Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Ainhum

Spontaneous autoamputation of the fourth or fifth toe.

Synonyms(3)

Synonym
Spontaneous Dactylolysis
Ainhum
Dactylolysis Spontanea

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Ainhum is a rare constricting band disease, usually affecting digits and resulting in spontaneous amputation."( Anderson, PC; Rossiter, JW, 1976)
"Pseudoainhum is an infrequent complication in the autosomal-recessive keratodermas."( Bergman, R; Bitterman-Deutsch, O; Fartasch, M; Friedman-Birnbaum, R; Gershoni-Baruch, R, 1993)
"The term Pseudoainhum is used in medical literature to elaborate the presence of constricting bands around the digits of hands and feet due to variety of etiologies."( Anwar, MI; Hasnain, SH; Iftikhar, N; Ishaq, BM, 2012)

Research

Studies (22)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199012 (54.55)23.3326
1990's2 (9.09)12.5806
2000's1 (4.55)18.1394
2010's4 (18.18)28.8240
2020's3 (13.64)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
lactic acid0low10
niacin0low10
urea0low10
gabapentin0low10
lidocaine0low10
tazarotene0low10
triamcinolone acetonide0low20
triamcinolone0low10
naproxen0low10
tretinoin0low30
tacrolimus0low10
tranilast0low10
etretinate0low30
acitretin0low10
clobetasol0low20
sodium ethylxanthate0low10

Protein Targets (285)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Luciferase4004
USP1 protein, partial7007
TDP1 protein9009
Microtubule-associated protein tau3003
AR protein170017
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A17007
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]100010
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha150015
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma7007
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 28008
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a9009
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 29009
flap endonuclease 12002
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
geminin100010
peripheral myelin protein 225005
survival motor neuron protein isoform d4004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 12002
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3011011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4011011
Bile salt export pump0101
Bile salt export pump012012
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 32002
Cellular tumor antigen p537007
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
aryl hydrocarbon receptor5005
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 10303
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20202
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase0202
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1010010
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit4004
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma9009
SMAD family member 26006
SMAD family member 36006
GLI family zinc finger 37007
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)4004
progesterone receptor6006
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 45005
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 19009
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha7007
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha110011
farnesoid X nuclear receptor5005
pregnane X nuclear receptor8008
G3003
cytochrome P450 2D63003
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta7007
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor7007
activating transcription factor 62002
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a4004
heat shock protein beta-15005
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 17007
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit4004
Interferon beta4004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 3003
Glutamate receptor 24004
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 13003
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial3003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 13003
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 15005
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0426
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 10101
Androgen receptor0101
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 0202
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20202
Cytochrome P450 2C190112
thioredoxin glutathione reductase3003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
regulator of G-protein signaling 42002
EWS/FLI fusion protein2002
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
lamin isoform A-delta105005
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase4004
acetylcholinesterase2002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a2002
Integrin beta-32002
Integrin alpha-IIb2002
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE4004
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
thioredoxin reductase3003
GLS protein2002
IDH12002
chromobox protein homolog 16006
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi4004
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta4004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-24004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-54004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-34004
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-24004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-44004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-34004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-64004
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-14004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-34004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-24004
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
GABA theta subunit4004
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon4004
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0103
Hormone-sensitive lipase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Adenosine receptor A10101
Caspase-10101
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0102
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Caspase-30101
Caspase-40101
Cytochrome P450 2J20202
Caspase-50101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Caspase-90101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0102
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor2002
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
Polyphenol oxidase 20101
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
D-amino-acid oxidase0101
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 30011
Nicotinamidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20011
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20213
D-aspartate oxidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20112
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 33003
Histone H2A.x3003
Caspase-72002
caspase-32002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Cytochrome P450 3A40112
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70001
Cytochrome P450 3A50101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR0101
Spike glycoprotein2002
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A0213
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B0011
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform0101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP50101
Splicing factor 3B subunit 30101
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 55005
Ataxin-25005
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10101
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 22002
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor2002
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0238
Retinoic acid receptor beta0238
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0238
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase2002
dopamine D1 receptor1001
MSH0001
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
Thrombopoietin1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)4004
nonstructural protein 12002
Parkin2002
arylsulfatase A2002
pyruvate kinase1001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 11001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
M-phase phosphoprotein 82002
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 12002
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform b1001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10101
Ornithine decarboxylase1002
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20101
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta0101
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
pregnane X receptor1001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase1001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Cytochrome P450 1A20011
60 kDa chaperonin0101
Adenosine receptor A30202
Cytochrome P450 2D60011
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0123
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0224
Retinoic acid receptor beta0123
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0123
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha0101
Alpha-synuclein0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma0112
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10213
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20101
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta0101
Chain A, HADH2 protein1001
Chain B, HADH2 protein1001
Smad31001
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein0101
Glucocorticoid receptor0404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10404
Glycine receptor subunit beta0404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30404
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE1001
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
caspase-31001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)1001
lethal factor (plasmid)1001
Urease subunit alpha0101
Urease subunit beta0101
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]