Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta

A signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P42224]

Synonyms

Transcription factor ISGF-3 components p91/p84

Research

Bioassay Publications (4)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	1 (25.00)	29.6817
2010's	3 (75.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Compounds (6)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
suramin sodium	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	9.1000	1	1
nsc 74859	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	182.0000	1	3
nf 449	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	7.9000	1	1
5,15-diphenylporphine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10.0000	1	1

Drugs with Activation Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
epigallocatechin gallate	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.7000	1	1
guttiferone k	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	20.6000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 21 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH]
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to a DNA sequence that is part of the core promoter of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene. [GOC:pg, GOC:txnOH, PMID:12381658]
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	molecular function	A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
transcription corepressor binding	molecular function	Binding to a transcription corepressor, a protein involved in negative regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that negatively regulate transcription. Transcription corepressors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between repressing transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. [GOC:krc]
transcription coactivator binding	molecular function	Binding to a transcription coactivator, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. [GOC:krc]
double-stranded DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to double-stranded DNA. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw]
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	molecular function	A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	molecular function	Binding to a tumor necrosis factor receptor. [GOC:ai]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
nuclear receptor binding	molecular function	Binding to a nuclear receptor protein. Nuclear receptor proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors which are regulated by binding to a ligand. [PMID:7776974]
enzyme binding	molecular function	Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. [GOC:jl]
CCR5 chemokine receptor binding	molecular function	Binding to a CCR5 chemokine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]
histone acetyltransferase binding	molecular function	Binding to an histone acetyltransferase. [GOC:bf]
histone binding	molecular function	Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription. [GOC:jl, PMID:16209651, PMID:30212449, PMID:9305837]
identical protein binding	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
protein homodimerization activity	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer. [GOC:jl]
ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding	molecular function	Binding to a ubiquitin-like protein ligase, such as ubiquitin-ligase. [GOC:jl]
cadherin binding	molecular function	Binding to cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion. [GOC:bf]
protein phosphatase 2A binding	molecular function	Binding to protein phosphatase 2A. [GOC:ai]
promoter-specific chromatin binding	molecular function	Binding to a section of chromatin that is associated with gene promoter sequences of DNA. [PMID:19948729]

Located In

This protein is located in 8 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
nucleoplasm	cellular component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
nucleolus	cellular component	A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. [ISBN:0198506732]
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
axon	cellular component	The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. [GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732]
dendrite	cellular component	A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732]
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	cellular component	Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. [GOC:jid]

Active In

This protein is active in 2 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]

Part Of

This protein is part of 4 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
ISGF3 complex	cellular component	A transcription factor complex that consists of a Stat1-Stat2 heterodimer and the IRF9 protein. [GOC:mah, PMID:8943351]
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex	cellular component	A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:tb]
chromatin	cellular component	The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130]
protein-containing complex	cellular component	A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 44 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:add]
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation	biological process	The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. [GOC:dph]
positive regulation of defense response to virus by host	biological process	Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, ISBN:0781735149]
negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros. [GOC:dph, GOC:yaf]
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	biological process	A cell surface receptor signaling pathway in which ligand binding causes the receptor to dimerize, bringing the receptor-associated JAKs into close proximity. The JAKs then phosphorylate and activate each other on tyrosine residues.This leads to the activation of associated STAT protein, causing the STATs to dissociate from the receptor, translocate to the nucleus. The pathway ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins. [PMID:12039028]
response to nutrient	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]
blood circulation	biological process	The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. [GOC:mtg_heart, ISBN:0192800825]
response to xenobiotic stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]
response to mechanical stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. [GOC:hb]
macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	biological process	The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of angiogenesis	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of interferon-alpha production	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production. [GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]
cellular response to insulin stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by tumor necrosis factor binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]
response to cytokine	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. [GOC:sl]
response to type II interferon	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. [GOC:add, ISBN:0126896631, PMID:15546383]
response to interferon-beta	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon. [GOC:sl, PMID:9561374]
cellular response to interferon-beta	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon. [GOC:sl]
interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-9 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling]
response to hydrogen peroxide	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. [GOC:jl]
regulation of apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. [GOC:jl]
response to peptide hormone	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. [PMID:11027914, PMID:15134857, Wikipedia:Peptide_hormone]
positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
negative regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell	biological process	Any process where the infecting virus reduces the levels of viral proteins in a cell. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ebc]
response to cAMP	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus. [GOC:ai]
defense response to virus	biological process	Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric oxide synthase enzyme. [GOC:ai]
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by interferon-gamma binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:signaling, PMID:28901902]
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by type I interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:signaling, PMID:32464097]
renal tubule development	biological process	The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-27 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:add, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]
cellular response to type II interferon	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to organic cyclic compound	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. [GOC:mah]
metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development	biological process	The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation	biological process	The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
negative regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation	biological process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
regulation of cell population proliferation	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]
defense response	biological process	Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. [GOC:go_curators]