| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation. | 7.41 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug |
thymidine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent |
hexanoic acid
hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
thiazoles
[no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene | |
precocene ii
precocene II: has antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antioxidant activities; from plants of genus Ageratum; an antiallotropin compound capable of inhibiting juvenile hormone biosynthesis | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | chromenes | precocenes |
ochratoxin b
ochratoxin B: structure given in first source. ochratoxin B : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid. Ochratoxin B differs from the more naturally abundant ochratoxin A in the absence of the dihydroisocoumarin chlorine atom. It has cytotoxic effects on kidney and liver cells in vitro but only minor effects in vivo, due to its rapid metabolism and excretion. It inhibits cell proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells at doses as low as 1 mug/ ml but lacks the genotoxic activity of ochratoxin A, even at higher concentrations. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | isochromanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine;
phenylalanine derivative | Aspergillus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite |
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
substance p
[no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent |
deoxynivalenol
deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination. | 7.17 | 64 | 0 | cyclic ketone;
enone;
primary alcohol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
trichothecene;
triol | mycotoxin |
moniliformin
moniliformin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with plant product, moniliformin | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | | |
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 4.83 | 9 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope;
mouse metabolite |
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent;
dye |
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen | micronutrient |
acetyldeoxynivalenol
[no description available] | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | trichothecene | |
t-2 tetraol
T-2 tetraol: RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta,8alpha)-isomer | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | | |
o-methylsterigmatocystin
[no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | sterigmatocystins | |
trichodiene
trichodiene: precursor of trichothecin; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer; structure | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | sesquiterpene | |
deepoxy-deoxynivalenol
deepoxy-deoxynivalenol: metabolite of deoxynivalenol | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
enniatin b
enniatins: cyclohexadepsipeptides containing valine, isoleucine & valeric acid from Fusarian; form complexes with cations & cellular membranes; there are at least three different enniatins H, B & C; minor descriptor (76-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PEPTIDES, CYCLIC (76-86); see also record for enniatin D, E, F. enniatin B : An enniatin obtained from formal cyclocondensation of three N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl]-N-methyl-L-valine units. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | enniatin | antimicrobial agent |
fungitetraose
nistose: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oligosaccharide | |
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone | carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite |
nsc 141537
diacetoxyscirpenol: mycotoxin belonging to 12,13-epoxytrichothecene group; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; structure | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | trichothecene | |
15-acetoxyscirpen-3,4-diol
15-acetoxyscirpen-3,4-diol: hydrolysis product of anguidine | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | trichothecene | |
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid | |
1-kestose
1-kestose: sugar found in vegetables; structure given in first source. 1-kestose : A trisaccharide found in vegetables consisting of beta-D-fructofuranose having beta-D-fructofuranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at the 1- and 2-positions respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trisaccharide | |
nivalenol
nivalenol: RN given refers to 3alpha,4beta,7alpha-isomer | 5.71 | 24 | 0 | trichothecene | |
ochratoxin a
ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum. | 2.93 | 3 | 0 | isochromanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine;
organochlorine compound;
phenylalanine derivative | Aspergillus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
mycotoxin;
nephrotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent |
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acyl-CoA | acyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite |
ergosterol
[no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols | fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
sesquiterpenes
[no description available] | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | | |
fumonisin b1
fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | diester;
fumonisin;
primary amino compound;
triol | carcinogenic agent;
metabolite |
zeranol
Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | macrolide | |
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | cobalt salt;
inorganic chloride | allergen;
calcium channel blocker;
sensitiser;
two-colour indicator |
sterigmatocystin
[no description available] | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | sterigmatocystins | metabolite |
zearalenone
Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species. | 3.75 | 10 | 0 | macrolide;
resorcinols | fungal metabolite;
mycoestrogen |
t-2 toxin
[no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
trichothecene | apoptosis inducer;
cardiotoxic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
fungal metabolite;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin |
alternariol
alternariol: structure. alternariol : A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | benzochromenone;
phenols | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin |
sambucinol
sambucinol: Fusarium culmorum metabolite; structure given | 7.9 | 4 | 0 | | |
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
zearalenol
zearalenol: RN given refers to (3S-(3R*,7S*,11E))-isomer | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | | |
muconomycin a
verrucarin A : A trichothecene antibiotic which incorporates a triester macrocyclic structure and an exocyclic methylene epoxide group. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
macrotriolide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
trichothecene | |
mevalonolactone
mevalonolactone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation; structure. mevalonolactone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-mevalonolactone and (S)-mevalonolactone. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one | fungal metabolite;
plant metabolite |
HT-2 toxin
[no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
trichothecene | apoptosis inducer;
fungal metabolite |
15-acetyldeoxynivalenol
15-acetyldeoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin that is deoxynivalenol acetylated on the oxygen at C-15. A skin and eye irritant, along with its 3-acetyl regioisomer and its parent deoxynivalenol it is considered among the most commonly and widely distributed cereal contaminants. | 7.08 | 57 | 0 | trichothecene | epitope;
mycotoxin |
neosolaniol
neosolaniol: RN given refers to (3 alpha,4 beta,8 alpha)-isomer | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | | |
aflatoxin g1
aflatoxin G1: RN given refers to (7aR-cis)-isomer & is from 9th CI Form Index | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | | |
isotrichodermin
isotrichodermin: involved in the biosynthesis of Fusarium culmorum; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3alpha)-isomer | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | sesquiterpenoid | |
scirpentriol
scirpentriol: T-2 toxin metabolite in Curtobacterium; structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | | |
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | | |
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | | |
chlamydosporal
chlamydosporal: new metabolite from Fusarium chlamydosporum; structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | | |
deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside
deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside: a major conjugate of deoxynivalenol in beer and some brewing intermediates | 3.62 | 8 | 0 | trichothecene | |
peptide yy
peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
t-2 toxin
T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | | |
ht-2 toxin
HT-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | | |
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence. | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | | |
fusarenon-x
fusarenon-X: mycotoxin isolated from Fusarium nivale; belongs to 12,13-epoxytrichothecene group; structure | 3.97 | 12 | 0 | | |
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | | |