Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of a reaction that interconverts cis and trans isomers. Atoms or groups are termed cis or trans to one another when they lie respectively on the same or on opposite sides of a reference plane identifiable as common among stereoisomers. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
Cis-trans isomerase activity refers to the enzymatic ability to catalyze the interconversion of cis and trans isomers, which are geometric isomers that differ in the spatial arrangement of substituents around a double bond or a ring. These enzymes play crucial roles in various biological processes, including:
* **Protein folding:** Cis-trans isomerases, particularly peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), act on peptide bonds involving proline residues. Proline residues often introduce kinks in polypeptide chains, hindering protein folding. PPIases accelerate the interconversion between cis and trans isomers of proline peptide bonds, facilitating proper protein folding.
* **Signal transduction:** Certain cis-trans isomerases, like retinal isomerases, are involved in signal transduction pathways. For example, retinal isomerases catalyze the conversion of cis-retinal to trans-retinal in the visual cycle, a crucial step in photoreceptor activation.
* **Lipid metabolism:** Cis-trans isomerases can also act on lipid molecules, influencing their properties and functions. For instance, they can interconvert the cis and trans isomers of fatty acids, which can impact membrane fluidity and other cellular processes.
* **Cellular regulation:** Some cis-trans isomerases participate in the regulation of cellular processes by modulating the conformation of specific proteins. This can affect protein-protein interactions, enzyme activity, and other downstream events.
The mechanism of cis-trans isomerization typically involves the enzyme temporarily binding to the substrate and facilitating the rotation around the double bond or ring, leading to the conversion of the cis isomer to the trans isomer or vice versa. Different classes of cis-trans isomerases employ distinct catalytic strategies, including the use of active site residues, cofactors, or conformational changes in the enzyme. These enzymatic activities are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and facilitating diverse biological functions.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13526] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| juglone | juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. juglone: structure | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator |
| cycloheximide | cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis. | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| 1,4-naphthoquinone | 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties. naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene. | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| glycyrrhetinic acid | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite | |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| propazole | propazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | benzimidazoles | |
| tretinoin | all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE). | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid | acetyl-11-ketoboswellic acid: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor; structure given in first source | triterpenoid |