embryonic eye morphogenesis

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]

Embryonic eye morphogenesis is a complex and precisely regulated process that involves a series of intricate cellular interactions and signaling pathways. It begins with the formation of the optic vesicle from the neural tube, an outpouching of the developing brain. This vesicle invaginates and forms the optic cup, which will ultimately become the retina. The optic cup also induces the formation of the lens from the overlying surface ectoderm.

The optic cup is composed of two layers: the outer pigmented epithelium and the inner neural retina. The pigmented epithelium provides structural support and absorbs stray light, while the neural retina contains photoreceptor cells that detect light.

As development progresses, the optic cup folds in on itself, forming the optic stalk, which will become the optic nerve connecting the eye to the brain. The lens, now surrounded by the optic cup, differentiates into its various components.

Meanwhile, the surrounding mesenchyme, derived from the mesoderm, condenses around the optic cup and lens, forming the sclera, choroid, and cornea. The cornea, the transparent outer layer of the eye, is derived from both ectoderm and mesoderm.

Throughout this intricate process, a multitude of signaling pathways play critical roles. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway, for example, regulates optic vesicle formation and lens induction. Wnt signaling is crucial for the differentiation of retinal cells, while Shh (Sonic hedgehog) signaling controls the formation of the optic stalk and the patterning of the retina.

The development of the eye is also influenced by interactions with neighboring tissues. For example, the lens induces the formation of the cornea and the retina, while the choroid provides vascularization and nourishment to the retina.

As the eye matures, the lens continues to grow and differentiate, the retina develops its complex layers, and the various eye structures achieve their final form and function. This intricate process, guided by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and tissue interactions, results in the formation of a highly specialized organ capable of capturing light and transmitting visual information to the brain.'
"

Proteins (3)

Compounds (43)