Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Isochromosomes

Metacentric chromosomes produced during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS when the CENTROMERE splits transversely instead of longitudinally. The chromosomes produced by this abnormal division are one chromosome having the two long arms of the original chromosome, but no short arms, and the other chromosome consisting of the two short arms and no long arms. Each of these isochromosomes constitutes a simultaneous duplication and deletion.

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Isochromosomes

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"These isochromosomes are deficient for different terminal segments in the two arms."( Lukaszewski, AJ, 1997)

Research

Studies (39)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19904 (10.26)23.3326
1990's6 (15.38)12.5806
2000's15 (38.46)18.1394
2010's13 (33.33)28.8240
2020's1 (2.56)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
formaldehyde0low10
pyridoxal phosphate0low10
azathioprine0low10
valproic acid0low10
fluconazole0low20
hydroxyurea0low10
estriol0low10
thymidine0low10
prednisone0low10
idoxuridine0low10
colchicine0low10
cytidine0low10
cytarabine0low30
azacitidine0low10
arsenic trioxide0low20
daunorubicin0low20
etoposide0low10
vindesine0low10
idarubicin0low10
trazodone hydrochloride0low80
triazoles0low10
delphinidin0low10
5-methylcytidine0low10
imatinib mesylate0low10
ergosterol0low20
tretinoin0low40
decitabine0low10
bromochloroacetic acid0low10
isomethyleugenol0low20
mercaptopurine0low10
thioguanine anhydrous0low10
bilirubin0low10
arsenic0low20

Protein Targets (470)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Adenosine receptor A30606
Adenosine receptor A2a0202
Adenosine receptor A10202
TDP1 protein150015
AR protein180018
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]170017
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha200020
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma9009
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 22002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2130013
Cellular tumor antigen p53150015
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE110011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase5005
interleukin 84004
glp-1 receptor, partial4004
pregnane X receptor5005
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma110011
ATAD5 protein, partial5005
Fumarate hydratase5005
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
PPM1D protein4004
GLI family zinc finger 3130013
Thrombopoietin2002
Smad34004
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1110011
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)8008
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3150015
progesterone receptor100010
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 49009
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1170017
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha120012
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha160016
farnesoid X nuclear receptor100010
pregnane X nuclear receptor130013
polyprotein5005
67.9K protein8008
Parkin3003
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta8008
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor7007
arylsulfatase A3003
IDH16006
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2120012
aryl hydrocarbon receptor8008
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a100010
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor8008
activating transcription factor 67007
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 16006
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 14004
hemoglobin subunit beta4004
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a6006
chromobox protein homolog 1100010
huntingtin isoform 23003
ras-related protein Rab-9A3003
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 14004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1130013
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor5005
plasminogen precursor5005
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor5005
geminin150015
peripheral myelin protein 229009
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 15005
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
lamin isoform A-delta108008
Interferon beta100010
Integrin beta-34004
Integrin alpha-IIb4004
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 10202
D(1A) dopamine receptor3003
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma6118
Spike glycoprotein6006
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT20202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5110011
Ataxin-2130013
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase7007
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE6006
Chain A, Ferritin light chain6006
acetylcholinesterase6006
thioredoxin reductase8008
phosphopantetheinyl transferase6006
SMAD family member 23003
SMAD family member 33003
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
thioredoxin glutathione reductase4004
EWS/FLI fusion protein7007
G6006
P531001
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)6006
Histone H2A.x7007
heat shock protein beta-13003
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)7007
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 16006
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 13003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi6006
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30909
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40909
Bile salt export pump0202
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit100010
Bile salt export pump012012
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 6006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-16006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta6006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-26006
Glutamate receptor 2110011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-56006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-36006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-16006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-26006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-46006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-36006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-66006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-16006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-36006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-26006
GABA theta subunit6006
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 16006
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1010011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon6006
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial6006
Chain B, SARS CORONAVIRUS MAIN PROTEINASE0101
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
Polyphenol oxidase 20101
Botulinum neurotoxin type A 0101
Cytochrome P450 2A60202
Tyrosinase0101
Cytochrome P450 2A50101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase4004
Chain A, HADH2 protein4004
Chain B, HADH2 protein4004
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase6006
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
USP1 protein, partial6006
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA6006
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 14004
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor2002
Caspase-71001
Inositol monophosphatase 14004
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30405
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10203
Luciferase6006
endonuclease IV3003
PAX80002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit5005
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
glucocerebrosidase1001
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 10101
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a6006
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 27007
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
flap endonuclease 12002
steroidogenic factor 10101
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0213
Tubulin beta chain0213
Plasma kallikrein0001
Tubulin beta-4A chain0225
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Tubulin beta chain0225
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10508
Cytochrome P450 3A40416
Tubulin alpha-3C chain0225
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-10101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10303
Histamine H2 receptor2002
Tubulin alpha-1B chain0225
Tubulin alpha-4A chain0225
Tubulin beta-4B chain0225
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Tubulin beta-3 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2A chain0225
Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein0011
Tubulin beta-8 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2B chain0303
Tubulin alpha-3E chain0225
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0225
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0202
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0202
CREB-binding protein1102
Tubulin alpha-1C chain0225
Tubulin beta-6 chain0225
Tubulin beta-2B chain0225
Tubulin beta-1 chain0225
LMP1 [Human herpesvirus 4]0003
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0202
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0202
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0202
Thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0406
Thymidine kinase0203
Thymidylate synthase0002
Thymidine kinase0101
Deoxycytidine kinase0002
Probable deoxycytidylate deaminase0001
Cytidine deaminase0103
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm20101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] 0101
Thymidine kinase0102
Deoxynucleoside kinase0101
Glucose transporter0101
Cdk-related protein kinase 60101
Protein kinase domain-containing protein0101
Hexose transporter 1 0101
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10101
Calcium-dependent protein kinase 10101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 0101
Proline--tRNA ligase0101
Calcium-dependent protein kinase 40101
Lysine--tRNA ligase 0101
Uridine-cytidine kinase 1 0001
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein1001
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q13003
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease2002
cytochrome P450 2D64004
caspase-32002
Caspase-72002
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1b1001
caspase-32002
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 21001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 14004
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Transthyretin0101
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 40001
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0118
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 10001
Glutamate receptor 12002
Glutamate receptor 32002
Glutamate receptor 42002
Platelet-activating factor receptor1001
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0203
Histone deacetylase 10404
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0101
Histone deacetylase 80404
Histone deacetylase 60404
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d4004
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecD0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecB0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecC0101
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 20101
Alpha-synuclein0303
Lactoylglutathione lyase0101
Histone acetyltransferase p3000101
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0101
Estrogen receptor0202
Glucocorticoid receptor0415
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10404
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150303
Androgen receptor0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70103
Glycine receptor subunit beta0404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30404
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0022
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100001
Prothrombin0001
Regulatory protein E20011
DNA topoisomerase 10102
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0213
DNA topoisomerase 20001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0001
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0001
Caspase-30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0001
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha 0001
DNA topoisomerase 2-beta0118
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0001
Integrase 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0001
Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A10011
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA13003
unnamed protein product0101
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 33003
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 10011
Histone deacetylase 30303
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase0101
Heme oxygenase 1 0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0112
Aromatase0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0101
Heme oxygenase 20101
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic0101
Histone deacetylase 40303
Cytochrome P450 1440011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Mycocyclosin synthase0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0112
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0112
Histone deacetylase 70303
Histone deacetylase 20303
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100303
Histone deacetylase 11 0303
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Histone deacetylase 90303
Histone deacetylase 50303
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
likely tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase0101
GLS protein3003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Carbonic anhydrase 20102
Stromelysin-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Urease subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Urease subunit beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Carbonic anhydrase 90102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 43003
nonstructural protein 12002
NPYLR7B0011
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
DNA polymerase beta1001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein1001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
Amyloid-beta precursor protein1102
Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase1001
Thymidine kinase 0203
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
snurportin-11001
Vpr1001
Thymidine phosphorylase0002
Thymidine kinase0002
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10112
Cytochrome P450 2C80001
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit0112
Breakpoint cluster region protein0011
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha0112
Cytochrome P450 3A50001
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B2002
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 13003
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80001
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase0002
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta0001
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
P2X purinoceptor 10011
P2X purinoceptor 10101
P2X purinoceptor 40011
Trans-sialidase0101
Trans-sialidase0101
P2X purinoceptor 20011
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-20101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0404
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0404
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
Bcl-2-like protein 10101
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Thymidylate kinase0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic 0002
Thymidylate kinase0101
Thymidine kinase 0102
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Thymidine kinase0001
acid sphingomyelinase1001
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta0101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Cytochrome P450 1A20011
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
60 kDa chaperonin0101
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0227
Cytochrome P450 2D60011
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Retinoic acid receptor beta0227
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0227
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0224
Retinoic acid receptor beta0123
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0123
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Cytochrome P450 2C190011
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10213
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20101
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta0101
Cocaine esterase0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Tissue factor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]