Microtubule-associated protein tau

A microtubule-associated protein tau that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN]

Synonyms

Neurofibrillary tangle protein;
Paired helical filament-tau;
PHF-tau

Research

Bioassay Publications (12)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	10 (83.33)	24.3611
2020's	2 (16.67)	2.80

Compounds (18)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
gentian violet	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.4900	1	1
lansoprazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0025	1	1
3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.4050	2	2
aurin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10.0000	1	1
methylene blue	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	9.4250	4	4
tolonium chloride	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0690	1	1
tolonium chloride	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0690	1	1
azure a	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.8897	3	3
thionine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0690	1	1
epigallocatechin gallate	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.8000	1	1
azure b	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.0000	1	1
epicatechin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	200.0000	1	1
curcumin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	54.8750	4	4
gossypetin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.0000	1	1
myricetin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.1000	2	2
su 4312	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2615	1	1
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.2550	1	1
cnb 001	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	103.0000	1	1
hydrazinocurcumin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	34.0000	1	1

Drugs with Activation Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
methylene blue	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.3600	2	2

Drugs with Other Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
curcumin	Homo sapiens (human)	DC50	200.0000	1	1
cnb 001	Homo sapiens (human)	DC50	73.0000	1	1
hydrazinocurcumin	Homo sapiens (human)	DC50	17.0000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 24 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
DNA binding	molecular function	Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, GOC:vw]
minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to a DNA structure formed by the minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA regions. Examples of proteins having this function are AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-containing proteins. [GOC:jl, PMID:10545119, PMID:15802641, PMID:26223912, PMID:2670564]
double-stranded DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to double-stranded DNA. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw]
single-stranded DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to single-stranded DNA. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw, PMID:22976174]
RNA binding	molecular function	Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
actin binding	molecular function	Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments. [GOC:clt]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
microtubule binding	molecular function	Binding to a microtubule, a filament composed of tubulin monomers. [GOC:krc]
SH3 domain binding	molecular function	Binding to a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins. [GOC:go_curators, Pfam:PF00018]
enzyme binding	molecular function	Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. [GOC:jl]
protein kinase binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. [GOC:jl]
protein-macromolecule adaptor activity	molecular function	The binding activity of a protein that brings together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. The adaptor can bring together two proteins, or a protein and another macromolecule such as a lipid or a nucleic acid. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:vw]
apolipoprotein binding	molecular function	Binding to an apolipoprotein, the protein component of a lipoprotein complex. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]
dynactin binding	molecular function	Binding to a dynactin complex; a large protein complex that activates dynein-based motor activity. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
phosphatidylinositol binding	molecular function	Binding to an inositol-containing glycerophospholipid, i.e. phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11395417]
identical protein binding	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
sequence-specific DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. [GOC:jl]
protein-folding chaperone binding	molecular function	Binding to a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport. [PMID:10585443]
protein phosphatase 2A binding	molecular function	Binding to protein phosphatase 2A. [GOC:ai]
Hsp90 protein binding	molecular function	Binding to Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size. [GOC:ai]
lipoprotein particle binding	molecular function	Binding to a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
histone-dependent DNA binding	molecular function	DNA-binding activity that is dependent on binding to a histone. [PMID:11691835]
microtubule lateral binding	molecular function	Binding to the side of a microtubule. [GOC:dos]
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding	molecular function	Binding to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. [GO_REF:0000067, GOC:bhm, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18690034]

Located In

This protein is located in 23 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
extracellular region	cellular component	The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators]
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
mitochondrion	cellular component	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
microtubule cytoskeleton	cellular component	The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172]
nuclear speck	cellular component	A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. [http://www.cellnucleus.com/]
axon	cellular component	The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. [GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732]
dendrite	cellular component	A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732]
growth cone	cellular component	The migrating motile tip of a growing neuron projection, where actin accumulates, and the actin cytoskeleton is the most dynamic. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, ISBN:0815316194, PMID:10082468]
axolemma	cellular component	The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness. [http://www.medik.sk/clanky/bio_jun.htm, ISBN:0124325653]
nuclear periphery	cellular component	The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah]
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule	cellular component	A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:15121898]
somatodendritic compartment	cellular component	The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. [GOC:pad, GOC:PARL]
neuronal cell body	cellular component	The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. [GOC:go_curators]
dendritic spine	cellular component	A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity. [GOC:nln]
cell body	cellular component	The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. [GOC:go_curators]
main axon	cellular component	The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites. [NIF_Subcellular:sao1596975044]
membrane raft	cellular component	Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [PMID:16645198, PMID:20044567]
glial cell projection	cellular component	A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell. [GOC:mc]
neurofibrillary tangle	cellular component	Intracellular mass of paired, helically wound protein filaments (also called PHF) lying in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies and neuritic cell processes. Neurofibrillary tangles contain an abnormally phosphorylated form of a microtubule-associated protein, tau. The shape of these inclusions may resemble a flame or a star. [NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090201, NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090202, NIF_Subcellular:sao2409833926]
axon cytoplasm	cellular component	Any cytoplasm that is part of a axon. [GO_REF:0000064, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18667152]

Active In

This protein is active in 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
neuron projection	cellular component	A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. [GOC:jl, http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/]

Part Of

This protein is part of 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
tubulin complex	cellular component	A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly. [ISBN:0716731363]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 51 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
microtubule cytoskeleton organization	biological process	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. [GOC:mah]
microglial cell activation	biological process	The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:mgi_curators, PMID:10626665, PMID:10695728, PMID:12580336, PMID:9893949]
internal protein amino acid acetylation	biological process	The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein. [GOC:mah]
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process. [GOC:al, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, PMID:14744432, PMID:18328827, Wikipedia:Caspase]
DNA damage response	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. [GOC:go_curators]
cell-cell signaling	biological process	Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]
memory	biological process	The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). [GOC:curators, ISBN:0582227089]
response to lead ion	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus. [GOC:tair_curators, PMID:16461380]
negative regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
rRNA metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes. [ISBN:0198506732]
axonal transport of mitochondrion	biological process	The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons. [GOC:ai]
central nervous system neuron development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]
regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. [GOC:mah]
regulation of microtubule polymerization	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of microtubule polymerization	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. [GOC:mah]
cytoplasmic microtubule organization	biological process	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell. [GOC:mah]
neuron projection development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell. [GOC:mah]
regulation of chromosome organization	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. [GOC:mah]
negative regulation of kinase activity	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. [GOC:mah]
stress granule assembly	biological process	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule. [GOC:mah, PMID:17392519]
cellular response to heat	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of axon extension	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. [GOC:go_curators]
microtubule polymerization	biological process	The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule. [GOC:ai, GOC:go_curators]
astrocyte activation	biological process	A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:mgi_curators, PMID:10526094, PMID:10695728, PMID:12529254, PMID:12580336, PMID:9585813]
regulation of synaptic plasticity	biological process	A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, PMID:11891290]
intracellular distribution of mitochondria	biological process	Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell. [GOC:jid]
generation of neurons	biological process	The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. [GOC:nln]
synapse organization	biological process	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). [GOC:ai, GOC:pr]
regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response. [GOC:ai]
protein polymerization	biological process	The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein. [GOC:ai]
axon development	biological process	The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation). [GOC:dph, GOC:pg, GOC:pr]
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. [GOC:mah]
plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule	biological process	The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
regulation of mitochondrial fission	biological process	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of mitochondrial fission	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments. [GOC:sl, GOC:tb]
supramolecular fiber organization	biological process	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. [GOC:pr]
axonal transport	biological process	The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in axons. [ISBN:0815316194]
regulation of cellular response to heat	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat. [GOC:TermGenie, GOC:yaf]
regulation of long-term synaptic depression	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression. [GOC:BHF, GOC:TermGenie]
positive regulation of protein localization to synapse	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse. [GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22588719]
neurofibrillary tangle assembly	biological process	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neurofibrillary tangle. [GO_REF:0000079, GOC:sjp, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:15897157, PMID:22986780, PMID:24154541]
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16857185]
positive regulation of protein localization	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, GOC:vw]
negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23886946]
positive regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol kinase activity. [GO_REF:0000059, GOC:bc, GOC:PARL, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23091060]
amyloid fibril formation	biological process	The generation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure, from proteins. [GOC:cvs, GOC:jj, GOC:ppm, GOC:sj, PMID:21148556, PMID:22817896, PMID:28937655, PMID:29654159]
cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus	biological process	A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus. [PMID:22399805, Wikipedia:Nerve_growth_factor]
cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus	biological process	A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus. [PMID:21958434]

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