Page last updated: 2024-11-06

perfosfamide

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Perfosfamide is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent that is used as a chemotherapy drug. It is a prodrug that is activated in the body to produce the active compound, which is a highly reactive electrophile that can damage DNA. This DNA damage can lead to cell death, which is the primary mechanism of action for perfosfamide in cancer treatment. Perfosfamide is used to treat a variety of cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors. It is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. The synthesis of perfosfamide involves the reaction of a nitrogen mustard with a phosphoramide derivative. Perfosfamide is being studied for its potential to treat other diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and viral infections. Research suggests that perfosfamide may have a role in treating a range of conditions beyond cancer, but more research is needed to understand its safety and efficacy in these contexts.'

4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide : A phosphorodiamide that is the active metabolite of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide. It has potent antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6918238
MeSH IDM0057437
PubMed CID38347
CHEMBL ID61511
CHEBI ID196991
SCHEMBL ID1650261
MeSH IDM0057437

Synonyms (39)

Synonym
perfosfamide
62435-42-1
4-hydroperoxyphosphamide
nsc 181815
4-peroxy cpa
nsc181815
39800-16-3
4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide
brn 0531579
4-hydroperoxycyclofosfamide
hydroperoxide, 2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yl, p-oxide
2h-1,3,2-oxazophosphorine, 2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-4-hydroperoxytetrahydro-, 2-oxide
2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-4-hydroperoxytetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine
asta 6496
4-ooh cyclophosphamide
ccris 2541
hydroperoxide, 2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-2-oxideo-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yl
CHEMBL61511
2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2-oxido-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yl hydroperoxide
FT-0669274
2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-2-oxideo-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-yl hydroperoxide
2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-oxido-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-4-yl hydroperoxide
chebi:196991 ,
NCGC00249609-01
dtxcid7028984
4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide
cas-39800-16-3
dtxsid2049058 ,
tox21_113608
4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide-d4
EPITOPE ID:131794
SCHEMBL1650261
AKOS030255895
1246816-71-6
Q4637151
n,n-bis(2-chloroethyl)-4-hydroperoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2lambda5-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine
2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-4-hydroperoxy-1,3,2|e?-oxazaphosphinan-2-one
HY-117433
CS-0065986

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" NOVO treatment protected tumor cells from Adriamycin (ADR)-induced lethality but sensitized them to the toxic action of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, and alkylating agent."( Modulation of the cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity of adriamycin and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide by novobiocin, an inhibitor of mammalian topoisomerase II.
Flannery, DJ; Lee, FY; Siemann, DW, 1992
)
0.28
" Our studies suggest that O6-benzylguanine analogues may have utility in mer+ tumors as an adjuvant to a variety of alkylating agents which produce a toxic lesion at the O6 position of guanine."( Effect of O6-benzylguanine analogues on sensitivity of human tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents.
Dolan, ME; Mitchell, RB; Moschel, RC; Mummert, C; Pegg, AE, 1991
)
0.28
" Furthermore, they exert strong toxic effects, measured as tritiated thymidine uptake inhibition, on mitogen-stimulated dividing cells even if pretreated during the nonproliferative phase of the cell cycle in which the toxic activity of the drugs is not detectable."( Mutagenic and toxic effects of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and of 2,4-tetrahydrocyclohexylamine (ASTA-Z-7557) on human lymphocytes cultured in vitro.
Pane, G; Perocco, P; Santucci, MA; Zannotti, M, 1985
)
0.27
" Treatment of yeast cells with the chemically activated form of CP (4-hydroperoxy-CP, 4-OOH-CP) and with several potentially toxic cleavage products revealed that cytotoxicity is closely linked to the formation of DNA interstrand cross-links and to DNA fragmentation."( Toxicity, interstrand cross-links and DNA fragmentation induced by 'activated' cyclophosphamide in yeast: comparative studies on 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide, its monofunctional analogon, acrolein, phosphoramide mustard, and nor-nitrogen mustard.
Brendel, M; Fleer, R, 1982
)
0.26
" The results of this study will show that amifostine protects normal late and early progenitor cells for the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide derivatives while preserving their antileukaemic effects."( Amifostine (WR-2721) protects normal haematopoietic stem cells against cyclophosphamide derivatives' toxicity without compromising their antileukaemic effects.
Douay, L; Giarratana, MC; Gorin, NC; Hu, C, 1995
)
0.29
" The maximally tolerated concentration, 60-100 micrograms/ml, is toxic to tumor cells but also to normal committed hematopoietic progenitor cells."( A combination of anti-CD15 monoclonal antibody PM-81 and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide augments tumor cytotoxicity while sparing normal progenitor cells.
Ball, ED; Malley, V; Rubin, J, 1994
)
0.29
" These results suggest that acrolein and 4HPC are equipotent cytotoxins and that a transient depletion in GSH accompanies this toxic effect in cardiac myocytes."( Effect of sulfhydryl compounds and glutathione depletion on rat heart myocyte toxicity induced by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and acrolein in vitro.
Dorr, RT; Lagel, K, 1994
)
0.29
" The DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), protects cells from the toxic and mutagenic effects of O6-alkylating agents."( Role of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in protecting against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity and mutagenicity.
Cai, Y; Dolan, ME; Grdina, DJ; Ludeman, SM; Wu, MH, 1999
)
0.3
"The DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) has been shown to protect cells from the toxic and mutagenic effect of alkylating agents by removing lesions from the O6 position of guanine."( Effect of O6-benzylguanine on alkylating agent-induced toxicity and mutagenicity. In Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing wild-type and mutant O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases.
Cai, Y; Dolan, ME; Ludeman, SM; Pegg, AE; Wu, MH; Xu-Welliver, M, 2000
)
0.31
" In this study, we assessed the effect of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced toxic effects in cultured Chang epithelial cells, established from nonmalignant human tissue."( Amelioration of the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract.
Bagchi, D; Bagchi, M; Benner, EJ; Joshi, SS; Kuszynski, CA, 1999
)
0.3

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetic studies, the mean drug half-life after intraventricular or intralumbar administration was 24."( Intrathecal 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide: neurotoxicity, cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in a rabbit model of VX2 leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
Carson, BS; Colvin, OM; Cork, LC; Grochow, LB; Hilton, J; Phillips, PC; Than, TT, 1992
)
0.28

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" We have examined the effects of recombinant human mast cell growth factor (MGF), alone and in combination with other HGFs, on the efficiency of gene transfer into human hematopoietic progenitor cells."( Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cells: effects of mast cell growth factor (MGF) combined with other cytokines.
Crooks, GM; Kohn, DB; Nolta, JA; Overell, RW; Williams, DE, 1992
)
0.28
" Our data suggest that treatment with 4-HC in combination with multiple monoclonal antibody reagents could be a safe and effective method of eliminating clonogenic tumor cells from human bone marrow."( Elimination of clonogenic Burkitt's lymphoma cells from human bone marrow using 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide in combination with monoclonal antibodies and complement.
Bast, RC; Bregni, M; De Fabritiis, P; Greenberger, J; Korbling, M; Lipton, J; Nadler, L; Ritz, J; Rothstein, L, 1985
)
0.27
" Among these agents, cytarabine may be the best agent for the combination with fludarabine phosphate."( In vitro cytotoxic effects of fludarabine (2-F-ara-A) in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents by isobologram analysis.
Akutsu, M; Bai, L; Furukawa, Y; Ichikawa, A; Kano, Y; Kon, K; Suzuki, K; Tsunoda, S, 2000
)
0.31
" Because of its wide spectrum of actions, it is reasonable to consider the combination with other anticancer drugs in clinical application."( Cytotoxic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 (depsipeptide, formally named FR901228) in combination with conventional anti-leukemia/lymphoma agents against human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines.
Akutsu, M; Furukawa, Y; Izumi, T; Kano, Y; Kobayashi, H; Mano, H; Tsunoda, S, 2007
)
0.34
" Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are exposed to various types of drugs, and understanding how these drugs interact is of the utmost importance."( Development of an assay for cellular efflux of pharmaceutically active agents and its relevance to understanding drug interactions.
Andersson, BS; Hassan, M; Valdez, BC, 2017
)
0.46
" We investigated the effects of methotrexate (MTX) alone and combined with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) on P-gp expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with RA and examined the signaling pathway involved."( Methotrexate Combined with 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide Downregulates Multidrug-Resistance P-Glycoprotein Expression Induced by Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway.
Chen, K; Gao, C; Li, X; Luo, J; Qin, K; Wang, C; Wang, Q; Zhao, W; Zhao, X, 2018
)
0.48

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019
)
0.51

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The frequency, time to onset, and duration of GVHD were similar among the three CSP dosage groups."( Induction of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease by administration of cyclosporine to patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia.
Altomonte, V; Farmer, ER; Hess, AD; Jones, RJ; Santos, GW; Vogelsang, GB; Yeager, AM, 1992
)
0.28
"Local administration of a low dosage of the active cyclophosphamide derivative 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide (4-HPCY) at the site of antigenic stimulation strongly enhances T-cell-mediated immune responses in both mice and guinea-pigs."( Tumor regression and induction of anti-tumor immunity by local chemotherapy of guinea-pigs bearing a line-10 hepatocarcinoma.
Bril, H; Claessen, AM; Scheper, RJ; Steerenberg, PA; Tan, BT; Valster, H, 1991
)
0.28
" However, the log linear dose-response allowed the extrapolation of cell kill for doses of drugs whose kill could not be determined directly."( Prediction of the ability to purge tumor from murine bone marrow using clonogenic assays.
Colvin, OM; Jones, RJ; Sensenbrenner, LL, 1988
)
0.27
" The dose-response relations for the inhibition of blastulation revealed identical inhibition curves for PAM and 4-HP-CPA (in solution 4-HP-CPA immediately decomposes to 4-hydroxy-CPA (4-OH-CPA))."( Investigation on cyclophosphamide treatment during the preimplantation period. II. In vitro studies on the effects of cyclophosphamide and its metabolites 4-OH-cyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard, and acrolein on blastulation of four-cell and eight-ce
Jacob-Müller, U; Spielmann, H, 1981
)
0.26
" Dose-response and time-course experiments were performed by incubating the cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as well as other commercially available retinoids."( Retinoic acid down-regulates aldehyde dehydrogenase and increases cytotoxicity of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and acetaldehyde.
Gabr, A; Gowda, S; Mohuczy, D; Moreb, JS; Vartikar, GR; Zucali, JR, 2005
)
0.33
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

RoleDescription
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
immunosuppressive agentAn agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
alkylating agentHighly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
drug allergenAny drug which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
phosphorodiamide
nitrogen mustardCompounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.
peroxolMonosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide HOOH, having the skeleton ROOH, in which R is any organyl group.
organochlorine compoundAn organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (3)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Metabolism14961108
Biological oxidations150276
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds69175

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency1.14240.007215.758889.3584AID624030
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.98670.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.71010.000221.22318,912.5098AID743054
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency37.57800.002319.595674.0614AID651631
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (124)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (34)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (16)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID267581Antiproliferative activity against NTR expressing chinese hamster V79 cells after 72 hrs2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 49, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of cyclic and acyclic nitrobenzylphosphoramide mustards for E. coli nitroreductase activation.
AID93938Concentration required to reduce the viability of L1210 cells by 50% after 1-h incubation at 37 degrees C1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1
Aldophosphamide acetal diacetate and structural analogues: synthesis and cytotoxicity studies.
AID39419Tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against B16 murine melanoma cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of nitroheterocyclic phosphoramidates as hypoxia-selective alkylating agents.
AID153381In vivo antitumor activity against P388/0 (wild) leukemia in mice measured by increase in life span after 200 mg/kg compound administration2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 47, Issue:15
Sulfonyl-containing aldophosphamide analogues as novel anticancer prodrugs targeted against cyclophosphamide-resistant tumor cell lines.
AID83779Tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells under hypoxic condition2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of nitroheterocyclic phosphoramidates as hypoxia-selective alkylating agents.
AID267580Antiproliferative activity against chinese hamster V79 cells after 72 hrs2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 49, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of cyclic and acyclic nitrobenzylphosphoramide mustards for E. coli nitroreductase activation.
AID103234Tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against MCF-7/WT wild-type human breast cancer cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of nitroheterocyclic phosphoramidates as hypoxia-selective alkylating agents.
AID153383Number of long-term (33-day) survival P388/0 (wild) leukemia mice (5) after 400 mg/kg compound administration2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 47, Issue:15
Sulfonyl-containing aldophosphamide analogues as novel anticancer prodrugs targeted against cyclophosphamide-resistant tumor cell lines.
AID103230Tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against MCF-7/CP 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-resistant human breast cancer cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of nitroheterocyclic phosphoramidates as hypoxia-selective alkylating agents.
AID83778Tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells under aerobic condition2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Synthesis and evaluation of nitroheterocyclic phosphoramidates as hypoxia-selective alkylating agents.
AID267582Ratio for antiproliferative activity against NTR- V79 cells to NTR+ V79 cells after 72 hrs2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 49, Issue:14
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of cyclic and acyclic nitrobenzylphosphoramide mustards for E. coli nitroreductase activation.
AID211842In vivo antitumor activity against P388/CPA leukemia (resistant) in mice measured by increase in life span after 200 mg/kg compound administration; Toxic2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 47, Issue:15
Sulfonyl-containing aldophosphamide analogues as novel anticancer prodrugs targeted against cyclophosphamide-resistant tumor cell lines.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (327)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990109 (33.33)18.7374
1990's151 (46.18)18.2507
2000's49 (14.98)29.6817
2010's14 (4.28)24.3611
2020's4 (1.22)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 17.61

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index17.61 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.08 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.51 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index10.37 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (17.61)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials18 (5.49%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews12 (3.66%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies4 (1.22%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other294 (89.63%)84.16%
Other7 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]