshida, M, )		1.89
"Menogaril is an antitumor agent different from other anthracyclines in that it is active after oral administration; therefore, extravasation is not a side effect. "( Activity of menogaril against various malignant lymphoma cell lines and a human lymphoma xenograft in mice.
Fujioka, A; Nakano, K; Takeda, S; Toko, T; Unemi, N; Yoshida, M; Yuasa, C, )		1.95
"Menogaril is an antitumor agent active after oral administration, and unlike other anthracyclines, extravasation cannot occur. "( Prediction of the optimum clinical dosing schedule for menogaril from results with tumor-bearing mice.
Kobunai, T; Nakano, K; Saito, H; Takeda, S; Toko, T; Unemi, N; Yoshida, M, )		1.82
"Menogaril is a semisynthetic anthracycline with relative lack of cardiotoxicity. "( Phase II trial of menogaril in patients with previously treated multiple myeloma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Benson, AB; Blough, R; Kilton, L; Kucuk, O; Wade, JL, 2000)		2.08
"Menogaril is a semisynthetic anthracycline that is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin in a preclinical model. "( Phase II evaluation of menogaril in advanced prostate cancer: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group EST P-A885.
Carbone, P; Citrin, DL; Hudes, GR; Khandekar, JD; Manola, J; Obasaju, C; Trump, DL, 2001)		2.06
"Menogaril is a new semisynthetic anthracycline agent derived from the antitumor antibiotic Nogalomycin. "( Menogaril in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma: a phase II study.
Hudis, CA; Kelsen, DP, 1992)		3.17
"Menogaril (TUT-7) is a novel antitumor antibiotic belonging to anthracyclines. "( [Pharmacokinetic studies of menogaril (TUT-7) with rats].
Akimoto, T; Aso, R; Hara, H; Nakama, K; Ohashi, K; Takahashi, F, 1992)		2.02
"Menogaril is an anthracycline presently in Phase II clinical trials. "( P388 leukaemia cells resistant to the anthracycline menogaril lack multidrug resistant phenotype.
Badiner, GJ; Bhuyan, BK; Groppi, VE; Moy, BC; Smith, KS; Tarpley, WG, 1990)		1.97
"Menogaril is an antitumor agent of the anthracycline type which is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin in a chronic rabbit model and is active in experimental tumor systems when given by p.o. "( Pharmacokinetics and systemic bioavailability of menogaril, an anthracycline antitumor agent, in the mouse, dog, and monkey.
Adams, WJ; Brewer, JE; Dalm, EA; Hosley, JD; McGovren, JP, 1989)		1.97
"Menogaril is an anthracycline with the aminosugar on the D ring; it does not exhibit cross-resistance with doxorubicin or cardiotoxicity."( Phase I and II agents in cancer therapy: I. Anthracyclines and related compounds.
Fuks, JZ; Wadler, S; Wiernik, PH, )		0.85
"Menogaril is a new anthracycline analog of nogalamycin. "( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of menogaril administered as a 72-hour continuous i.v. infusion.
Long, HJ; Moertel, CG; Powis, G; Schutt, AJ, 1987)		1.99
"Menogaril is an active drug used in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer who have not had prior systemic therapy."( Phase II study of intravenous menogaril in patients with advanced breast cancer.
Cavalli, F; Gundersen, S; Renard, J; Sessa, C; ten Bokkel Huinink, W, 1988)		1.28

Actions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Menogaril displays little activity in patients with previously treated MM."( Menogaril in the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma. A phase II trial of the Cancer Center of Wake Forest University.
Brodkin, RA; Brown, RC; Case, LD; Cruz, JM; Dalton, HB; Jackson, DV; Muss, HB; Ramseur, WL; Richards, F; Zekan, PJ, 1992)		2.45

Pharmacokinetics

Menogaril plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC. 3-compartment mammillary model was used for pharmacokinetic analysis of the results.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The pharmacokinetic parameters derived from plasma concentration-time profiles after repeated (for 14 days) or single oral administration of TUT-7 to rats were found to be not significantly different by either administration schedule."( [Pharmacokinetic studies of menogaril (TUT-7) with rats].
Akimoto, T; Aso, R; Hara, H; Nakama, K; Ohashi, K; Takahashi, F, 1992)		0.58
" We report here the results of pharmacokinetic and systemic bioavailability studies of menogaril in three species (mouse, dog, and monkey)."( Pharmacokinetics and systemic bioavailability of menogaril, an anthracycline antitumor agent, in the mouse, dog, and monkey.
Adams, WJ; Brewer, JE; Dalm, EA; Hosley, JD; McGovren, JP, 1989)		0.75
" Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the rise in plasma concentration during infusion was first-order, with a half-life of 11."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of menogaril administered as a 72-hour continuous i.v. infusion.
Long, HJ; Moertel, CG; Powis, G; Schutt, AJ, 1987)		0.55
" The drug disappeared from plasma biexponentially with a mean elimination half-life of 38 +/- 3 h; the mean apparent volume of distribution and the plasma clearance were 805 +/- 91 1/m2 and 14 +/- 2 1/h per m2."( Pharmacokinetics of 7-con-O-methylnogarol in patients with solid tumors.
D'Incalci, M; Figoli, F; Monfardini, S; Sorio, R; Tirelli, U; Zadro, D; Zanette, ML, 1987)		0.27
" The mean harmonic half-life was 11."( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic trial of oral menogaril administered on three consecutive days.
Crespeigne, N; de Valeriola, D; Dodion, P; Joggi, J; Kenis, Y; Peeters, B; Piccart, M; Tueni, E; van Berchem, C; Wery, F, 1988)		0.53
" Menogaril plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC and a 3-compartment mammillary model was used for pharmacokinetic analysis of the results."( Pharmacokinetics and acute cardiovascular effects of menogaril in patients with metastatic tumors.
Benson, AB; Piergies, AA, 1995)		1.45
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed at each dose level and confirmed the findings of pharmacokinetic data derived from previous studies in patients with solid tumors."( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of menogaril (7-con-O-methylnogarol) in previously treated patients with acute leukemia.
Benson, L; Dutcher, JP; Garl, S; Mazurek, C; Schwartz, EL; Wiernik, PH, 1993)		0.54
" For the patients receiving alternating oral and IV menogaril, comparative pharmacokinetic analyses were performed by HPLC."( A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the oral and the oral/intravenous administration of menogaril.
Adams, WJ; Brewer, JE; Brown, TD; Earhart, RH; Hosley, JD; Kasunic, DA; Kuhn, JG; Von Hoff, DD; Weiss, GR, 1993)		0.75

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This reversal was inhibited when menogarol was combined with melphalan."( Synergistic combination of menogarol and melphalan and other two drug combinations.
Adams, EG; Bhuyan, BK; Crampton, SL; Johnson, M, 1985)		0.27

Bioavailability

Two anthracycline analogues, idarubicin and menogaril, have acceptable bioavailability via the oral route of administration. Oral bioavailability studies in the mouse showed significant absorption from the gastrointestinal tract followed by first-pass metabolism.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" We report here the results of pharmacokinetic and systemic bioavailability studies of menogaril in three species (mouse, dog, and monkey)."( Pharmacokinetics and systemic bioavailability of menogaril, an anthracycline antitumor agent, in the mouse, dog, and monkey.
Adams, WJ; Brewer, JE; Dalm, EA; Hosley, JD; McGovren, JP, 1989)		0.75
" A comparison of the data from the present trial and our previous study with intravenous menogaril indicates a bioavailability of 32 +/- 12%."( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic trial of oral menogaril administered on three consecutive days.
Crespeigne, N; de Valeriola, D; Dodion, P; Joggi, J; Kenis, Y; Peeters, B; Piccart, M; Tueni, E; van Berchem, C; Wery, F, 1988)		0.75
" Oral bioavailability studies in the mouse showed significant absorption of menogaril from the gastrointestinal tract followed by first-pass metabolism."( Menogaril: a new anthracycline agent entering clinical trials.
Christopher, JP; Cradock, JC; Lassus, M; McGovren, JP; Nelson, KG; Plowman, J, 1984)		1.94
"Two anthracycline analogues, idarubicin and menogaril, have acceptable bioavailability via the oral route of administration."( Potential role of oral anthracyclines in older patients with cancer.
de Valeriola, DL; Lasota, WS; Piccart, MJ, 1994)		0.55
"2 hours; mean systemic bioavailability was 33."( A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the oral and the oral/intravenous administration of menogaril.
Adams, WJ; Brewer, JE; Brown, TD; Earhart, RH; Hosley, JD; Kasunic, DA; Kuhn, JG; Von Hoff, DD; Weiss, GR, 1993)		0.5

Dosage Studied

At this dosage and schedule, menogaril has no substantial anti-tumor activity for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Menogarill is ineffective in treating previously irradiated advanced/recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" At that those, 20 of 37 patients developed grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia and 22 required dosage delays."( Phase II study of oral menogaril as first line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study.
Aitken, S; Buckman, R; Eisenhauer, EA; Norris, B; Pritchard, KI; Skillings, J; Stewart, DJ; VAndenberg, T; Verma, S, 1992)		0.59
" Menogaril as administered in this protocol is ineffective in treating previously irradiated advanced/recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and warrants no further investigation in this disease at the dosage and administration schedule used in this protocol."( Phase II evaluation of menogaril in patients with advanced cervical carcinoma. A collaborative trial of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group and Mayo Clinic.
Edmonson, JH; Foley, JF; Goldberg, RM; Laurie, JA; LONG, HJ; Mailliard, JA; Malkasian, GD; Morton, RF; Niedringhaus, RD; Wieand, HS, 1991)		1.5
" At this dosage and schedule, menogaril has no substantial anti-tumor activity for patients with non-small cell lung cancer."( Phase II evaluation of menogaril (NSC-269148) in non-small cell lung carcinoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study.
Ahmann, FR; Crowley, JJ; Macdonald, JS; Vance, RB, 1991)		0.88
" These latter findings should be useful in developing more precise and intelligent dosing schemes for 7-OMEN."( Human pharmacokinetics, excretion, and metabolism of the anthracycline antibiotic menogaril (7-OMEN, NSC 269148) and their correlation with clinical toxicities.
Aisner, J; Egorin, MJ; Engisch, KL; Forrest, A; Sigman, LM; Van Echo, DA; Whitacre, MY, 1986)		0.5
"We performed a phase I study of menogaril to determine if dosage reduction was required in patients with hepatic dysfunction and if the relationship between pharmacokinetics and leukopenia, previously defined in patients with normal hepatic and renal function, was altered."( Phase I study and pharmacokinetics of menogaril (NSC 269148) in patients with hepatic dysfunction.
Conley, BA; Egorin, MJ; Forrest, A; Sinibaldi, V; Van Echo, DA; Zuhowski, EG, 1987)		0.83
" This regimen and dosage schedule are well tolerated, with minimal toxicity that included myelosupression; median white blood cell (WBC) count nadir of 2,700 cells/mm3 (range 1,400-7,100 cells/mm3) and median platelet nadir of 162,000 cells/mm3 (range 53,000-390,000 cells/mm3)."( Phase II trial of menogarol in the treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
Cheng, EW; Hollander, P; Magill, GB; Sternberg, CN, 1988)		0.27
" These studies should address specific issues such as optimal dosage regimens as a function of 'physiological age', and quality of life."( Potential role of oral anthracyclines in older patients with cancer.
de Valeriola, DL; Lasota, WS; Piccart, MJ, 1994)		0.29
" Nausea and vomiting were the dose-limiting toxicities at the 625 mg/m2 dosage level; vomiting was inadequately relieved by prophylactic antiemetics at this dosage level."( A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the oral and the oral/intravenous administration of menogaril.
Adams, WJ; Brewer, JE; Brown, TD; Earhart, RH; Hosley, JD; Kasunic, DA; Kuhn, JG; Von Hoff, DD; Weiss, GR, 1993)		0.5
" Of the dosing schedules tried, these two dosing schedules were the optimum, with satisfactory antitumor activity against mouse solid tumor Colon 26 and with a wide range of effective dose concentrations."( Prediction of the optimum clinical dosing schedule for menogaril from results with tumor-bearing mice.
Kobunai, T; Nakano, K; Saito, H; Takeda, S; Toko, T; Unemi, N; Yoshida, M, )		0.38
" The consecutive days dosing study subsequently conducted started with 25 mg/body/day, and the dose level was escalated up to 150 mg /body/day."( [TUT-7 phase I clinical study. TUT-7 Study Group].
Furue, H; Hattori, T; Majima, H; Nakao, I; Niitani, H; Ota, K; Sugimachi, K; Taguchi, T; Wakui, A, 1997)		0.3
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (99)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199042 (42.42)18.7374
1990's50 (50.51)18.2507
2000's2 (2.02)29.6817
2010's1 (1.01)24.3611
2020's4 (4.04)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 17.96

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index17.96 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.98 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.31 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (17.96)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials36 (33.33%)5.53%
Reviews11 (10.19%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other61 (56.48%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		3.07106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9710acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		1.9610acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		1.9710aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.		2.7220chloropyridine;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		3.3811alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
etanidazole
Etanidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.. etanidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. Used as a radiosensitising agent for hypoxic tumour cells.		3.0710C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		3.3811nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		9.1650dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		3.3811benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		1.9610N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		3.0710
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		1.9710alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		2.3720isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		3.0710N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		3.0710C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		420pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.0910delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		8.99443aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.9920nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
vidarabine phosphate
Vidarabine Phosphate: An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.		3.9920
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		4.2830taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		1.9710beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		3.07101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		7.8282aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		8.4983anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
fazarabine
fazarabine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-arabinofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. A synthetic analogue of cytosine arabinoside and 5-azacytidine that incorporates structural features of both compounds, it shows good activity against a variety of transplanted tumors.		3.0710N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
amonafide
xanafide: salt formulation of amonafide; DNA-intercalating agent and topoisomerase II inhibitor		3.0710isoquinolines
losulazine hydrochloride
losulazine hydrochloride: structure given in first source		1.9710
gusperimus
gusperimus: synthesized by chemical modification of spergualin; in combination with cyclosporin A prevents diabetes in predisposed NOD mice; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer trihydrochloride		3.9920N-acyl-amino acid
flavone acetic acid
flavone acetic acid: structure given in first source		3.9920
brequinar
brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.		3.9920biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
crisnatol
crisnatol: structure given in first source		3.0710
sulofenur
sulofenur: a diarylsulfonylurea		3.0710
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		3.0910pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		420organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		3.0910carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
naphthalimides
Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.		3.0710
kt 6149
KW 2149: derivative of mitomycin C; structure in first source		1.9710
me 2303
ME 2303: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-cis)-isomer		5.3821
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.0910secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
aclacinomycin
aklavin: antibiotic prepared from culture liquids of streptomycete (A 1129); possessing antiphage activity; structure. aclacinomycin T : An anthracycline that is aklavinone having an alpha-L-rhodosaminyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		1.9610aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
polyketide;
tertiary alcohol;
tetracenequinones;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		3.0710divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
nogalamycin
Nogalamycin: An anthrocycline from a Streptomyces nogalater variant. It is a cytolytic antineoplastic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by binding to DNA.. nogalamycin : An anthracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces nogalater. It is a DNA intercalator and exhibits anticancer properties.		12.157318
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		1.9710
acivicin
[no description available]		2.3720isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
adozelesin
[no description available]		1.9710
carboplatin
[no description available]		3.3811
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.9920coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.3811retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		3.3811retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		5.6531aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		1.9610actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		3.07101,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		1.9610L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
amrubicin
amrubicin: structure in first source; a 9-amino-anthracycline antibiotic. amrubicin : A synthetic anthracycline antibiotic with molecular formula C25H25NO9. A specific inhibitor of topoisomerase II, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of cancer, especially lung cancer, where it is a prodrug for the active metabolite, ambrucinol.		5.6631anthracycline antibiotic;
methyl ketone;
primary amino compound;
quinone;
tetracenes		antineoplastic agent;
prodrug;
topoisomerase II inhibitor
n,n-dibenzyldaunorubicin
N,N-dibenzyldaunorubicin: RN given refers to (arabino-(8S-cis))-isomer; structure		1.9610
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		3.0710guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
morpholinoanthracycline mx2
morpholinoanthracycline MX2: structure given in first source		4.8621
pirarubicin
[no description available]		5.3721anthracycline
esorubicin
esorubicin: RN given refers to parent cpd; synthesized deriv of doxorubicin		6.5532
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		1.9710
arginine
Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.		3.0910
echinomycin
Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.		3.9920cyclodepsipeptide
carubicin
Carubicin: A very toxic anthracycline-type antineoplastic related to DAUNORUBICIN, obtained from Actinomadura carminata.. carminomycin(1+) : An anthracyline cation that is the conjugate acid of carminomycin, obtained by protonation of the amino group.		6.7842anthracycline cation
n-benzyladriamycin-14-valerate
[no description available]		1.9610
quelamycin
[no description available]		1.9610
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.3511
Recrudescence
[description not available]		04.9733
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		04.3322
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		04.3322
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		04.3322
ATLL
[description not available]		08.7821
Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		03.7821
HTLV-I Infections
Diseases caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1.		01.9810
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		08.3711
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.7721
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		03.3711
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		03.7721
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		03.3711
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		04.8442
Metastase
[description not available]		04.6132
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		04.9833
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		03.3711
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		04.8442
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		04.6132
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		04.9833
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.3753
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		05.3753
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		06.2272
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		07.99143
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		06.2272
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		07.99143
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		03.3711
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		04.6821
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		09.6821
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		03.3711
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		04.3322
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		04.9833
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04.3322
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		04.9833
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		05.933
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		04.9731
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.2811
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		04.2811
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		05.933
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.2811
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		04.2811
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		06.893
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		07.1783
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		04.8442
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		06.893
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		07.1783
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		04.8442
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		03.3811
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.3811
Cancer of the Urinary Tract
[description not available]		03.3811
Emesis
[description not available]		04.3422
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		04.3422
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		04.6232
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		04.3522
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		04.3422
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		03.3811
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		03.3811
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		04.9833
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		03.3811
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		04.9833
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		05.6741
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		05.6741
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		04.3522
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		03.3911
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		04.3422
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		04.2841
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.3911
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		05.4744
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		03.3911
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		04.3422
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		04.2841
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		03.3911
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		03.3911
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.3911
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		04.3422
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		04.3422
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		03.3811
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		09.3422
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		04.3422
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		03.3811
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		04.9731
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		04.9731
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		08.3611
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		01.9810
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		01.9810
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		03.7721
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		03.7721
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		01.9810
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		03.3611
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		03.3611
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		03.3611
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		04.2741
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		08.3611
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		04.2741
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		05.7122
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		05.7122
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		03.7721
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.7721
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		03.7721
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.7721
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		02.6630
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		03.0750
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida
[description not available]		01.9710
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		02.6630
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		02.6630
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		09.3222
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		04.3222
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		03.3611
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		03.2920
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		08.2920
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		01.9710
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		01.9710
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		01.9710
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		07.3720
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		07.3720
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9710
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		01.9710
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		01.9710
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		01.9710
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		01.9710
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		01.9710
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		01.9710