tretinoin and Thrombosis

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; 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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Proton Pumps; Protons; Protoporphyrins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Veins; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Qualitative Research; Quinoxalines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Histamine H3; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Transferrin; Recombinant Proteins; Recurrence; Reference Values; Referral and Consultation; Regional Blood Flow; Registries; Regulon; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Reperfusion Injury; Repressor Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Research Design; Resistance Training; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Insufficiency; Resuscitation; Retinal Dehydrogenase; Retreatment; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Ribosomal Proteins; Ribosomes; Risk Assessment; 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YAP-Signaling Proteins; Yogurt; Young Adult; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins; Ziziphus

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has evolved from being a deadly to a highly curable disease, due to targeted molecular therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). As a result, the incidence of early hemorrhagic deaths for which APL is notorious has reduced to 5-10% as reported in clinical trials. These results are not replicated outside of clinical trials as is evident from recent population-based registries. High incidence of early hemorrhagic deaths remains the greatest contributor to treatment failure in this otherwise curable leukemia. Additionally, thrombosis is now being increasingly recognized in APL patients and may be associated with ATRA usage.

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Arsenic Trioxide; Arsenicals; Blood Coagulation Tests; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Factor VIIa; Factor VIII; Fibrinogen; Fibrinolysis; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Neoplasm Proteins; Oxides; Plasma; Platelet Count; Platelet Transfusion; Recombinant Proteins; Thromboplastin; Thrombosis; Treatment Failure; Tretinoin

We have been investigating the mechanism of blood coagulation and anticoagulation related to pathogenesis and the regulation of thrombosis and bleeding disorders. Since our focus is basically internal medicine and hematology, the contribution to this field is clinically based and aimed to help patients and maintain public health. In this review some of our achievements associated with the activation and regulation of blood coagulation are introduced, mainly based on our research with post-graduate medical technologists. The main topics are the structural and functional relationship of thrombomodulin (TM), the regulation of tissue factor (TF) and TM expression, TM gene therapy, activation of the extrinsic coagulation system due to increased TF-bearing leukocytes during and after cardiac surgery, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of protein C and plasmin inhibitor mutants leading to protein deficiency, activation of blood coagulation with exposure of cellular or viral RNA, and the detection of novel bioactive peptides salusin-alpha and -beta.

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Coagulation; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cholecalciferol; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Leukocytes; Protein C; RNA, Viral; Thrombomodulin; Thromboplastin; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

In the past, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was associated with a high risk of early mortality resulting from severe coagulopathy, frequently inducing fatal cerebral hemorrhage. With the introduction of the differentiating agent all-trans retinioc acid (ATRA) APL has changed to the best curable subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). With ATRA and chemotherapy approximately 70-80% of patients with newly diagnosed APL achieve long-term remission and are probably cured. PML/RARalpha, the molecular fusion transcript of the specific translocation t(15;17) represents not only the target for ATRA but also permits a precise diagnosis and provides a marker for the identification of minimal residual or recurrent disease (MRD). During the last decade, substantial progress has been made with regard to the recognition of prognostic factors and the optimization of the combination of ATRA and chemotherapy. Remaining questions are the role of arsenic and of ara-C in first line therapy of APL as well as the indication of maintenance therapy in the individual patient. Several treatment options exist for patients with APL who have relapsed after ATRA and chemotherapy. Approximately 50% of the patients in first relapse can achieve long-lasting second remission and might be cured with salvage regimens. Currently, arsenic compounds and transplantation procedures seem to be the most promising options in relapsed disease. The role of CD33 antibodies has to be determined in future studies. Refining the molecular monitoring of MRD by quantitative RT-PCR, better elucidation of the biologic mechanisms, and the identification of prognostic factors might be helpful to make further progress in the treatment of APL.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Arsenic Trioxide; Arsenicals; Hemorrhage; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm, Residual; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Oxides; Prognosis; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Stem Cell Transplantation; Thrombosis; Translocation, Genetic; Transplantation, Homologous; Tretinoin

Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cytokines; Fibrinolysin; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Midkine; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Thrombosis; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tretinoin; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Cell Differentiation; Drug Resistance; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Neoplasm, Residual; Survival Analysis; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been historically characterized by a high rate of early hemorrhagic death, particularly from intracranial bleeding. The hemorrhagic complications have been attributed to a combination of intravascular thrombin generation, excessive fibrinolysis and/or proteolytic activities released from blast cells. Before the era of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the incidence of early fatal bleeding in recent series has ranged from 8 to 46%, and no anti-hemorrhagic treatment clearly appeared superior in abating this complication. This uncertainty is due to remain because of the lack of prospective studies. The increasing awareness of the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of APL and the larger availability of supportive therapy has largely contributed to lessen the incidence of fatal bleeding, which can be reliably estimated around 10% in major centers. Groups pioneering the use of ATRA have reported a rapid improvement of the coagulopathy of APL, usually starting 48 h from the beginning of the treatment. However, the hemostatic changes during ATRA have been monitored only in a few patients and recent results suggest that hyperfibrinolysis/proteolysis is rapidly corrected by ATRA, whereas thrombin generation may persist longer. Moreover, although significantly less frequent, fatal bleeding may occur during ATRA and thrombotic events have also been reported so that hemostatic death rate is also approximately 10% in patients treated with ATRA. The combination of chemotherapy plus ATRA administration during induction has been suggested as a useful means of controlling hyperleukocytosis, and this could contribute in abating this unacceptably high rate of early death. On the other side, chemotherapy can dramatically exacerbate clotting abnormalities leading to catastrophic clinical outcomes. Thus, more detailed studies of the coagulopathy of APL and its changes during treatment with ATRA, or ATRA combined with chemotherapy, are required in order to offer the most appropriate treatment to these patients still at risk of severe bleeding and thrombotic complications.

Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Blood Coagulation; Hemorrhage; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Syndrome; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Topics: Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised.

Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Apolipoproteins E; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arsenic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; ATP-Dependent Proteases; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australia; Austria; Autophagy; Axitinib; Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Benzoxazoles; Benzylamines; beta Catenin; Betacoronavirus; Betula; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Birth Weight; Blindness; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Borates; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Brain Neoplasms; Breakfast; Breast Milk Expression; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchi; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Buffaloes; Cadherins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium Compounds; Calcium, Dietary; Cannula; Caprolactam; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carboplatin; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carps; Carrageenan; Case-Control Studies; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Adhesion; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cell Phone Use; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Chemical Phenomena; Chemoradiotherapy; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; China; Chitosan; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, Liquid; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Circular Dichroism; Cisplatin; Citric Acid; Clinical Competence; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Coculture Techniques; Cohort Studies; Cold Temperature; Colitis; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Collagen Type XI; Color; Connective Tissue Diseases; Copper; Coronary Angiography; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Cost of Illness; Counselors; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Cryosurgery; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Cultural Competency; Cultural Diversity; Curriculum; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cycloparaffins; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Cytoprotection; Databases, Factual; Denitrification; Deoxycytidine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Diatoms; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Exposure; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Diketopiperazines; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA Glycosylases; DNA Repair; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Viral; Docetaxel; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Doxorubicin; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Repositioning; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Edible Grain; Education, Graduate; Education, Medical, Graduate; Education, Pharmacy; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Electron Transport Complex III; Electron Transport Complex IV; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; 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Forced Expiratory Volume; Forests; Fractures, Bone; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Fusobacteria; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Gamma Rays; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Gefitinib; Gels; Gemcitabine; Gene Amplification; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genotype; Germany; Glioma; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucagon; Glucocorticoids; Glycemic Control; Glycerol; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Glycolipids; Glycolysis; Goblet Cells; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Graphite; Greenhouse Effect; Guanidines; Haemophilus influenzae; HCT116 Cells; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Status Disparities; Healthy Volunteers; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Heart Transplantation; Heart-Assist Devices; HEK293 Cells; Heme; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hemolysis; Hemorrhage; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hexoses; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Histamine; Histamine Agonists; Histidine; Histone Deacetylase 2; HIV Infections; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Homebound Persons; Homeodomain Proteins; Homosexuality, Male; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypoxia; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Imatinib Mesylate; Immunotherapy; Implementation Science; Incidence; INDEL Mutation; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Industrial Waste; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; 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Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell; Lysosomes; Macrophages; Male; Manganese Compounds; MAP Kinase Kinase 4; Mass Screening; Maternal Health; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Melanoma, Experimental; Memantine; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Metal Nanoparticles; Metalloendopeptidases; Metalloporphyrins; Methadone; Methane; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mexico; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Mice, SCID; Mice, Transgenic; Microarray Analysis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; Micronutrients; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Confocal; Microsomes, Liver; Middle Aged; Milk; Milk, Human; Minority Groups; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Membranes; Mitochondrial Proteins; Models, Animal; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Molecular Epidemiology; 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YAP-Signaling Proteins; Yogurt; Young Adult; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins; Ziziphus

Although the occurrence of thrombosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been reported during retinoic acid treatment, no studies carried out in large clinical cohorts have specifically addressed this issue. We analyzed 124 APL patients treated with the all-trans retinoic acid and idarubicin protocol and compared clinico-biologic characteristics of 11 patients who developed thrombosis with those of 113 patients who had no thrombosis. In seven patients, the events were recorded during induction, whereas in four patients deep vein thrombosis occurred in the post-induction phase. Comparison of clinico-biological characteristics of patients with and without thrombosis revealed in the former group higher median white blood cell (WBC) count (17 x 10(9)/l, range 1.2-56, P=0.002), prevalence of the bcr3 transcript type (72 vs 48%, P=0.01), of FLT3-ITD (64 vs 28%, P=0.02), CD2 (P=0.0001) and CD15 (P=0.01) expression. No correlation was found with sex, age, French-American-British subtype, all-trans-retinoic acid syndrome or with thrombophilic state that was investigated in 5/11 patients. Our findings suggest that, in APL patients consistent biologic features of leukemia cells may predict increased risk of developing thrombosis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; CD2 Antigens; Female; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3; Humans; Idarubicin; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors; Tandem Repeat Sequences; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and/or fibrinolysis is present in the majority of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Historically, early hemorrhagic death (EHD) occurred in 10% to 30% of patients treated with chemotherapy. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a differentiating agent, has a CR rate above 80% in patients, with ATRA-associated leukocytosis. We studied thrombotic events in this population and compared it to patients treated with chemotherapy alone. The results of studies using ATRA in patients with APL were reviewed. Patients received ATRA 45-50 mg/m(2) orally in two divided doses daily until complete remission. In newly diagnosed patients, Idarubicin 12 mg/m(2)/day was given intravenously for 4 to 5 days beginning on the fifth day of ATRA therapy or when the white blood cell count (WBC) was over 10x 10(3)/mu l. Thrombotic complications were noted in 3 of 31 patients during induction. Two died from thrombotic events during therapy with multiple thromboses documented at autopsy. ATRA syndrome was suspected in 2 of the patients with thromboses and only 1 of the patients without thrombosis. In previous studies, 1 of 25 APL patients treated with chemotherapy alone had thrombotic events during therapy. In conclusion, treatment of APL with ATRA may decrease the incidence of hemorrhagic complications, but does not eliminate thrombosis. While thrombotic events were not significantly increased in patients treated with ATRA, they were more common in patients suspected of having ATRA syndrome.

Topics: Adult; Amsacrine; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cohort Studies; Cytarabine; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Fatal Outcome; Female; Germinoma; Hemorrhage; Humans; Idarubicin; Incidence; Infarction; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Leukocytosis; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Spleen; Thrombosis; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin

Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Cell Differentiation; Drug Resistance; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Neoplasm, Residual; Survival Analysis; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carotid Artery Thrombosis; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mice; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Polymers; Prodrugs; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is associated with excellent long-term outcomes. However, early mortality due to coagulopathy remains a challenge. In this study we examined the bleeding and thrombotic manifestations, as well as incidence of Early Death secondary to thrombosis/hemorrhage (ED-TH) in patients with APL. Early death (ED) was defined as death occurring within 30 days of induction therapy. Two-hundred forty-eight patients were included in the study. Overall, 57 patients had evidence of a major bleed/thrombosis at presentation or during induction therapy, including 44 patients with a major bleed, 8 patients with thrombosis and 5 patients with both evidence of thrombosis and a major bleed. Forty patients (16.1%) had ED, of which 21 had ED-TH. The cumulative incidence of death due to thrombo-hemorrhagic complications at 30 days was 8.4%. On univariate analysis, increasing Prothrombin time (PT)(p-<0.001), white blood cell count (p < 0.001) and activated Partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (p < 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with increased risk of ED-TH. However, on multivariate analysis, only increasing PT (p-0.025) and aPTT (p-0.041) were significantly associated with increased risk of ED-TH.

Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Arsenic Trioxide; Hemorrhage; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) differs from other forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including coagulopathy, hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and treatment success with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Despite ATRA, early deaths (ED) are still common in APL. Here, we evaluated factors associated with ED and applicability of scoring systems used to diagnose DIC. Ninety-one APL patients (55 females, 36 males, and median age 40 years) were included. ED was defined as deaths attributable to any cause between day of diagnosis and following 30th day. DIC was assessed based on DIC scoring system released by the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) and Chinese Diagnostic Scoring System (CDSS). Patients' median follow-up time was 49.2 months, and ED developed in 14 (15.4% of) cases. Patients succumbing to ED had higher levels of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ISTH DIC, and lower fibrinogen levels (p <0.05). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age >55 and ECOG PS ≥2 rates were revealed to be associated with ED. Based on ISTH and CDSS scores, DIC was reported in 47.3 and 58.2% of the patients, respectively. Despite advances in APL, ED is still a major obstacle. Besides the prompt recognition and correction of coagulopathy, those at high ED risk are recommended to be detected rapidly. Implementation of local treatment plans and creating awareness should be achieved in hematological centers. Common utilization of ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO) may be beneficial to overcome ED and coagulopathy in APL patients.

Topics: Adult; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Thrombosis; Tretinoin; Venous Thrombosis

Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clot Retraction; Collagen; Cytoskeleton; Hemostasis; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phosphorylation; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Function Tests; Protein Kinase C beta; Protein Kinase C-delta; Signal Transduction; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

We report the case of a 6-year-old boy diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML-M3V) when he presented with pallor, abdominal pain, anorexia, and fatigue. Induction chemotherapy was started according to the AML-BFM 98 protocol along with Vesanoid (ATRA, All-trans retinoic acid). On the sixth day of induction, he developed splenic and gallbladder infarcts. Splenectomy and cholecystectomy were performed while chemotherapy induction continued as scheduled. Four days later, he developed ischemic areas in the kidneys and ischemic colitis in the sigmoid colon. Hypercoagulation studies showed severe deficiency of protein C. Tests showed protein C 16% (reference range 70-140%), protein S 87% (reference range 70-140%), antithrombin III 122% (reference range 80-120%), prothrombin time 13.6 s (reference = 11.3), INR (international normalized ratio) 1.21, partial thromboplastin time 33 s (reference = 33), fibrinogen 214 mg/dl, D-dimer 970 μg/ml, factor II 98%, and that antinuclear antibody, antiphospholipid antibodies, mutation for factor II gene (G20210A), and mutation for Arg506 Gln of factor V were all negative (factor V Leiden). There was no evidence of clinical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). He was treated with low molecular weight heparin and did well. He continues to be in complete remission 7 years later with normal protein C levels. Acquired protein C deficiency can occur in a variety of settings and has been reported in acute myelocytic leukemia. However, clinically significant thrombosis in the absence of clinical DIC, such as our case, remains extremely rare.

Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Child; Cholecystectomy; Cytarabine; Etoposide; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fibrinogen; Gallbladder; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Idarubicin; Infarction; Kidney; Lebanon; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Protein C; Protein C Deficiency; Remission Induction; Splenectomy; Splenic Infarction; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Topics: Adult; Anthracyclines; Anticoagulants; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chest Pain; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Heparin; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myocardial Infarction; Neutropenia; Remission Induction; Stroke Volume; Thrombosis; Tretinoin; Ultrasonography

Thrombosis of the cerebral veins or sinuses is a rare cerebrovascular disorder, which seldom represents a complication of acute promyelocytic leukemia. To the best of our knowledge, it never occurred during treatment with all-trans retinoic acid. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman affected by acute promyelocytic leukemia, who developed massive thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses and veins when she was in complete morphological and molecular remission after all-trans retinoic acid and idarubicin treatment. Anticoagulant therapy contributed to progressive dissolution of the thrombosis as documented by magnetic resonance imaging with complete disappearance of neurological signs without sequelae.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Female; Humans; Idarubicin; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Despite successful treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy, life-threatening bleeding remains a challenging complication of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Indeed, bleeding and thrombosis are major complications of APL that lead to early death in approximately 10% of patients despite the success of current treatment. This condition may be attributed, in part, to the diffuse activation of coagulation, hyperfibrinolysis, and non-specific proteolytic activity that is observed in patients with APL. Therapeutic agents that induce the differentiation of leukemia cells improve outcomes compared with those observed using chemotherapy alone. They also correct the hyperactivity of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, thereby reducing early death from bleeding. Prophylactic therapy with newer anticoagulants may prove beneficial in patients with APL, but this must be confirmed in well-designed, randomized, controlled trials. A workshop was convened 21 January 2004 in London, England, to discuss the clinical and biological aspects of the APL-associated coagulopathy and the application of recent findings to the management of patients with APL. Eight speakers participated in the workshop. This meeting report provides synopses of their presentations and a summary of highlights from the meeting.

Topics: Anticoagulants; Antineoplastic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fibrinolysis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Humans; Kidney Cortex; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Necrosis; Renal Artery; Thrombosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tranexamic Acid; Tretinoin

Localized large vessel thrombosis in acute leukaemia is rare, haemorrhagic complications being more common.. We present a patient with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) presenting with an acutely ischaemic lower limb. Large vessel thrombosis is a rare presentation of APL. We reviewed the literature on the coagulopathy of APL and discuss the pathology and current treatment options.. Disordered haemostasis is typical of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (FAB M3) and relates to the intrinsic properties of the blast cells as well as thrombocytopenia from bone marrow involvement. Expression of procoagulants, stimulation of cytokines and alterations in endothelial cell anticoagulant properties initiate a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) resulting in the typical clinical and laboratory findings in APL. The promyelocytes are characterized by the balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation in these cells, revolutionizing the treatment of APL.. Unexpected limb ischaemia in a young, apparently healthy patient might be the presenting symptom of an underlying haematological disorder such as APL. A thorough haematological investigation should be performed prior to contemplating surgery. New treatment strategies based on knowledge of the molecular biology of APL has improved the prognosis of patients suffering from APL.

Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Cytarabine; Daunorubicin; Female; Gangrene; Humans; Intermittent Claudication; Ischemia; Leg; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Popliteal Artery; Remission Induction; Smoking; Thioguanine; Thrombophilia; Thromboplastin; Thrombosis; Toes; Tretinoin

Topics: Endothelium, Vascular; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Humans; Neoplasms; Thrombosis; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin

Topics: Adult; Female; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is often associated with a severe hemostatic disorder, caused by the release of procoagulant and fibrinolytic substances from leukemic blasts. The coagulation profile may exhibit disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis or proteolysis. Therefore, heparin and antifibrinolytic agents alone or in combination have been used to prevent severe bleedings. Remission induction with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is accompanied with rapid correction of hemostatic abnormalities. Thrombosis is a rare complication of APL and may be due to the alterations in hemostasis caused by the disease itself as well as ATRA and antifibrinolytics. Here, the occurrence of thrombosis during induction treatment with ATRA combined with aprotinin and chemotherapy is described in a patient who is homozygous for factor VQ 506 mutation.

Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Aprotinin; Factor V; Family Health; Homozygote; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Point Mutation; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Topics: Adult; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Contraindications; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Thrombosis; Tranexamic Acid; Tretinoin

The antiplatelet activity of methyl allyltrisulfide (MATS), a component commonly present in steam-distilled garlic oil, has been demonstrated by the authors. MATS inhibits arachidonic acid cascade at the reaction site with PGH synthase. However, this enzyme catalyzes two successive reactions, from arachidonic acid to PGG2, and from PGG2 to PGH2. The present study revealed that MATS inhibited the latter reaction. In addition, our recent findings that to a promyelocytic leukemia cell HL60, Allium oils shows marked anti-neoplastic effects representing both growth suppression and differentiation activities are described. The garlic oil and onion oil showed almost equal ability in inducing the proliferation, which measured either by nitroblue-tetrazolium reducing activity assay or by flow cytometry for detecting CD11b expression. The combination use of one of these oils with all-trans retinoic acid or with dimethyl sulfoxide lead to the marked differentiation of the cells, and their effects were estimated to be synergistic.

Topics: Allium; Allyl Compounds; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Arachidonic Acid; Blood Platelets; Cell Survival; Fibrinolytic Agents; Garlic; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Microcirculation; Plants, Medicinal; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Rats; Splanchnic Circulation; Sulfides; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

A case of acute renal failure, due to occlusion of renal vessels in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and tranexamic acid has been described recently. We report a case of acute renal failure in an APL patient treated with ATRA alone. This case further supports the concern about thromboembolic complications associated with ATRA therapy in APL patients. The patients, a 43-year-old man, presented all the signs and symptoms of APL and was included in a treatment protocol with ATRA. After 10 days of treatment, he developed acute renal failure that was completely reversible after complete remission of APL was achieved and therapy discontinued. We conclude that ATRA is a valid therapeutic choice for patients with APL, although the procoagulant tendency is not completely corrected. Thrombotic events, however, could be avoided by using low-dose heparin.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Anticoagulants; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Coagulation Factors; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Fibrinolysis; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Kidney Glomerulus; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Topics: Adult; Hepatic Veins; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Agents that downregulate the induction of monocyte/macrophage tissue factor (TF) activity may attenuate the thrombotic risk associated with mechanical restoration of vessel patency or artificial arterial grafting. In such events, procoagulant macrophages in the atherosclerotic plaque and procoagulant monocytes adherent to artificial materials may be exposed to the blood stream. Ishii et al (Blood 80:2556, 1992) reported that induction of endothelial TF is downregulated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and Conese et al (Thromb Haemost 66:662, 1991) reported that retinoids downregulate monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA). These findings led us to investigate the effect of ATRA on monocyte TF expression, and to study the effect of ATRA on monocyte-induced thrombus formation in a model system of human arterial thrombogenesis. Induction of PCA in human peripheral blood monocytes by 0.5 microgram/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was dose dependently reduced by ATRA, reaching a reduction of 56% at 10(-5) mol/L ATRA (P < .0001). A 38% reduction (P < .0007) in LPS-induced TF antigen expression was observed at an ATRA concentration of 10(-6) mol/L. Adherence of monocytes to plastic cover slips (Thermanox, Miles Laboratories, Naperville, IL) also triggered induction of cellular PCA, which was inhibited by more than 80% by an anti-TF monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (P < .002). Inclusion of ATRA (10(-6) mol/L) reduced this PCA by 40% (P < .03), and the TF antigen expression by 30% (P < .0001). Exposure of Thermanox adherent monocytes to flowing nonanticoagulated human blood in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber device at an arterial wall shear rate of 650 s-1 elicited significant fibrin deposition and platelet thrombus formation. Partial interruption of this thrombus formation was achieved by 10(-6) mol/L ATRA, which reduced the fibrin deposition by 80% (P < .02) and platelet thrombus formation by 50% (P < .05). In comparison, incubation of adherent monocytes with the anti-TF MoAb before the blood exposure, reduced the fibrin deposition by 83% (P < .02) and platelet thrombus volume by 75% (P < .0008). Thus, ATRA is an effective down-regulator of monocyte TF-PCA, and may reduce thrombotic complications at sites of plaque rupture, at plaque disruption after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedures, or on surfaces introduced by artificial arterial grafting.

Topics: Blood Platelets; Cells, Cultured; Factor VIIa; Fibrin; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Monocytes; Thromboplastin; Thrombosis; Tretinoin

Topics: Adult; Heparin; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Leukocytosis; Male; Thrombophlebitis; Thrombosis; Tretinoin