brusatol profile

Brusatol is a natural product isolated from the root bark of the Chinese medicinal plant Brucea javanica. It has shown potent anti-cancer activity against various cancer cell lines, including leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer. The compound's mechanism of action involves inhibiting the activity of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), a key protein involved in the initiation of protein synthesis. This inhibition leads to the suppression of cancer cell growth and proliferation. Brusatol has also been found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition to its anti-cancer properties, Brusatol has also been investigated for its potential to treat other diseases such as viral infections and parasitic infections. However, the compound's toxicity and its potential for drug resistance have limited its clinical application. Despite these challenges, Brusatol remains a promising lead compound for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. The compound's unique mechanism of action and its potential for overcoming drug resistance have made it a subject of extensive research. Current studies aim to optimize Brusatol's pharmacological properties and reduce its toxicity to develop a safe and effective therapeutic agent.'

brusatol: quassinoid from B. javanica; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	73432
CHEMBL ID	459546
CHEBI ID	3197
SCHEMBL ID	1276480
MeSH ID	M0073784
PubMed CID	299645
CHEMBL ID	1702665
MeSH ID	M0073784

Synonym
nsc 172924
yatansin
methyl 13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-15-((3-methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl)oxy)-2,16-dioxopicras-3-en-21-oate (11beta,12alpha,15beta)-
2h-3,11c-beta-(epoxymethano)phenanthro(10,1-bc)pyran-3-alpha(3a-beta-h)-carboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6a-beta,7,7a-alpha,10,11,11a,11b-alpha-decahydro-8,11a-beta-dimethyl-5,10-dioxo-1-beta,2-alpha,4-beta,9-tetrahydroxy-, methyl ester, 4-(3-methylcrotonate)
picras-3-en-21-oic acid, 13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-15-((3-methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl)oxy)-2,16-dioxo-, methyl ester, (11beta,12alpha,15beta)-
(11beta,12alpha,15beta)-13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-15-((3-methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl)oxy)-2,16-dioxopicras-3-en-21-oic acid, methyl ester
C08754
brusatol
AKOS016013415
SCHEMBL1276480
CHEBI:3197 ,
picras-3-en-21-oicacid,13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-15-[(3-methyl-1-oxo-2-buten-1-yl)oxy]-2,16-dioxo-,methyl ester, (11b,12a,15b)-
DTXSID70164163
mfcd01746220
brusatol, >=95% (hplc)
methyl trihydroxy-dimethyl-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-dioxo-[?]carboxylate
(+)-brusatol
Q27105985
BCP15272
HY-19543
CS-W019658
methyl (1r,2s,3r,6r,8r,13s,14r,15r,16s,17s)-10,15,16-trihydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-4,11-dioxo-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-ene-17-carboxylate
(1r,2s,3s,3as,3a1r,4r,6ar,7ar,11as,11br)-methyl 1,2,9-trihydroxy-8,11a-dimethyl-4-((3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxy)-5,10-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6a,7,7a,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydro-1h-3,3a1-(epoxymethano)dibenzo[de,g]chromene-3-carboxylate
AS-55977
CHEMBL459546 ,
bdbm50535743
(1r,2s,3s,3as,3a1r,4r,6ar,7ar,11as,11br)-methyl1,2,9-trihydroxy-8,11a-dimethyl-4-((3-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxy)-5,10-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6a,7,7a,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydro-1h-3,3a1-(epoxymethano)dibenzo[de,g]chromene-3-carboxylate
GLXC-16649
picras-3-en-21-oic acid, 13,20-epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-15-[(3-methyl-1-oxo-2-buten-1-yl)oxy]-2,16-dioxo-, methyl ester, (11beta,12alpha,15beta)-
crotonic acid, 3-methyl-, 4-ester with methyl 1,4,5,6abeta,7,7aalpha,10,11,11a,11balpha-decahydro-1beta,2alpha,4beta,9-tetrahydroxy-8,11abeta-dimethyl-5,10-dioxo-2h-3,11cbeta-(epoxymethano)phenanthro[10,1-bc]pyran-3alpha(3abetah)-carboxylate
2h-3,11cbeta-(epoxymethano)phenanthro[10,1-bc]pyran-3alpha(3abetah)-carboxylic acid, 1,4,5,6abeta,7,7aalpha,10,11,11a,11balpha-decahydro-1beta,2alpha,4beta,9-tetrahydroxy-8,11abeta-dimethyl-5,10-dioxo-, methyl ester, 4-(3-methylcrotonate)
3ATY6SZ64B
smr001565631
NSC172924 ,
mls002702060 ,
nsc-172924
14907-98-3
NCI60_001399
bdbm93927
cid_299645
CHEMBL1702665
FT-0697720
methyl (1r,2s,3r,6r,8r,13s,14r,15r,16s,17s)-10,15,16-trihydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-4,11-dioxo-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.0^{1,6.0^{2,17.0^{8,13]nonadec-9-ene-17-carboxylate
methyl 10,15,16-trihydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-4,11-dioxo-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadec-9-ene-17-carboxylate

Research Excerpts

Overview

Brusatol (BRU) is an important compound extracted from Brucea javanica oil. Its pharmacological effects are able to induce a series of biological effects, including inhibition of tumor cell growth, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor. Brusatol is a natural quassinoid that shows a potential therapeutic use in cancer models.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Brusatol (BRU) is an important compound extracted from Brucea javanica oil, whose pharmacological effects are able to induce a series of biological effects, including inhibition of tumor cell growth, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor. "	( Brusatol Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Targeting and Reversing the RhoA/ROCK1 Pathway. Chen, DL; He, JM; He, S; Jiang, R; Li, J; Lu, RJ; Ran, JH; Sun, Y; Wu, MN; Xu, H; Zhao, GZ, 2022)	3.61
"Brusatol is a quassinoid extracted from the seeds of Brucea sumatrana and has been shown to have the potential to inhibit tumor metastasis and proliferation."	( Brusatol suppresses the growth of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by PI3K/Akt pathway. Bao, W; Chen, G; Chen, Z; He, B; Li, J; Li, L; Yu, H; Zhao, J; Zheng, J; Zhu, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Brusatol is an important compound derived from Brucea javanica that exerts a multitude of biological effects, including inhibiting tumor cell growth, reducing the reproduction of malaria parasites, reducing inflammation and resisting virus invasion."	( Inhibitory effects of brusatol delivered using glycosaminoglycan‑placental chondroitin sulfate A‑modified nanoparticles on the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Chen, J; Chen, X; Fan, X; Li, M; Sun, B; Wang, B; Xiao, T; Yang, J; Yin, T; Zhang, B, 2020)	1.59
"Brusatol is a butyrolactone compound isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Brucea javanica. "	( Brusatol reverses lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and induces apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/NF-кB pathway in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Cao, Y; Chen, H; Jiang, T; Li, Q; Su, J; Wang, X, 2021)	3.51
"Brusatol is a natural quassinoid that shows a potential therapeutic use in cancer models by the inhibition of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and is capable of inducing a variety of biological effects. "	( The toxic effects and possible mechanisms of Brusatol on mouse oocytes. Li, H; Lin, Y; Ma, R; Qiu, X; Xie, M; Yao, B; Zhang, Y, 2017)	2.16
"Brusatol (BR) is a potent inhibitor of Nrf2, a transcription factor that is highly expressed in cancer tissues and confers chemoresistance. "	( UVA Irradiation Enhances Brusatol-Mediated Inhibition of Melanoma Growth by Downregulation of the Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Response. Bartsch, JW; Bian, C; Guo, Y; Huang, X; Ji, P; Jiang, X; Li, W; Nisar, MF; Shi, G; Wang, M; Wu, Y; Zhong, JL, 2018)	2.23
"Brusatol is a unique inhibitor of the Nrf2 pathway, and in previous studies, we determined that brusatol exhibits the effects of growth inhibition and proapoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells."	( Brusatol Enhances the Chemotherapy Efficacy of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer via the Nrf2 Signalling Pathway. Chen, B; Chen, H; Deng, T; Huang, C; Lou, B; Shi, K; Xiang, Y; Ye, W; Yu, D; Zhang, F; Zhang, J; Zhou, M, 2018)	2.64
"Brusatol is a main bioactive component derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Brucea javanica, which is traditionally used for the treatment of dysentery (also known as ulcerative colitis, UC). "	( Brusatol ameliorates 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats: Involvement of NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Dou, Y; Gao, J; Huang, P; Huang, Y; Huang, Z; Lin, Z; Qu, C; Su, Z; Wang, T; Xie, Y; Zhou, J, 2018)	3.37
"Brusatol is a natural terpenoid that is capable of inducing a variety of biological effects. "	( Brusatol inhibits the response of cultured beta-cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Turpaev, K; Welsh, N, 2015)	3.3

Effects

Brusatol (Bru) has been reported to decrease Nrf2 protein expression specifically by ubiquitin degradation. Brusatol has dual anti-HCV and anticancer effects.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Brusatol (Bru) has been reported to decrease Nrf2 protein expression specifically by ubiquitin degradation of Nrf2."	( Inhibition of Nrf2-mediated glucose metabolism by brusatol synergistically sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to Ara-C. Cao, S; Chen, XP; Cheng, C; Jiang, ZP; Yuan, F; Zhang, W; Zhao, XL; Zhou, G; Zhou, HH, 2021)	1.6
"Brusatol has dual anti-HCV and anticancer effects and can enhance the comparable effects of sorafenib. "	( Dual effects of the Nrf2 inhibitor for inhibition of hepatitis C virus and hepatic cancer cells. Chu, PS; Ebinuma, H; Fukasawa, M; Ikeda, M; Kanai, T; Kato, N; Koda, Y; Murakami, Y; Nakamoto, N; Ojiro, K; Saito, H; Saito, K; Saito, Y; Sugiyama, K; Suzuki, T; Taniki, N; Teratani, T, 2018)	1.92

Actions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Brusatol may also inhibit invasion, migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)."	( Comprehensive anti-tumor effect of Brusatol through inhibition of cell viability and promotion of apoptosis caused by autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Dai, N; Guo, P; He, Q; Hong, Z; Xiang, Y; Ye, R; Zhang, Q, 2018)	1.48

Treatment

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Treatment with brusatol resulted in significant apoptosis in PC9 cells, as evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometric analysis."	( Apoptotic activities of brusatol in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: Involvement of ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway and inhibition of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. Chen, J; Ip, S; Lai, Z; Li, Q; Liao, H; Lin, Z; Su, Z; Wu, J; Xian, Y; Xie, J; Xie, Y; Yang, X; Zheng, X, 2021)	1.27

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These findings substantiate brusatol as a useful experimental tool for the inhibition of Nrf2 signaling and highlight the potential for therapeutic inhibition of Nrf2 to alter the risk of adverse events by reducing the capacity of nontarget cells to buffer against chemical and oxidative insults."	( Brusatol provokes a rapid and transient inhibition of Nrf2 signaling and sensitizes mammalian cells to chemical toxicity-implications for therapeutic targeting of Nrf2. Alghanem, AF; Bryan, HK; Copple, IM; Cross, MJ; Dunn, K; Edge, GT; Ellis, EC; Goldring, CE; Ingelman-Sundberg, M; Kitteringham, NR; Lai, ZQ; Lin, ZX; Malik, HZ; Olayanju, A; Park, BK; Sanderson, CM; Sison, RL; Wong, MW, 2015)	2.15

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Therefore, this paper focused on the pharmacokinetic metabolism and excretion of brusatol in rats using a simple and reproducible LC-MS/MS method."	( Pharmacokinetic, metabolic profiling and elimination of brusatol in rats. Chen, X; Guo, N; Guo, R; Wen, Q; Xu, X; Yuan, G, 2018)	0.95
"Bruceoside A, an abundant quassinoid glycoside in Fructus Bruceae, was chosen for the pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetic study on bruceoside A revealed the potential role of quassinoid glycosides for the anticancer properties of Fructus Bruceae. Che, CT; Duan, JA; Guo, J; Guo, S; Lin, ZX; Su, S; Xu, M; Xu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhao, M; Zhu, Z, 2019)	0.51

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The present study aimed to investigate the possible synergistic anticancer effects of CDDP combined with BR on CT‑26 cells, and to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of action."	( Synergistic antitumor effect of brusatol combined with cisplatin on colorectal cancer cells. Chen, HM; Chen, YL; Ip, SP; Lai, ZQ; Liao, HJ; Lin, ZX; Su, ZR; Xian, YF; Xie, JH, 2018)	0.76
" To conclude, the study provided a new insight on exploring Nrf2 inhibition in combination with HER2-targeted trastuzumab as a potential clinical treatment regimen in treating HER2-positive cancers."	( Nrf2 Inhibitor, Brusatol in Combination with Trastuzumab Exerts Synergistic Antitumor Activity in HER2-Positive Cancers by Inhibiting Nrf2/HO-1 and HER2-AKT/ERK1/2 Pathways. Guo, R; Ren, F; Tian, Z; Yang, Y, 2020)	0.9
" Data from experiments for 48 h showed that Bru, alone or in combination with 5-FU, is capable of causing an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in HT-29 cells compared to those of Erio alone or in combination with 5-FU."	( Potential cancer treatment effects of brusatol or eriodictyol combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer cell. Alper, M; Ardıl, B, 2022)	0.99

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that oral bioavailability was greatly improved by BR-SMEDDS as compared with aqueous suspension."	( Characterization of brusatol self-microemulsifying drug delivery system and its therapeutic effect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Huang, P; Huang, Y; Lai, Z; Lin, Z; Luo, D; Qu, C; Su, Z; Tan, L; Xie, J; Xie, Y; Zhou, J, 2017)	0.78

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" However, there are still problems, such as poor patient tolerance, large administration doses, high dosing frequency, and toxic side effects, necessitating the development of more efficient and less toxic treatment strategies."	( Natural Compounds, Optimal Combination of Brusatol and Polydatin Promote Anti-Tumor Effect in Breast Cancer by Targeting Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Afolabi, LO; Chen, L; Feng, X; Li, J; Zhang, J; Zhu, Y, 2023)	1.17

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
triterpenoid	Any terpenoid derived from a triterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C30 skeleton of the parent triterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1054	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	100.0000	0.5318	15.4358	37.6858	AID504845
67.9K protein	Vaccinia virus	Potency	16.6039	0.0001	8.4406	100.0000	AID720579; AID720580
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	89.1251	0.0060	26.1688	89.1251	AID540317
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0140	0.0041	9.9848	25.9290	AID504444; AID720524
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.2091	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296; AID624297
Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	0.5623	9.3985	25.1189	AID652106
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.9811	1.9953	25.5327	50.1187	AID624287
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0292	0.0292	1.7764	3.0000	AID1634200
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]	Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1)	IC50 (µMol)	9.4870	0.9460	4.7016	9.4870	AID720547
COUP transcription factor 2 isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0223	0.0223	3.7150	9.2060	AID720548
Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	IC50 (µMol)	42.7900	7.3900	21.5238	43.9000	AID624474; AID651563
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
PAX8	Homo sapiens (human)	AC50	0.2600	0.0488	5.4354	69.1700	AID687027
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
response to ischemia	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron projection development	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulation	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stress	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of innate immune response	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of embryonic development	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
aflatoxin catabolic process	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucose import	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ion	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stress	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ferroptosis	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
integrated stress response signaling	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERAD pathway	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to angiotensin	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of removal of superoxide radicals	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor recycling	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral lipid metabolic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane organization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behavior	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to iron(II) ion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phospholipase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate secretion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle exocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle priming	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule polymerization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor internalization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein destabilization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to magnesium ion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transporter activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monooxygenase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to type II interferon	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stress	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
SNARE complex assembly	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of exocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle endocytosis	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle transport	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptake	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine uptake	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulus	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assembly	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formation	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse organization	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasis	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucagon stimulus	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activity	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase D inhibitor activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
SNARE binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
actin binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase inhibitor activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
kinesin binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
histone binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activity	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
dynein complex binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cuprous ion binding	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein activity	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase activator activity	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
mediator complex	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane-bounded organelle	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-DNA complex	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membrane	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell cortex	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
inclusion body	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
growth cone	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Alpha-synuclein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (38)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1918735	Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of viral propagation preincubated for 1 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 24 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis	2022	Journal of natural products, 12-23, Volume: 85, Issue:12	Evaluating the
AID1697913	Stability of compound in mouse plasma assessed as parent compound remaining measured after 60 mins	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697912	Stability of compound in human plasma assessed as parent compound remaining measured after 60 mins	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697907	Inhibition of PI3Kgamma in human SUDHL-6 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability at 100 nM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1707243	Cytotoxicity against human Panc-1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by sulphorhodamine B assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1728770	Anti-necroptotic activity in human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of TNFalpha/SM-164/Z-VAD-fmk (TSZ)-induced necroptosis by measuring increase in cell viability at 10 uM measured after 12 hrs by celltiter-glo luminescent cell viability assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 212	Discovery of bardoxolone derivatives as novel orally active necroptosis inhibitors.
AID1707246	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1697908	Inhibition of PI3Kgamma in human SUDHL-10 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability at 100 nM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697915	Stability in simulated intestinal fluid assessed as parent compound remaining measured after 4 hrs	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1634200	Inhibition of NRF2 in human MDA-MB-231 cells harboring ARE-GFP-Luc assessed as reduction in ARE-luciferase activity after 16 hrs by firefly luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16	Homoharringtonine stabilizes secondary structure of guanine-rich sequence existing in the 5'-untranslated region of Nrf2.
AID1707244	Antiproliferative activity against human SW1990 incubated for 72 hrs by sulphorhodamine B assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1697916	Toxicity in NOD/SCID mouse assessed as animal survival at 5 mg/kg, ip dosed 3 times per week and measured after 24 days of treatment	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697926	Toxicity in NOD/SCID mouse assessed as animal death rate at 5 mg/kg, ip dosed 3 times per week and measured after 24 days of treatment	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697911	Solubility of the compound in water	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697920	Inhibition of PI3Kgamma in human RPMI-8226 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability at 100 nM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1707171	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells incubated for 72 hrs by WST-1 assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1697914	Stability in simulated gastric fluid assessed as parent compound remaining measured after 4 hrs	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697909	Metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomes assessed as parent compound remaining incubated for 60 mins by MetID study analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697921	Inhibition of PI3Kgamma in human LCL-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability at 100 nM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697910	Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as parent compound remaining incubated for 60 mins by MetID study analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697918	Inhibition of PI3Kgamma in human Raji cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability at 100 nM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescence assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1707245	Cytotoxicity against human MCF-7 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones.
AID1697919	Inhibition of PI3Kgamma in human MOLT-4 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability at 100 nM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID1697917	Toxicity in NOD/SCID mouse assessed as animal survival at 10 mg/kg, ip dosed 3 times per week and measured after 24 days of treatment	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23	Identification of a 3-β-homoalanine conjugate of brusatol with reduced toxicity in mice.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	5 (5.49)	18.7374
1990's	2 (2.20)	18.2507
2000's	4 (4.40)	29.6817
2010's	35 (38.46)	24.3611
2020's	45 (49.45)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	3 (3.37%)	6.00%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	86 (96.63%)	84.16%
Other	5 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
melatonin [no description available]	2.21	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
berberine [no description available]	2.6	1	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	7.76	2	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
edaravone [no description available]	2.25	1	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.13	1	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.13	1	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.25	1	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.31	1	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
thymidine [no description available]	1.96	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.21	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2	1	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
cytarabine [no description available]	2.31	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.13	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.25	1	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.25	1	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
dicyanmethane malononitrile : A dinitrile that is methane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.13	1	aliphatic nitrile; dinitrile
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2	1	organic cation
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.69	2	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.25	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	7.17	1	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.17	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
helenalin helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure. helenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer).. NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA.	6.96	1	cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; sesquiterpene lactone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; plant metabolite
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	1.99	1	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.31	1	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	7.31	1	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	7.17	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
triptonide triptonide: extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii; structure given in first source. triptonide : A diterpene triepoxide that is triptobenzene K in which the acylhydroquinone moiety has undergone oxidation to the corresponding triepoxyketone derivative. It has been isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii.	2.25	1	butenolide; cyclic ketone; diterpene triepoxide; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
nagilactone c nagilactone C: norditerpene lactone isolated from leaves of Podocarpus; structure	2.25	1
echinocystic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	triterpenoid
canthin-6-one canthin-6-one: from Zanthoxylum usambarense; structure in first source. canthin-6-one : An indole alkaloid that is 6H-indolo[3,2,1-de][1,5]naphthyridine substituted by an oxo group at position 6.	2.41	1	enone; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimycobacterial drug; metabolite
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.6	1	proanthocyanidin
triptolide [no description available]	2.25	1	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
parthenolide [no description available]	2.25	1	germacranolide
obacunone obacunone: from bark of Chinese plant Phellodendron amurense; shortens sleeping time induced in mice by alpha-chloralose-urethane	2.25	1	limonoid
astragaloside a [no description available]	2.6	1
bruceine d bruceine D: from fructus of Brucea javanica (Chinese name Yadanzi). bruceine D : A quassinoid that is 13,20-epoxypicras-3-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 11, 12, 14 and 15 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 16. Isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem of Brucea mollis, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	1.99	1
chlorolissoclimide chlorolissoclimide: structure given in first source; a labdane cytotoxin isolated from Lissoclinum voeltzkowi Michaelson	2.25	1
m 8218 M 8218: structure given in first source	2.25	1
bruceine a bruceine A: quassinoid which inhibits protein synthesis & DNA synthesis in cells; RN given refers to (11 beta,12 alpha,15 beta)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.72	2	quassinoid
bruceine b bruceine B: quassinoid which inhibits protein synthesis & DNA synthesis in cells; structure in first source	2.25	1	triterpenoid
jolkinolide a jolkinolide A: isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana	2.25	1	diterpene lactone	metabolite
jolkinolide b jolkinolide B: isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana	2.25	1	diterpene lactone	metabolite
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.41	1	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
limonin [no description available]	2.25	1	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
sorafenib [no description available]	2.17	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.21	1	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
tripdiolide tripdiolide: structure	2.25	1	oxacycle
Bardoxolone [no description available]	2.31	1	cyclohexenones
bardoxolone methyl methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first source	2.31	1	cyclohexenones
alpha-aminobutyric acid alpha-aminobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-aminobutyric acid : An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid : An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration.	2.25	1	alpha-aminobutyric acid; D-alpha-amino acid
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	7.41	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
glaucarubolone glaucarubolone: a quassinoid which inhibits protein synthesis & DNA synthesis in cells; structure in first source	2	1	triterpenoid
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.35	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.25	1	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
dimethyl fumarate [no description available]	2.31	1	diester; enoate ester; methyl ester	antipsoriatic; immunomodulator
glycosides [no description available]	2.21	1
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	1.96	1
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.25	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.25	1	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	7.17	1	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
bruceantin [no description available]	8.09	5	triterpenoid
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	3.35	1	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2.6	1	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
andrographolide [no description available]	2.72	2	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
shihulimonin a shihulimonin A: isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa; structure in first source	2.25	1	limonoid
beta-carboline-1-propionic acid [no description available]	2.41	1	harmala alkaloid
dichapetalin a dichapetalin A: isolated from Dichapetalum; structure in first source	2.25	1
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.25	1
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	2.31	1	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
beta-escin [no description available]	2.55	2
17-hydroxyjolkinolide b 17-hydroxyjolkinolide B: isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana	2.25	1	diterpene lactone	metabolite
9-methoxycanthin-6-one 9-methoxycanthin-6-one: from roots of Eurycoma longifolia (Simaroubaceae). 9-methoxycanthin-6-one : An indole alkaloid that is the 9-methoxy derivative of canthin-6-one. Isolated from Eurycoma longifolia and Simaba multiflora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines.	2.41	1	aromatic ether; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; metabolite
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.25	1
1-(2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oyl) imidazole [no description available]	2.31	1
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	2.31	1	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
9-hydroxycanthin-6-one 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one: from Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae), induces penile erection and delays ejaculation. 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one : An indole alkaloid that is canthin-6-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9. Isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.41	1
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.1	1
dichlorolissoclimide dichlorolissoclimide: structure given in first source; a labdane cytotoxin isolated from Lissoclinum voeltzkowi Michaelson	2.25	1
at 13387 (2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)methanone: structure in first source. onalespib : A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole in which the amino group has been acylated by a 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl group and in which position 5 of the isoidole moiety has been substituted by a (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl group. A second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor.	2.31	1	benzamides; isoindoles; N-alkylpiperazine; resorcinols; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; Hsp90 inhibitor
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.84	3
2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid ethyl amide 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid ethyl amide: synthetic potential anticarcinogenic	2.31	1
14-o-phosphonooxymethyltriptolide 14-O-phosphonooxymethyltriptolide disodium salt: pro-drug of triptolide; has antineoplastic activity	2.25	1
eurycomanone [no description available]	2.41	1	cyclic ether; delta-lactone; enone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; pentol; quassinoid; secondary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alcohol	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
bruceoside a bruceoside A: quassinoid from B javanica; structure	7.91	4
rta 408 omaveloxolone: has both anti-inflammatory and radiation protective activities	2.31	1
glaucarubin Glaucarubin: (1 beta,2 alpha,11 beta,12 alpha,15 beta(S))-11,20-Epoxy-1,2,11,12-tetrahydroxy-15-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)picras-3-en-16-one. A quassinoid (Simaroubolide) from Simaruba glauca, a tropical shrub. It has been used as an antiamebic agent and is found to be cytotoxic. It may be of use in cancer chemotherapy.	3.35	7
s 8932 [no description available]	2.41	1	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2.25	1
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.87	4

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	2.31	1
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.31	1
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	2.31	1
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.31	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	5.91	7
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	5.91	7
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	4.02	9
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	4.02	9
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	4.02	9
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	3.29	5
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	4.19	5
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	3.29	5
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	4.19	5
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.41	1
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.41	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.41	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.41	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.61	2
Neoplastic Processes The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity.	2.41	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.61	2
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.36	5
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.36	5
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.41	1
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	2.41	1
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	2.41	1
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	7.41	1
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.	2.41	1
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	2.61	2
Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.	7.41	1
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	2.61	2
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.76	2
Metastase [description not available]	2.82	2
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.82	2
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.61	6
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.6	1
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	3.61	6
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.05	4
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.05	4
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.69	2
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.69	2
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.82	2
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.82	2
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.6	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.6	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	2.21	1
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.21	1
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.21	1
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.21	1
Astheno Teratozoospermia [description not available]	2.25	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.25	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.25	1
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	7.25	1
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.25	1
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.25	1
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	2.25	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	2.25	1
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	2.25	1
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	2.25	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.25	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.14	4
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.25	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.25	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.25	1
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.25	1
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.25	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.31	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.31	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.87	3
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.87	3
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.87	3
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.87	3
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.31	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.31	1
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	2.31	1
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.31	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.31	1
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.31	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	2.31	1
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.31	1
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	2.31	1
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.31	1
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	2.31	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.31	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.63	2
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.31	1
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.31	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.57	2
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.57	2
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.15	1
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.15	1
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	2.17	1
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	2.17	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.17	1
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	2.21	1
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	7.21	1
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	2.1	1
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	2.1	1
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.13	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.13	1
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.01	1
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	2.01	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	1.96	1
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	1.96	1
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.36	2
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2	1

brusatol

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Overview

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Research Demand Index: 34.98

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brusatol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (44)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (13)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (125)

Molecular Functions (39)

Ceullar Components (30)

Bioassays (38)

Research

Studies (91)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 34.98

Study Types

Related Drugs (89)

Related Conditions (105)