amacrine cell differentiation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons. [CL:0000561, GOC:bf]

Amacrine cell differentiation is a complex process that involves a series of intricate molecular events culminating in the formation of a specialized type of neuron found in the retina. This process begins with the commitment of retinal progenitor cells to the amacrine cell fate, which is regulated by a intricate interplay of transcription factors and signaling molecules. Once committed, amacrine cell precursors undergo a series of cell divisions, each accompanied by precise changes in gene expression, ultimately leading to the generation of post-mitotic amacrine cells.

During differentiation, amacrine cells acquire their characteristic morphology, including the development of dendrites, axons, and synaptic connections with other retinal neurons. Dendrites, the receptive structures of the neuron, extend into the inner plexiform layer of the retina, where they form synapses with bipolar cells and other amacrine cells. Axons, responsible for transmitting signals, extend to various targets within the retina, including other amacrine cells, ganglion cells, and bipolar cells.

The differentiation process also involves the acquisition of specific molecular markers and functional properties that define amacrine cells. These include the expression of neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and signaling molecules responsible for the unique roles amacrine cells play in retinal circuitry. For example, some amacrine cells express specific neurotransmitters, such as GABA or glycine, which are involved in the regulation of retinal output and visual processing.

In summary, amacrine cell differentiation is a meticulously orchestrated process that involves the commitment of progenitor cells to the amacrine fate, the acquisition of specific morphology, and the expression of specialized molecular machinery. These events ensure the formation of functional amacrine cells that play critical roles in the complex circuitry of the retina, ultimately contributing to the intricate process of vision.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)