| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule |
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity | antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite |
indole
[no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | indole;
polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic |
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter |
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist |
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan | antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | diazine;
pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines | agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin |
tropolone
Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. | 3.27 | 1 | 0 | alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol | bacterial metabolite;
fungicide;
toxin |
iridium
Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom;
platinum group metal atom | |
viridicatin
viridicatin: structure. viridicatin : A hydroxyquinolone that is 3-hydroxyuinolin-2(1H)-one which is substituted at position 4 by a phenyl groups. Isolated from the mycelium of several Penicillium species, it exhibits strong antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis and also against B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae. | 3.27 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyquinoline | antibacterial agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
marine metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite |
bicuculline methiodide
[no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | | |
paxilline
paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. | 8.49 | 2 | 0 | diterpene alkaloid;
enone;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
terpenoid indole alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol | anticonvulsant;
Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
potassium channel blocker |
fumitremorgin b
fumitremorgin B: intermediary in TR-2 mycotoxin biosyn; RN given refers to (5aR-(5aalpha,6alpha,12beta,14aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. fumitremorgin B : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi via a tryptophan-proline diketopiperazine intermediate. | 4.37 | 6 | 0 | indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound | mycotoxin |
fumitremorgin a
Fumitremorgin A: isolated from fungus Aspergillus fumigatus; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,10alpha,10aalpha,14aalpha,15balpha))-isomer. fumitremorgin A : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid obtained by prenylation of the 10-hydroxy group of verruculogen. | 7.71 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether;
diol;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
organic peroxide | mycotoxin |
tryptoquivaline
tryptoquivaline: tremor-producing metabolite from Aspergillus clavatus; tetrapeptide derived from tryptophan, anthranilic acid, valine, & methylalanine; structure & N1 names previously assigned to tryptoquivaline C & tryptoquivaline D found to be incorrect & are revised in third source; see also record for tryptoquivalone; structure in third source | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | | |
territrem b
territrem B: tremorgenic mycotoxin from Aspergillus terreus; RN given refers to (4aR-(4aalpha,6abeta,12aalpha,12bbeta))-isomer | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
paspaline
paspaline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,4aalpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound | |
territrem a
territrem A: tremorgenic mycotoxin from Aspergillus terreus | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. | 3.27 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam | |
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
verruculotoxin
verruculotoxin: toxic metabolite of Penicillium verruculosum Peyronel; structure | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
brevianamide f
brevianamide F: isolated from the endophyte from Aspergillus fumigatus associated with Melia azedarach L that could be used to develop a natural eco-friendly herbicide.structure in first source. brevianamide F : A pyrrolopyrazine that is hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione bearing an indol-3-ylmethyl substituent at position 3 (the 3S,8aS-diastereomer, obtained by formal cyclocondensation of L-tryptophan and L-proline). | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide;
indoles;
pyrrolopyrazine | metabolite |
tryptoquivaline
fumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound | breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor;
mycotoxin |
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid | |
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid;
vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule |
tram 34
TRAM 34: inhibits IKCa1; structure in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
verrucosidin
verrucosidin: tremorgenic mycotoxin; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1alpha,2alpha(1E(2S*,3R*),3E),4alpha,5alpha)-(+-)-isomer | 8.49 | 2 | 0 | | |
bay 44-4400
Bay 44-4400: a semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide; PF1022A. emodepside : A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | cyclooctadepsipeptide;
semisynthetic derivative | antinematodal drug |
tryprostatin b
tryprostatin B: isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. tryprostatin B : A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at position 2 on the indole ring by a prenyl group. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide;
indole alkaloid;
indoles;
pyrrolopyrazine | |
tryprostatin a
tryprostatin A: isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. tryprostatin A : A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at positions 2 and 6 on the indole ring by prenyl and methoxy groups respectively. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
dipeptide;
indole alkaloid;
indoles;
pyrrolopyrazine | breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor |
terpendole e
terpendole E: structure in first source | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound | |
demethoxyfumitremorgin c
demethoxyfumitremorgin C: isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. demethoxyfumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid, consisting of fumitremorgin C lacking the 9-methoxy substituent. | 3.23 | 1 | 0 | indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound | mycotoxin |
lolitrem b
lolitrem B: neurotoxin from staggers-producing ryegrass pastures; MF C42-H55-N-O7 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | | |
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | | |
aflatrem
aflatrem: tremorgenic toxin isolated from Aspergillus flavus; structure | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound | |
chiniofon
Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses. | 3.27 | 1 | 0 | | |
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 8.59 | 2 | 0 | | |
hypoxanthine
[no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase | fundamental metabolite |