cellular response to tumor necrosis factor

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. [GOC:mah]

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a critical role in inflammation, immune responses, and cell survival. Its signaling pathway is highly complex and involves a cascade of molecular events that ultimately lead to the activation of various downstream signaling pathways, ultimately affecting cell fate. Upon binding to its receptor, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), a series of intracellular signaling events are triggered, resulting in the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including ERK, JNK, and p38. The activation of these signaling pathways leads to the expression of a wide array of genes involved in various cellular processes, including inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. TNF signaling can activate both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic pathways. The activation of the NF-κB pathway leads to the expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as c-FLIP and IAPs, which inhibit caspase activation and promote cell survival. Conversely, the activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways can lead to the activation of the caspase cascade and the induction of apoptosis. The precise outcome of TNF signaling is dependent on the cell type, the cellular context, and the specific downstream signaling pathways activated. The complexity of TNF signaling underscores its importance in various physiological processes and its potential role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases.'
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Proteins (37)

Compounds (859)