Stimulator of interferon genes protein

A transmembrane protein 173 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q86WV6]

Synonyms

hSTING;
Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator;
ERIS;
Mediator of IRF3 activation;
hMITA;
Transmembrane protein 173

Research

Bioassay Publications (14)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	3 (21.43)	24.3611
2020's	11 (78.57)	2.80

Compounds (6)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
vadimezan	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	94.5000	2	2
mangostin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	137.0000	1	1
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0036	2	2

Drugs with Activation Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
vadimezan	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	100.0000	6	6
mangostin	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	157.0000	1	1
cyclic diadenosine phosphate	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	3.2873	7	7
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	40.0283	6	6
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	2.2075	4	4
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	50.4309	12	12
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.7810	4	4
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	13.0984	15	15
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	9.1608	5	5

Enables

This protein enables 10 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
proton channel activity	molecular function	Enables the facilitated diffusion of a hydrogen ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. [GOC:mtg_transport, GOC:pr, ISBN:0815340729]
protein kinase binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. [GOC:jl]
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	molecular function	Binding to a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins. [GOC:vp]
cyclic-di-GMP binding	molecular function	Binding to cyclic-di-GMP, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate. [GOC:bf]
signaling adaptor activity	molecular function	The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules in a signaling pathway, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Adaptor molecules themselves do not have catalytic activity. [GOC:bf, PMID:19104498]
identical protein binding	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
protein homodimerization activity	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer. [GOC:jl]
2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding	molecular function	Binding to 2',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 2',5' and 3',5' linkages. [GOC:dph, PMID:23258412, PMID:23910378]
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	molecular function	Binding to a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. [GOC:dph, GOC:vw]

Located In

This protein is located in 14 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
Golgi membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah]
autophagosome membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered. [GOC:autophagy, GOC:isa_complete]
nucleoplasm	cellular component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
mitochondrial outer membrane	cellular component	The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. [GOC:ai]
endosome	cellular component	A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:19696797]
autophagosome	cellular component	A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy. [GOC:autophagy, ISBN:0198547684, PMID:11099404]
peroxisome	cellular component	A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. [GOC:pm, PMID:9302272, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576]
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. [GOC:mah]
secretory granule membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. [GOC:mah]
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:16723730]
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	cellular component	Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. [GOC:jid]

Active In

This protein is active in 4 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
Golgi membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah]
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:16723730]
autophagosome	cellular component	A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy. [GOC:autophagy, ISBN:0198547684, PMID:11099404]

Part Of

This protein is part of 2 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
serine/threonine protein kinase complex	cellular component	A protein complex which is capable of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. [GOC:bhm, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18191223]
STING complex	cellular component	A protein dimer containing two STING monomers. It binds cyclic purine di-nucleotides. Activation of the sting complex by 2',5'-3'-5'-cyclic GMP-AMP activates nuclear transcription factor kB (NF-kB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) which then induce transcription of the genes encoding type I IFN and cytokines active in the innate immune response. [GOC:bhm, PMID:22705373, PMID:23706668, PMID:23910378]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 24 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
autophagosome assembly	biological process	The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm. [GOC:autophagy, PMID:9412464]
activation of innate immune response	biological process	Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967, PMID:16177805]
pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells. [GOC:add, GOC:ar, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967]
positive regulation of defense response to virus by host	biological process	Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, ISBN:0781735149]
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand from another organism to a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species. [GOC:add, GOC:ar, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967, PMID:17328678, PMID:18272355, PMID:19531363, PMID:21187438]
positive regulation of macroautophagy	biological process	Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:9412464]
positive regulation of protein binding	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of type I interferon production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]
positive regulation of interferon-beta production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production. [GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]
cellular response to interferon-beta	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon. [GOC:sl]
innate immune response	biological process	Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:ebc, GOC:mtg_sensu]
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
regulation of inflammatory response	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. [GOC:ai]
protein complex oligomerization	biological process	The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. [GOC:ai, PMID:18293929]
defense response to virus	biological process	Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:dph]
reticulophagy	biological process	The selective autohagy process in which parts of the endoplasmic reticulum are loaded into autophagosomes, delivered to the vacuole, and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions. [GOC:autophagy, GOC:dph, PMID:22481944, PMID:24060720, PMID:26040717]
protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum	biological process	A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to organic cyclic compound	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. [GOC:mah]
antiviral innate immune response	biological process	A defense response against viruses mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. [PMID:31006531]
cGAS/STING signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a double-stranded DNA or RNA from another organism to cytosolic cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) that activates innate immune responses through production of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates the adaptor STING. [PMID:27648547, PMID:34261127, PMID:34261128]
proton transmembrane transport	biological process	The directed movement of a proton across a membrane. [GO_REF:0000069, GOC:pr, GOC:TermGenie]