Spina Bifida Aperta

A form of spinal dysraphism associated with a protruding cyst made up of either meninges (i.e., a MENINGOCELE) or meninges in combination with spinal cord tissue (i.e., a MENINGOMYELOCELE). These lesions are frequently associated with spinal cord dysfunction, HYDROCEPHALUS, and SYRINGOMYELIA. (From Davis et al., Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp224-5)

Synonym
Spina Bifida, Open
Spina Bifida Cystica
Spina Bifida Manifesta
Spina Bifida Aperta

Excerpt	Reference
"Congenital spina bifida aperta is a common congenital malformation in children and has an incidence of 1‰ to 5‰ in China."	( Fan, Y; Gu, H; Li, H; Liu, W; Shan, L; Yuan, Z; Zhou, F, 2012)
"Spina bifida aperta are complex congenital malformations resulting from failure of fusion in the spinal neural tube during embryogenesis."	( An, D; Cao, S; Gu, H; Li, H; Li, X; Liu, B; Ma, W; Miao, J; Wang, Q; Wang, W; Wei, X; Wu, D; Yuan, Z; Zhang, H; Zhao, G, 2016)
"Spina bifida aperta is a congenital malformation characterized by the failure of neural tube closure resulting in an unprotected fetal spinal cord."	( Corona, MU; Encinas, JL; Figueira, RL; Li, Z; Marotta, M; Oria, M; Owens, K; Pathak, B; Peiro, JL; Sbragia, L; Scorletti, F, 2018)
"Spina bifida aperta is a type of neural tube defect (NTD)."	( An, D; Bai, Y; Gu, H; Liu, D; Luo, W; Ma, W; Wei, X; Yuan, Z, 2020)

Excerpt	Reference
"Spina bifida aperta has been linked specifically to valproic acid (VPA) (estimated risk, 1 to 2%)."	( Brandenburg, H; Gaillard, HL; Grobbee, DE; Jahoda, MG; Los, FJ; Omtzigt, JG; Pijpers, L; Sachs, ES; Stewart, PA; Wladimiroff, JW, 1992)

Excerpt	Reference
"This administration of VPA produced spina bifida aperta and spina bifida occulta in mice."	( Ehlers, K; Merker, HJ; Nau, H; Stürje, H, 1992)
"The fetal rat model of spina bifida aperta was established using retinoic acid and treated with a microsurgical injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)."	( Dai, J; Feng, J; Fu, R; Hao, Y; Jiang, C; Jiang, M; Liu, X; Pan, Y; Ren, M, 2021)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	3 (6.25)	23.3326
1990's	12 (25.00)	12.5806
2000's	8 (16.67)	18.1394
2010's	19 (39.58)	28.8240
2020's	6 (12.50)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	low	1	0
diazepam	low	1	0
valproic acid	low	5	0
lidocaine	low	1	0
indomethacin	low	1	0
estriol	low	1	0
barium sulfate	low	1	0
fomesafen	low	3	0
sodium arsenite	low	1	0
tretinoin	low	12	0
enclomiphene	medium	1	1
amphotericin b	low	1	0
morphine	low	1	0
cellulose	low	1	0
chitosan	low	1	0
epidermal growth factor	low	1	0
vitamin b 12	low	1	0
folic acid	low	6	0

Protein Targets (434)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	3	2	5
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	4	0	4
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	0	1	1
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	6	1	7
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	2	1	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	0	0	1	1
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	4	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	0	1	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	0	0	1	1
Chain A, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
Chain B, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
Chain A, Cruzipain	3	0	0	3
interleukin 8	2	0	0	2
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	3	0	0	3
GLS protein	3	0	0	3
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	6	0	0	6
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	4	0	0	4
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	3	0	0	3
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	7	0	0	7
tumor necrosis factor	1	0	0	1
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	5	0	0	5
peripheral myelin protein 22	2	0	0	2
lamin isoform A-delta10	3	0	0	3
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	1	1	2
Cytochrome P450 3A4	0	2	2	4
Cytochrome P450 2D6	0	2	1	3
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	1	1	2
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	1	1	2
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	3	1	1	5
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	4	0	4
Aurora kinase B	0	1	0	1
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid	0	1	0	1
glp-1 receptor, partial	3	0	0	3
TDP1 protein	5	0	0	5
GLI family zinc finger 3	4	0	0	4
AR protein	6	0	0	6
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	4	0	0	4
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	3	0	0	3
progesterone receptor	4	0	0	4
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	3	0	0	3
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	6	0	0	6
pregnane X nuclear receptor	3	0	0	3
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	7	0	0	7
G	3	0	0	3
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	5	0	0	5
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	3	0	0	3
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	2	0	2
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	4	0	4
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	4	0	5
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	4	0	0	4
Bile salt export pump	0	8	0	8
Interferon beta	3	0	0	3
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	3	0	0	3
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1	0	0	0	1
Albumin	0	1	2	4
Albumin	0	0	1	1
Cellular tumor antigen p53	5	0	0	5
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	2	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	2	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	2	2	1	5
Translocator protein	0	1	2	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	2	2	1	5
Glutamate receptor 2	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	2	2	1	5
Translocator protein	0	1	0	1
Translocator protein	0	1	0	1
Cholecystokinin receptor type A	0	1	0	1
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	2	2	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	1	0	1
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1	0	1	0	1
GABA theta subunit	2	2	1	5
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	3	0	0	3
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	3	0	0	3
Ataxin-2	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	2	2	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	2	0	2
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	3	0	0	3
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	3	0	0	3
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	1	0	0	1
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog	1	0	0	1
Smad3	1	0	0	1
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	3	0	0	3
IDH1	2	0	0	2
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N	0	1	0	1
protein AF-9 isoform a	0	0	0	1
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	3	0	0	3
geminin	4	0	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	2	0	2
Epidermal growth factor receptor	0	2	0	2
Estrogen receptor	0	4	0	4
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	2	1	3
Adenosine receptor A3	0	4	0	4
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	2	0	2
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	2	0	2
Substance-K receptor	0	2	0	2
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	2	0	2
C-8 sterol isomerase	0	1	0	1
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-synuclein	2	2	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	4	0	4
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	2	0	2
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase	0	1	0	1
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	3	0	3
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	3	0	0	3
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	2	0	2
Sex hormone-binding globulin	0	0	1	1
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	0	2
Corticosteroid-binding globulin	0	1	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	0	1	0	1
Androgen receptor	0	1	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7	0	1	0	3
Glycine receptor subunit beta	0	2	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	0	2
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1	0	1	0	1
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase	0	0	1	1
Olfactory receptor 51E2	0	0	1	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10	0	0	0	1
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	3	0	0	3
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	2	0	0	2
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	2	0	0	2
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	3	0	0	3
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	2	0	0	2
acid sphingomyelinase	1	0	0	1
USP1 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	3	0	0	3
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	3	0	0	3
glucocerebrosidase	2	0	0	2
alpha-galactosidase	1	0	0	1
activating transcription factor 6	2	0	0	2
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein	1	0	0	1
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	2	0	0	2
DNA polymerase beta	1	0	0	1
Thymidylate synthase	0	2	0	2
Thymidylate synthase	0	1	0	1
Dihydrofolate reductase	0	0	1	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	2	0	2
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3	0	2	0	2
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial	0	0	0	1
Multidrug resistance associated protein	0	0	0	1
Luciferase	4	0	0	4
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	3	0	0	3
Histone H2A.x	1	0	0	1
Chain A, membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase-2	0	1	0	1
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	3	0	0	3
SMAD family member 2	1	0	0	1
SMAD family member 3	1	0	0	1
Microtubule-associated protein tau	3	0	0	3
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	2	0	0	2
EWS/FLI fusion protein	1	0	0	1
67.9K protein	1	0	0	1
Parkin	2	0	0	2
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	3	0	0	3
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)	1	0	0	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	2	0	0	2
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor	1	0	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	3	0	0	3
heat shock protein beta-1	2	0	0	2
ras-related protein Rab-9A	1	0	0	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	2	0	0	2
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	2	0	0	2
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A	1	0	0	1
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin E synthase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	1	0	2
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	1	0	2
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2	0	1	0	1
Phospholipase A2, major isoenzyme	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	2	0	3
Procathepsin L	0	1	0	1
Interleukin-8	0	1	0	1
Androgen receptor	0	0	1	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	0	1	0	2
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Thromboxane-A synthase	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	0	1	0	1
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1	0	1	0	1
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	0	2	0	2
Caspase-1	0	0	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	1	0	1
Substance-P receptor	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype	0	1	0	1
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1	0	1	0	1
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	2	1	3
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	0	1	0	1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	0	0	1	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3	0	2	0	2
Histamine H2 receptor	1	0	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter	0	1	0	1
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2	0	1	0	1
Spike glycoprotein	1	0	0	1
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	1	0	0	1
Prostaglandin D2 receptor	0	2	0	2
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	2	0	2
Lactoylglutathione lyase	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	1	0	2
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 7	0	0	0	1
Sigma intracellular receptor 2	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	0	1	0	1
Rho-associated protein kinase 2	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	1	0	1
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 8	0	1	0	1
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	3	0	3
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1	0	2	0	2
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 9	0	1	0	1
P2Y purinoceptor 12	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	0	2	0	2
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2	0	1	1	2
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	0	2	0	2
thioredoxin reductase	2	0	0	2
chromobox protein homolog 1	2	0	0	2
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	1	0	0	1
flap endonuclease 1	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	2	0	0	2
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	1	0	0	1
Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	0	1	0	1
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	0	1	0	1
Potassium channel subfamily K member 18	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Opioid receptor, delta 1b	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Opioid receptor homologue	0	1	0	1
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	1	0	1
Acyl-CoA desaturase 1	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	1	0	1
Histidine decarboxylase	0	0	1	1
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	1	0	1
Proteinase-activated receptor 1	0	1	1	2
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	1	0	2
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	2	1	4
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	2	1	4
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	2	1	6
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	2	1	4
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	2	1	4
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3	0	0	0	1
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	2	1	4
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	2	1	4
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	2	1	5
Nociceptin receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	1	0	1
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	0	0	1	1
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta	0	1	0	1
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	1	0	0	1
pregnane X receptor	2	0	0	2
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	1	0	0	1
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	1	0	0	1
nonstructural protein 1	1	0	0	1
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
Caspase-7	1	0	0	1
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	1	0	0	1
caspase-3	1	0	0	1
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	1	0	0	1
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	1	0	0	1
Ornithine decarboxylase	0	0	0	1
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	0	1	0	1
Ornithine decarboxylase	0	0	0	1
60 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
Retinoic acid receptor alpha	0	2	2	7
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Retinoic acid receptor beta	0	2	2	7
Retinoic acid receptor alpha	0	1	2	3
Retinoic acid receptor gamma	0	2	2	7
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Retinoic acid receptor gamma	0	1	2	3
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	0	2	2	4
Retinoic acid receptor beta	0	1	2	3
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2	0	0	1	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	0	1	2	3
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta	0	2	2	4
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta	0	1	2	3
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma	0	1	2	3
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha	0	1	0	1
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1	0	1	0	2
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma	0	2	2	4
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1	0	0	1	1
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	0	2	1	3
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase	0	1	0	1
60 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
10 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta	0	1	0	1
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	1	0	0	1
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	1	0	0	1
Cocaine esterase	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 3	0	2	0	2
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9	0	0	0	1
Bile salt export pump	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2A6	0	1	0	1
Tissue factor	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	0	1	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6	0	0	0	1
Liver carboxylesterase 1	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 4	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 1	0	2	0	2
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B7	0	1	0	1
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 7	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 2	0	2	0	2
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 11	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 8	0	2	0	2
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 6	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 9	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 5	0	2	0	2
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Synonyms(4)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Context

Treatment

Research

Studies (48)

Protein Targets (434)

Spina Bifida Aperta

Synonyms(4)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Context

Treatment

Research

Studies (48)

Drugs Studied (22)

Protein Targets (434)