peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. [RESID:AA0037]

Peptidyl-serine phosphorylation is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) involving the covalent attachment of a phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of a serine residue within a protein. This process is catalyzed by specific enzymes called protein kinases, which utilize ATP as the phosphate donor.

The phosphorylation of serine residues can significantly alter the protein's structure, function, and interactions. It can:

* **Modify protein conformation:** Phosphate groups are negatively charged, and their introduction can alter the electrostatic properties of the protein, leading to conformational changes.
* **Create binding sites:** Phosphorylation can create new binding sites for other proteins or molecules, facilitating protein-protein interactions and signaling pathways.
* **Regulate protein activity:** Phosphorylation can activate or deactivate a protein by altering its catalytic activity or its ability to bind to substrates.

**The detailed mechanism of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation involves the following steps:**

1. **Substrate recognition:** The protein kinase recognizes and binds to a specific substrate protein, often through a specific sequence motif surrounding the serine residue.
2. **ATP binding:** The kinase binds to ATP, the phosphate donor.
3. **Phosphorylation:** The kinase transfers the phosphate group from ATP to the hydroxyl group of the serine residue on the substrate protein, forming a phospho-serine residue.
4. **Product release:** The phosphorylated substrate protein and the kinase dissociate.

**The biological significance of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation is extensive and includes:**

* **Signal transduction:** Phosphorylation plays a crucial role in signal transduction pathways, where it acts as a molecular switch to regulate downstream events.
* **Cellular regulation:** It controls a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.
* **Metabolic regulation:** Phosphorylation regulates metabolic pathways by activating or inactivating enzymes involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.
* **Disease pathogenesis:** Dysregulation of phosphorylation is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Peptidyl-serine phosphorylation is a highly regulated process, with specific kinases and phosphatases controlling the phosphorylation state of individual proteins. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this PTM is crucial for developing therapies targeting specific signaling pathways and disease processes.'
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Proteins (141)

Compounds (1,040)