Compounds > lewis y antigen
Page last updated: 2024-11-13

lewis y antigen

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID131885647
MeSH IDM0248121

Synonyms (10)

Synonym
lewis y
lewis y antigen
n-((2r,3r,4r,5r)-4-(((2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(((2s,3s,4r,5s,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-5,6-dihydroxy-1-oxo-3-(((2s,3s,4r,5s,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-
d-glucose, o-6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-o-(o-6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-.beta.-d-galactopyranosyl-(1->4))-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-
MH9Z13QV44 ,
unii-mh9z13qv44
d-glucose, o-6-deoxy-alpha-l-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-o-(o-6-deoxy-alpha-l-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1->4))-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-
CS-0610621
HY-N10535
DTXSID601045180

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" To improve the effector functions of the antibody, increase its half-life in circulation, and avoid the human antimouse antibody response, two chimeric and several humanized antibodies were constructed for evaluation."( Humanized anti-Lewis Y antibodies: in vitro properties and pharmacokinetics in rhesus monkeys.
Baker, J; Bednarik, K; Co, MS; Janzek, E; Loibner, H; Mayer, P; Neruda, W; Plot, R; Queen, C; Stumper, B; Vasquez, M, 1996)		0.29
" Hu3S193 displayed a long serum half-life (T(1/2)beta = 189."( A phase I biodistribution and pharmacokinetic trial of humanized monoclonal antibody Hu3s193 in patients with advanced epithelial cancers that express the Lewis-Y antigen.
Brechbiel, MW; Cavicchiolo, T; Chappell, B; Chong, G; Davis, ID; Gill, S; Hoffman, EW; Hopkins, W; Lee, FT; Liu, Z; MacGregor, D; Murone, C; Murphy, R; Old, LJ; Papenfuss, AT; Poon, AM; Saunder, TH; Scott, AM; Smyth, FE; Tebbutt, N, 2007)		0.34
"Hu3S193 is well tolerated and selectively targets tumors, and the long half-life and biological function in vivo of this antibody makes it an attractive potential therapy for patients with Le(y)-expressing cancers."( A phase I biodistribution and pharmacokinetic trial of humanized monoclonal antibody Hu3s193 in patients with advanced epithelial cancers that express the Lewis-Y antigen.
Brechbiel, MW; Cavicchiolo, T; Chappell, B; Chong, G; Davis, ID; Gill, S; Hoffman, EW; Hopkins, W; Lee, FT; Liu, Z; MacGregor, D; Murone, C; Murphy, R; Old, LJ; Papenfuss, AT; Poon, AM; Saunder, TH; Scott, AM; Smyth, FE; Tebbutt, N, 2007)		0.34
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was based on radioassay and ELISA."( Phase I biodistribution and pharmacokinetic study of Lewis Y-targeting immunoconjugate CMD-193 in patients with advanced epithelial cancers.
Bellen, J; Brechbiel, MW; Chappell, B; Herbertson, RA; Hopkins, W; Lee, FT; Lee, ST; MacFarlane, DJ; Micallef, N; Murone, C; Saunder, T; Scott, AM; Smyth, FE; Sonnichsen, DS; Tebbutt, NC; Wyld, DK, 2009)		0.35
" These results highlight the importance of biodistribution and pharmacodynamic assessment in early phase studies of new biologics to assist in clinical development."( Phase I biodistribution and pharmacokinetic study of Lewis Y-targeting immunoconjugate CMD-193 in patients with advanced epithelial cancers.
Bellen, J; Brechbiel, MW; Chappell, B; Herbertson, RA; Hopkins, W; Lee, FT; Lee, ST; MacFarlane, DJ; Micallef, N; Murone, C; Saunder, T; Scott, AM; Smyth, FE; Sonnichsen, DS; Tebbutt, NC; Wyld, DK, 2009)		0.35

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Radioimmunotherapy was also combined with a single injection of 300 microg paclitaxel to explore improved efficacy."( Radioimmunotherapy with alpha-particle emitting 213Bi-C-functionalized trans-cyclohexyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-humanized 3S193 is enhanced by combination with paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Brechbiel, MW; Kelly, MP; Lee, FT; Scott, AM; Smyth, FE; Tahtis, K, 2007)		0.34

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In contrast, in an MCF-7 xenograft preventive model, a 1-mg hu3S193 dosage schedule was able to significantly slow tumor growth compared with placebo and isotype-matched control IgG1 antibody."( Construction, production, and characterization of humanized anti-Lewis Y monoclonal antibody 3S193 for targeted immunotherapy of solid tumors.
Armour, KL; Burgess, AW; Carr, FJ; Clarke, K; Geleick, D; Harris, WJ; Hoffman, E; Kitamura, K; Kronina, V; Kypridis, A; Laughton, K; Lee, FT; Liu, Z; Murphy, R; Nice, EC; Old, LJ; Richards, EC; Ritter, G; Rood, J; Rubira, M; Scott, AM; Smyth, FE; Stockert, E, 2000)		0.31
" Further investigations of dosing regimens using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and radioimmunotherapy in the treatment of EGFR expressing tumors are warranted."( Enhanced efficacy of radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-CHX-A''-DTPA-hu3S193 by inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478.
Brechbiel, MW; Burgess, AW; Hall, C; Johns, TG; Kelly, MP; Lee, FT; Mountain, AJ; Nice, EC; Rigopoulos, A; Scott, AM; Smyth, FE, 2005)		0.33
" A phase I trial of humanized 3S193 (hu3S193) with dosing up to 40 mg/m2 demonstrated tumor targeting without serious toxicities or the development of human anti-human antibodies."( Targeting Lewis Y (Le(y)) in small cell lung cancer with a humanized monoclonal antibody, hu3S193: a pilot trial testing two dose levels.
Chen, LC; Divgi, C; Finn, R; Jones, J; Jungbluth, AA; Kris, MG; Krug, LM; Milton, DT; Nagel, A; Old, L; Pandit-Taskar, N; Quaia, E; Scott, AM; Smith-Jones, P, 2007)		0.34
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (297)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's78 (26.26)18.2507
2000's141 (47.47)29.6817
2010's75 (25.25)24.3611
2020's3 (1.01)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials10 (3.19%)5.53%
Reviews18 (5.75%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other285 (91.05%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		3.1110azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate
[no description available]		2.0510
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.1110organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		2.7130pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.0410
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		210nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.4720chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.4720aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		210mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.0310aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		2.4620D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.6930lactose
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		1.9910antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		210mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
anthracene
acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.		2.1510acene;
anthracenes;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.7230azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.0210azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
maleimide
[no description available]		2.0210dicarboximide;
maleimides		EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		3.6790fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		210fluorescein isothiocyanate
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		2.0710D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		3.4711beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		2.1710titanium group element atom
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		210delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		210acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		3.110aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		2.0410L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		2103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		3.8540taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
buserelin
Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.		1.9910oligopeptide
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		1.99103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
irinotecan
[no description available]		210carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.0410xanthene dyefluorochrome
thomsen-friedenreich antigen
Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen: do not confuse with T antigens, which are viral		2.7730
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.15101,2,3-triazole
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		3.1210macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
yttrium radioisotopes
Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.		5.741
gefitinib
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.4320secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
n-(2-amino-3-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)propyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-n,n',n',n'',n''-pentaacetic acid
N-(2-amino-3-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)propyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N',N',N'',N''-pentaacetic acid: used for (111)Indium labeling of monoclonal antibodies; structure in J Chem Soc (Perkin 1) 1992:1173-8; RN given refers to ((1alpha(S*),2beta)-(+-))-isomer		2.4220
carboplatin
[no description available]		2.0610
n-acetyllactosamine
N-acetyllactosamine: RN given refers to D-isomer. N-acetyllactosamine : A beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.		2.7130beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		210tripeptide
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		2.420retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
cefoxitin
Tn antigen: immediate precursor in biosynthesis of Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen; present in about 90% of human carcinoma tissue; proposed as universal carcinoma marker. O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine : A non-proteinogenic L-amino acid that is N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine linked via an alpha glycosidic bond to the O at position 3 of L-serine.		2.9340L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		tumour antigen
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		2.0210actinomycinmutagen
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.91402-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
fludarabine
[no description available]		3.4711purine nucleoside
rtki cpd
RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors		2.0210
cystine
[no description available]		1.9910
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.1110
n-acetylgalactosaminyl-1-4-n-acetylglucosamine
[no description available]		1.9910
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		2.0310metal atom;
pnictogen
cdw17 antigen
[no description available]		2.0310
ganglioside, gd2
[no description available]		2.0810
beta-escin
[no description available]		4.3141
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		2.4220dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
ginsenoside rg3
ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.1110ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc
Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: A sialylated version of Lewis X antigen expressed on cell surfaces. It is a ligand for SELECTINS.. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc : A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a glucosaminyl residue, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 3-position.		3.72100amino tetrasaccharide;
glucosamine oligosaccharide		epitope
glycolipids
[no description available]		3.2560
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		3.2960
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.4720
calicheamicin gamma(1)i
calicheamicin gamma(1)I: structure given in first source; isolated from Micromonospora echinospora sp. calichensis; acts as a DNA double-stranded cleaving agent. calicheamicin gamma1(I) : A calcheamicin in which contains 3-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyl, 2,6-dideoxy-4-thio-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl, and 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-2-O-[2,4-dideoxy-4-(ethylamino)-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-threo-pentopyranosyl]-alpha-L-idopyranose units and in which the aromatic ring contains an iodo substituent.		2.0210calicheamicin;
enediyne antibiotic;
organoiodine compound		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.0710
qs 21
[no description available]		4.3141
lewis x antigen
Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.		8.02730
raltitrexed
[no description available]		210N-acyl-amino acid
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.0410
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.9580
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		06.8270
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.9580
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		06.8270
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		05.13170
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		05.13170
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		02.3110
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.8330
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.4570
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.3110
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.8330
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		09.62245
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		09.62245
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.1510
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.64180
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.470
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.1510
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		010.64180
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		03.1950
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		06.35131
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		07.94173
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		07.89382
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		06.35131
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		07.89382
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		02.9640
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.1510
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		02.1710
Malignant Mesothelioma
[description not available]		02.1710
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.9540
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		04.7970
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		04.7970
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		04.95140
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		04.95140
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		04.1531
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		04.1531
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic
[description not available]		02.0810
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		02.0810
Atheroma
[description not available]		02.0810
Angiitis
[description not available]		02.0810
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.0810
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		02.0810
Carcinoma, Colloid
[description not available]		02.7330
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.4420
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.7330
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.4420
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)		02.4820
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)		02.4820
Metastase
[description not available]		02.7230
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.7230
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		02.9340
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.9340
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		04.6561
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.1110
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		04.6561
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		03.73100
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.73100
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		04.4111
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		04.4111
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		04.4111
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		04.4111
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.470
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.470
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.7330
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.7330
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		04.3170
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.4520
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.4520
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.0410
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.4220
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		02.0410
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.4220
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.0410
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.0410
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.9440
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.9340
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		03.6430
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.9340
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.9340
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		03.6430
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		02.0510
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.0510
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
[description not available]		02.0510
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone
Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.		02.0510
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		07.0510
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.0510
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		04.1860
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		04.1860
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.0610
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		02.4220
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.0610
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.0610
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		02.4220
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		02.4220
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.0610
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		02.0610
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.0710
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.4220
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		02.4220
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		02.9210
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		02.9210
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		02.0110
Indigestion
[description not available]		02.0110
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		02.0110
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		02.0110
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.0110
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		02.0110
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		03.3420
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		03.3420
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		02.730
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		02.730
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		03.3320
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		02.9310
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		03.3320
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		02.0210
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		02.0210
Endothelioma, Vascular
[description not available]		02.0210
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.0210
Hemangioendothelioma
A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)		02.0210
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		02.0210
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.9340
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		04.0150
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		02.4120
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		04.0150
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		02.4120
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		01.9910
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		01.9910
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		01.9910
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		01.9910
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.		02.0310
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		0530
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.0310
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.0310
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Lowered Platelets
[description not available]		02.0310
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.0310
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.0310
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		02.0310
HELLP Syndrome
A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION.		02.0310
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.0410
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		02.0410
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.9510
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		04.0150
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.9510
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		04.0150
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.0410
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		03.3420
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		07.6830
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.6830
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		01.9810
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		01.9810
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
[description not available]		01.9810
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		01.9810
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		01.9810
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		01.9810
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		01.9810
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		01.9810
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		01.9810
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		03.3711
Carcinoma, Embryonal
A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)		01.9910
Intraepithelial Prostatic Neoplasia
[description not available]		02.910
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
A premalignant change arising in the prostatic epithelium, regarded as the most important and most likely precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The neoplasia takes the form of an intra-acinar or ductal proliferation of secretory cells with unequivocal nuclear anaplasia, which corresponds to nuclear grade 2 and 3 invasive prostate cancer.		02.910
Fibroid
[description not available]		01.9910
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		01.9910
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		01.9910
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		01.9910
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		01.9910
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		01.9910
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		01.9910
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.3920
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		02.3920
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		01.9910
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		01.9910
Keratoacanthoma
A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.		01.9910
Cancer of Jaw
[description not available]		01.9910
Ameloblastoma
An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.		01.9910
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic
[description not available]		01.9910
Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		01.9910
Hepatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.		01.9910
Keratosis Seborrheica
[description not available]		01.9910
Bowen Disease
[description not available]		01.9910
Keratosis, Seborrheic
Benign eccrine poromas that present as multiple oval, brown-to-black plaques, located mostly on the chest and back. The age of onset is usually in the fourth or fifth decade.		01.9910
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		01.9910
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		01.9910
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		02.420
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.420
Neoplasms, Bone Marrow
[description not available]		01.9910
Bone Marrow Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.		01.9910
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		01.9910
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		01.9910
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9810
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		01.9810
Capillary Leak Syndrome
A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hematocrit to rise precipitously. If not treated, generalized vascular leak can lead to generalized EDEMA; SHOCK; cardiovascular collapse; and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE.		01.9810
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		01.9910
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		01.9910
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		01.9910
Recrudescence
[description not available]		0210
Cancer of the Tongue
[description not available]		0210
Tongue Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.		0210
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		0210
Berger Disease
[description not available]		0210
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		0210
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		0210
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		0210
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		04.311
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		04.311
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid
[description not available]		03.3911
Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma in which the tumor elements are arranged as finger-like processes or as a solid spherical nodule projecting from an epithelial surface.		03.3911
Carcinoma, Endometrioid
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.		03.3911
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		0210
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		0210
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		0210
Mesothelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		0210
Pleural Effusion, Malignant
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.		0210
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		0210
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		0210
Angioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.		02.4120
Hemangioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)		02.4120
Gastritis, Atrophic
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.		0210
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		0210
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		0210
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis
[description not available]		0210
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		0210
Spondylitis, Ankylosing
A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.		0210
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		0210