Page last updated: 2024-11-13

suvorexant

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

suvorexant: an orexin receptor antagonist; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

suvorexant : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID24965990
CHEMBL ID1083659
CHEBI ID82698
SCHEMBL ID1586289
MeSH IDM0549250

Synonyms (55)

Synonym
suvorexant; mk 4305
HY-10807
CAS:1030377-33-3;MK-4305
gtpl2890
mk 4305
belsomra
mk-4305
suvorexant
mk4305
chebi:82698 ,
CHEMBL1083659 ,
[(7r)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2h-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone
bdbm50318701
D10082
belsomra (tn)
suvorexant (jan/usan)
methanone, ((7r)-4-(5-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)hexahydro-7-methyl-1h-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)(5-methyl-2-(2h-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)-
unii-081l192fo9
((7r)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)(5-methyl-2-(2h-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone
1030377-33-3
suvorexant [usan:inn]
081l192fo9 ,
(4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)(5-methyl-2-(2h-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone
BCP0726000197
belsomra component suvorexant
suvorexant [usan]
suvorexant [orange book]
suvorexant [vandf]
suvorexant [mi]
suvorexant [who-dd]
suvorexant component of belsomra
suvorexant [inn]
suvorexant [jan]
CS-0614
AKOS022185167
suv ,
SCHEMBL1586289
5-chloro-2-[(5r)-5-methyl-4-[5-methyl-2-(2h-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoyl]-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole
AC-30276
FT-0697203
DTXSID90145616 ,
DB09034
J-690010
mfcd22377755
EX-A211
JYTNQNCOQXFQPK-MRXNPFEDSA-N
AS-74879
SW219649-1
suvorexant (mk-4305)
(r)-(4-(5-chlorobenzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)(5-methyl-2-(2h-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl)methanone.
Q7650517
AMY337
dtxcid0068107
suvorexantum
n05cm19

Research Excerpts

Overview

Suvorexant (Belsomra) is an orexin receptor antagonist with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of adult insomnia. It improves sleep onset and maintenance as well as subjective measures of quality of sleep.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist that specifically targets the wake-sleep cycle."( Suvorexant in the Treatment of Difficulty Falling and Staying Asleep (Insomnia).
Berger, AA; Gilbert, E; Hasoon, J; Kaye, AD; Keefe, J; Sottosanti, ER; Thase, ME; Urits, I; Viswanath, O; Winnick, A, 2022
)
2.89
"Suvorexant is a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist, which is shown to improve sleep by reducing arousals."( Suvorexant in the Treatment of Difficulty Falling and Staying Asleep (Insomnia).
Berger, AA; Gilbert, E; Hasoon, J; Kaye, AD; Keefe, J; Sottosanti, ER; Thase, ME; Urits, I; Viswanath, O; Winnick, A, 2022
)
2.89
"Suvorexant (Belsomra®) is a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of insomnia. "( Identification of Suvorexant in Blood Using LC-MS-MS: Important Considerations for Matrix Effects and Quantitative Interferences in Targeted Assays.
Kerrigan, S; Skillman, B, 2020
)
2.33
"Suvorexant (Belsomra®) is a sedative hypnotic that was approved for use in 2015. "( CYP450-Mediated metabolism of suvorexant and investigation of metabolites in forensic case specimens.
Kerrigan, S; Skillman, B, 2020
)
2.29
"Suvorexant (Belsomra) is an orexin receptor antagonist with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of adult insomnia, which improves sleep onset and maintenance as well as subjective measures of quality of sleep."( Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant on sleep architecture and delirium in the intensive care unit.
Althoff, FC; Azimaraghi, O; Eikermann, M; Fuller, PM; Grabitz, SD; Hammer, M; Patrocinio, M; Platzbecker, K; Rumyantsev, S; Santer, P; Schaefer, MS; Subramaniam, B; Wongtangman, K; Xu, X, 2020
)
1.49
"Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor agonist and is currently approved for the treatment of insomnia in the United States and Japan. "( Suvorexant for the treatment of primary insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kuriyama, A; Tabata, H, 2017
)
3.34
"Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist, recently approved by USFDA for the treatment of insomnia. "( Simple and Highly Sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Assay for Rapid Determination of Suvorexant in Plasma.
Al-Rashood, KA; Al-Rashood, ST; Ezzeldin, E; Iqbal, M; Khalil, NY, 2017
)
2.13
"Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist approved for treating insomnia at doses of 10-20 mg. "( Suvorexant in Elderly Patients with Insomnia: Pooled Analyses of Data from Phase III Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.
Benca, RM; Connor, KM; Herring, WJ; Hutzelmann, J; Krystal, AD; Lines, C; Matzura-Wolfe, D; Michelson, D; Roth, T; Snavely, DB; Snyder, E; Walsh, JK; Zhang, Y, 2017
)
3.34
"Suvorexant (Belsomra®) is a relatively new insomnia medication that has been available in USA and Japan since 2014. "( Tissue Distribution of Suvorexant in Three Forensic Autopsy Cases.
Hara, K; Ikematsu, N; Kashiwagi, M; Kubo, SI; Matsusue, A; Takayama, M; Waters, B, 2018
)
2.23
"Suvorexant is an alternative to benzodiazepines to induce sleep, but the incidence of delirium in critically ill patients is unknown."( Suvorexant is associated with a low incidence of delirium in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study.
Iizuka, Y; Lefor, AK; Masuyama, T; Nagatomo, K; Ogi, K; Sanui, M; Sasabuchi, Y; Yagihashi, S; Yoshida, N, 2018
)
2.64
"Suvorexant (MK-4305) is an orexin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of insomnia in the USA and other regions. "( Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Suvorexant: A Randomized Rising-Dose Trial in Healthy Men.
Cabalu, T; Lewis, N; Liu, W; McCrea, J; Panebianco, D; Ramael, S; Wrishko, RE; Yee, KL, 2018
)
2.18
"Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist and is effective in inducing sleep. "( Preventive Effect of Suvorexant for Postoperative Delirium after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.
Maruyama, T; Sakurai, S; Tamura, K, 2019
)
2.28
"Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist that is approved in the US, Japan and Australia for the treatment of insomnia. "( Effects of suvorexant on the Insomnia Severity Index in patients with insomnia: analysis of pooled phase 3 data.
Connor, KM; Herring, WJ; Lines, C; Michelson, D; Morin, CM; Snavely, DB; Snyder, E, 2019
)
2.35
"Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of insomnia, characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. "( Effect of CYP3A Inhibition and Induction on the Pharmacokinetics of Suvorexant: Two Phase I, Open-Label, Fixed-Sequence Trials in Healthy Subjects.
Chakravarthy, M; Kraft, WK; Liu, W; Mangin, E; Martinez-Cantarin, MP; McCrea, JB; Panebianco, D; Wrishko, RE; Yee, KL, 2019
)
2.19
"Suvorexant (MK-4305) is an orexin receptor antagonist shown to be efficacious for insomnia over 3 months. "( Safety and efficacy of suvorexant during 1-year treatment of insomnia with subsequent abrupt treatment discontinuation: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Benca, RM; Chengan-Liu, M; Cohn, M; Herring, WJ; Hutzelmann, J; Krystal, AD; Lines, C; Michelson, D; Paradis, E; Roth, T; Snavely, DB; Snyder, E; Walsh, JK, 2014
)
2.16
"Suvorexant is a pharmacologically novel dual antagonist of orexin receptors OX1R and OX2R, which has an effect that promotes sleep by reducing arousal and wakefulness. "( Suvorexant: a novel therapy for the treatment of insomnia.
Howland, RH, 2014
)
3.29
"Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist for treatment of insomnia. "( Suvorexant in Patients With Insomnia: Results From Two 3-Month Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.
Benca, RM; Budd, K; Connor, KM; Froman, S; Herring, WJ; Hutzelmann, J; Ivgy-May, N; Krystal, AD; Leibensperger, H; Lines, C; Liu, K; Michelson, D; Rosenberg, R; Roth, T; Sangal, RB; Snavely, DB; Snyder, E; Walsh, JK, 2016
)
3.32
"Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist for treating insomnia. "( Effects of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant on respiration during sleep in healthy subjects.
Donikyan, M; Lines, C; Liu, R; Louridas, B; Marsilio, S; McCrea, J; Sun, H; Troyer, MD; Uemura, N; Wagner, J; Zammit, G, 2015
)
2.12
"Suvorexant is a hypnotic representing the first-in-class of a new group of agents known as dual orexin receptor antagonists. "( Suvorexant: efficacy and safety profile of a dual orexin receptor antagonist in treating insomnia.
Owen, RT, 2016
)
3.32
"Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved in the United States and Japan for the treatment of insomnia at a maximum dose of 20 mg. "( Assessment of the Abuse Potential of the Orexin Receptor Antagonist, Suvorexant, Compared With Zolpidem in a Randomized Crossover Study.
Bondiskey, P; Cha, JH; Faulknor, J; Kennedy, WP; Levy-Cooperman, N; Lewis, NM; Li, X; Liu, W; McCrea, JB; Panebianco, DL; Schoedel, KA; Sellers, EM; Sun, H; Troyer, MD; Wagner, JA, 2016
)
2.11
"Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist approved for treating insomnia at a maximum dose of 20 mg. "( Suvorexant in Patients with Insomnia: Pooled Analyses of Three-Month Data from Phase-3 Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.
Benca, RM; Connor, KM; Herring, WJ; Hutzelmann, J; Krystal, AD; Lines, C; Matzura-Wolfe, D; Michelson, D; Roth, T; Snavely, DB; Snyder, E; Walsh, JK; Zhang, Y, 2016
)
3.32
"Suvorexant is a first-in-class orexin receptor antagonist for treating insomnia. "( On-the-road driving performance the morning after bedtime use of suvorexant 15 and 30 mg in healthy elderly.
Bautmans, A; Heirman, I; Jongen, S; Laethem, T; Li, X; McCrea, J; Palcza, J; Sun, H; Troyer, MD; Van Oers, AC; Vermeeren, A; Vets, E; Vuurman, EF; Wrishko, R, 2016
)
2.11
"Suvorexant (Belsomra®) is a new hypnotic drug with a novel mechanism of action. "( Identification of Suvorexant in Urine Using Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS).
Bryand, K; Kerrigan, S; Sullinger, S, 2017
)
2.23
"Suvorexant is a new insomnia drug, and it is generally safe and well tolerated. "( Suvorexant-Induced Dream Enactment Behavior in Parkinson Disease: A Case Report.
Kitaguchi, H; Kuriyama, A; Shindo, K; Tabata, H; Yamao, F, 2017
)
3.34
"Suvorexant (MK-4305) is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable antagonist of OX(1)R and OX(2)R currently under clinical investigation as a novel therapy for insomnia."( Promotion of sleep by suvorexant-a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist.
Breslin, MJ; Coleman, PJ; Cox, CD; Cui, D; Doran, SM; Fox, SV; Garson, SL; Gotter, AL; Harrell, CM; Reiss, DR; Renger, JJ; Stevens, J; Tannenbaum, PL; Winrow, CJ, 2011
)
1.41
"Suvorexant is a dual orexin antagonist currently in Phase III clinical trials for the modulation of sleep and is being developed by Merck. "( ACS chemical neuroscience molecule spotlight on Suvorexant.
Hopkins, CR, 2012
)
2.08
"Suvorexant (MK-4305) is an orexin receptor antagonist being developed for the treatment of insomnia. "( Effects of suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, on sleep parameters as measured by polysomnography in healthy men.
Calder, N; Chodakewitz, J; Ermlich, S; Kennedy, WP; Lewis, N; Li, X; Lines, C; Ma, J; Mangin, E; Murphy, GM; Rosen, L; Sun, H; Wilbraham, D; Yee, KL, 2013
)
2.22

Toxicity

Over 1 year, 362 (69%) of 521 patients treated with suvorexant experienced any adverse events compared with 164 (64%) of 258 treated with placebo.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Over 1 year, 362 (69%) of 521 patients treated with suvorexant experienced any adverse events compared with 164 (64%) of 258 treated with placebo."( Safety and efficacy of suvorexant during 1-year treatment of insomnia with subsequent abrupt treatment discontinuation: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Benca, RM; Chengan-Liu, M; Cohn, M; Herring, WJ; Hutzelmann, J; Krystal, AD; Lines, C; Michelson, D; Paradis, E; Roth, T; Snavely, DB; Snyder, E; Walsh, JK, 2014
)
0.96
"Our findings show that suvorexant was generally safe and well tolerated over 1 year of nightly treatment in patients with insomnia, with efficacy noted for subjective measures of sleep onset and maintenance."( Safety and efficacy of suvorexant during 1-year treatment of insomnia with subsequent abrupt treatment discontinuation: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Benca, RM; Chengan-Liu, M; Cohn, M; Herring, WJ; Hutzelmann, J; Krystal, AD; Lines, C; Michelson, D; Paradis, E; Roth, T; Snavely, DB; Snyder, E; Walsh, JK, 2014
)
1.02
" The most commonly encountered adverse event (incidence ≥ 5% and at least twice the rate of placebo) as identified in product labelling is somnolence, with NNH values vs."( Suvorexant for insomnia: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved hypnotic - what is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed?
Citrome, L, 2014
)
1.85
" All treatments were generally well tolerated without serious adverse events."( Psychomotor effects, pharmacokinetics and safety of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant administered in combination with alcohol in healthy subjects.
Gill, S; Li, X; Liu, W; Mangin, E; McCrea, J; Morrison, D; Panebianco, D; Sun, H; Troyer, MD; Wagner, JA; Yee, KL, 2015
)
0.64
" Overall tolerability was good, with somnolence being the commonest adverse event (≤ 7% in 3-month studies)."( Suvorexant: efficacy and safety profile of a dual orexin receptor antagonist in treating insomnia.
Owen, RT, 2016
)
1.88
" The animal studies included determination of the therapeutic index of the drug (ie, lethal dose 50 which is the dose at which 50% of animals die following administration of the drug), adverse effects on fertility, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and ability to cause narcolepsy."( CNS Drug Development, Lessons Learned, Part 5: How Preclinical and Human Safety Studies Inform the Approval and Subsequent Use of a New Drug-Suvorexant as an Example.
Preskorn, SH, 2018
)
0.68
" Safety assessments included daily adverse event (AE) monitoring; pharmacokinetic data were obtained through periodic sampling."( Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Suvorexant: A Randomized Rising-Dose Trial in Healthy Men.
Cabalu, T; Lewis, N; Liu, W; McCrea, J; Panebianco, D; Ramael, S; Wrishko, RE; Yee, KL, 2018
)
0.74
"Although gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine (GABA-BZ) receptor agonists are used to treat insomnia, their long-term or high-dosage use causes adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of lemborexant as an alternative drug for patients with insomnia taking gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine receptor agonists or suvorexant.
Inamoto, A; Iwanami, A; Kawai, K; Okino, K; Sanada, K; Suzuki, H; Tomioka, H, 2023
)
1.11
"The novel dual orexin receptor antagonist lemborexant (LEM) has fewer adverse effects than GABA-BZ receptor agonists."( Efficacy and safety of lemborexant as an alternative drug for patients with insomnia taking gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine receptor agonists or suvorexant.
Inamoto, A; Iwanami, A; Kawai, K; Okino, K; Sanada, K; Suzuki, H; Tomioka, H, 2023
)
1.11
" The safety and tolerability of GABA-BZ receptor agonists and SUX were high, and no serious adverse effects were observed after switching to LEM."( Efficacy and safety of lemborexant as an alternative drug for patients with insomnia taking gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine receptor agonists or suvorexant.
Inamoto, A; Iwanami, A; Kawai, K; Okino, K; Sanada, K; Suzuki, H; Tomioka, H, 2023
)
1.11

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed using tests of digit vigilance (DVT; primary endpoint), choice reaction time, digit symbol substitution, numeric working memory, immediate/delayed word recall, body sway and subjective alertness."( Psychomotor effects, pharmacokinetics and safety of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant administered in combination with alcohol in healthy subjects.
Gill, S; Li, X; Liu, W; Mangin, E; McCrea, J; Morrison, D; Panebianco, D; Sun, H; Troyer, MD; Wagner, JA; Yee, KL, 2015
)
0.64
" This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential-panel, Phase 1 trial assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data following single and multiple dosing of suvorexant in healthy men (aged 18-45 years)."( Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Suvorexant: A Randomized Rising-Dose Trial in Healthy Men.
Cabalu, T; Lewis, N; Liu, W; McCrea, J; Panebianco, D; Ramael, S; Wrishko, RE; Yee, KL, 2018
)
0.93
" Safety assessments included daily adverse event (AE) monitoring; pharmacokinetic data were obtained through periodic sampling."( Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Suvorexant: A Randomized Rising-Dose Trial in Healthy Men.
Cabalu, T; Lewis, N; Liu, W; McCrea, J; Panebianco, D; Ramael, S; Wrishko, RE; Yee, KL, 2018
)
0.74
" Although other classes of sleep medications are not discussed, the same pharmacokinetic principles also apply to them."( Comparative Pharmacology of the 3 Marketed Dual Orexin Antagonists-Daridorexant, Lemborexant, and Suvorexant: Part 1: Pharmacokinetic Profiles.
Preskorn, SH, 2022
)
0.94

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This second column in the series focuses on the metabolism of each of the 3 drugs by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A, guidance for using these agents in combination with drugs that are CYP3A inhibitors or inducers, and how to adjust dosing in patients with comorbid conditions such as hepatic or renal impairment."( Comparative Pharmacology of the 3 Marketed Dual Orexin Antagonists-Daridorexant, Lemborexant, and Suvorexant-Part 2. Principal Drug Metabolizing Enzyme, Drug-Drug Interactions, and Effects of Liver and Renal Impairment on Metabolism.
Preskorn, SH, 2023
)
1.13

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Suvorexant (MK-4305) is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable antagonist of OX(1)R and OX(2)R currently under clinical investigation as a novel therapy for insomnia."( Promotion of sleep by suvorexant-a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist.
Breslin, MJ; Coleman, PJ; Cox, CD; Cui, D; Doran, SM; Fox, SV; Garson, SL; Gotter, AL; Harrell, CM; Reiss, DR; Renger, JJ; Stevens, J; Tannenbaum, PL; Winrow, CJ, 2011
)
1.59
" These batches were evaluated in a relative bioavailability clinical study in healthy volunteers."( Development of In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation for Amorphous Solid Dispersion Immediate-Release Suvorexant Tablets and Application to Clinically Relevant Dissolution Specifications and In-Process Controls.
Hermans, A; Kesisoglou, F; Miller, J; Neu, C; Palcza, J; Yee, KL, 2015
)
0.64

Dosage Studied

Suvorexant was generally well tolerated after single and multiple dosing for 14 days. Dosed orally SuvoreXant significantly and dose-dependently reduced locomotor activity and promoted sleep in rats (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg), dogs (1 and 3 mg/ kg), and rhesus monkeys.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Dosed orally Suvorexant significantly and dose-dependently reduced locomotor activity and promoted sleep in rats (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg), dogs (1 and 3 mg/kg), and rhesus monkeys (10 mg/kg)."( Promotion of sleep by suvorexant-a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist.
Breslin, MJ; Coleman, PJ; Cox, CD; Cui, D; Doran, SM; Fox, SV; Garson, SL; Gotter, AL; Harrell, CM; Reiss, DR; Renger, JJ; Stevens, J; Tannenbaum, PL; Winrow, CJ, 2011
)
1.04
" Drug levels are higher in women and obese people; hence, dosing should be conservative in obese women."( Profile of suvorexant in the management of insomnia.
Sutton, EL, 2015
)
0.81
" This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential-panel, Phase 1 trial assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data following single and multiple dosing of suvorexant in healthy men (aged 18-45 years)."( Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Suvorexant: A Randomized Rising-Dose Trial in Healthy Men.
Cabalu, T; Lewis, N; Liu, W; McCrea, J; Panebianco, D; Ramael, S; Wrishko, RE; Yee, KL, 2018
)
0.93
"Suvorexant was generally well tolerated after single and multiple dosing for 14 days."( Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Suvorexant: A Randomized Rising-Dose Trial in Healthy Men.
Cabalu, T; Lewis, N; Liu, W; McCrea, J; Panebianco, D; Ramael, S; Wrishko, RE; Yee, KL, 2018
)
2.18
" Zolpidem has been marketed in new dosage forms that include sublingual tablets and oral spray formulations."( New pharmacologic agents for insomnia and hypersomnia.
Earl, DC; Van Tyle, KM, 2020
)
0.56
"Recent advancements in the treatment of insomnia includes agents with novel mechanisms, new indications, and new dosage forms."( New pharmacologic agents for insomnia and hypersomnia.
Earl, DC; Van Tyle, KM, 2020
)
0.56
" This second column in the series focuses on the metabolism of each of the 3 drugs by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A, guidance for using these agents in combination with drugs that are CYP3A inhibitors or inducers, and how to adjust dosing in patients with comorbid conditions such as hepatic or renal impairment."( Comparative Pharmacology of the 3 Marketed Dual Orexin Antagonists-Daridorexant, Lemborexant, and Suvorexant-Part 2. Principal Drug Metabolizing Enzyme, Drug-Drug Interactions, and Effects of Liver and Renal Impairment on Metabolism.
Preskorn, SH, 2023
)
1.13
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
central nervous system depressantA loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system.
orexin receptor antagonistAn antagonist that binds to and deactivates orexin receptors.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (5)

ClassDescription
1,3-benzoxazolesCompounds based on a fused 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.
triazolesAn azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.
diazepine
aromatic amideAn amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.
organochlorine compoundAn organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (6)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Orexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.08730.00600.04450.1990AID1139801; AID1279973; AID1432659; AID482636
Orexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.00100.00030.28763.1623AID1139799; AID1582239; AID1724828; AID482633; AID482634; AID765089
Orexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.06130.00040.51858.1000AID1139802; AID1249289; AID1279959; AID1432660; AID482637
Orexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.00270.00020.37713.7810AID1139800; AID1166953; AID1582240; AID482635; AID765090
Orexin receptor type 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.00170.00170.00170.0017AID774767
Orexin receptor type 2Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.00870.00870.00870.0087AID774766
Substance-K receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.00030.00031.85023.7000AID482635
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.00040.00030.26715.0700AID765090
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (10)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
neuropeptide signaling pathwayOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
feeding behaviorOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hormone stimulusOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathwayOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
feeding behaviorOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulnessOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
circadian sleep/wake cycle processOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
locomotionOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hormone stimulusOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor activityOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
orexin receptor activityOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone bindingOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide bindingOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide receptor activityOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
orexin receptor activityOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone bindingOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
peptide bindingOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (2)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
synapseOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneOrexin receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
synapseOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneOrexin receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (133)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID482645Volume of distribution at steady state in dog at 0.5 mg/kg, iv2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482850Selectivity for human OX2R over human OX1R2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1279955Tmax in human plasma2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280069Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as total sleep time at 40 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482650Tmax in dog at 3 mg/kg, po2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280059Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as latency to persistent sleep time at 10 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280083Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as total sleep time at 40 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280080Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as sleep efficiency at 40 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID774763Fraction unbound in C57BL/6 mouse brain at 50 mg/kg, po after 1 hr by LC-MS/MS analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID774767Antagonist activity at mouse OX1 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of orexin A-induced Ca2+ accumulation after 1 hr by Fluo-4-AM staining-based FLIPR assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1432680Sleep promoting activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as effect on rapid eye movement sleep time at 90 mg/kg, po measured over 2 hrs by electroencephalogram method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Discovery of novel substituted octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles as dual orexin receptor antagonists for insomnia treatment.
AID1139799Displacement of [3H]radioligand from human orexin-1 receptor expressed in CHO cells after 3 hrs by scintillation counting analysis2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 24, Issue:9
Discovery of dual orexin receptor antagonists with rat sleep efficacy enabled by expansion of the acetonitrile-assisted/diphosgene-mediated 2,4-dichloropyrimidine synthesis.
AID1889302Permeability in pig LLC-PK1 cells2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
Dose Number as a Tool to Guide Lead Optimization for Orally Bioavailable Compounds in Drug Discovery.
AID1249288Antagonist activity at human orexin 1 receptor Ile408-Val mutant expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of orexin-A-induced intracellular calcium level after 60 mins by FLIPR assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 25, Issue:21
Discovery of diazepane amide DORAs and 2-SORAs enabled by exploration of isosteric quinazoline replacements.
AID1889298Aqueous solubility of the compound in FaSSIF2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-10, Volume: 65, Issue:3
Dose Number as a Tool to Guide Lead Optimization for Orally Bioavailable Compounds in Drug Discovery.
AID482636Antagonist activity at human OX1R expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of orexin-A-induced intracellular calcium mobilization after 5 mins by FLIPR assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482820Ratio of drug level in CSF to plasma in rat at 0.25 to 2 mg/kg, iv after 30 mins2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280007Effect on sleep parameter in po dosed dog by EEG analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482840Drug level in human OX2R overexpressing transgenic rat CSF at 1.34 mg/kg, iv after 30 mins2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280063Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as latency to persistent sleep time at 20 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1192081Half life in human2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6
Discovery and in vitro and in vivo profiles of N-ethyl-N-[2-[3-(5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethyl]-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-benzamide as a novel class of dual orexin receptor antagonist.
AID482845Genotoxicity in Salmonella Typhimurium by Ames test2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1279954Apparent permeability of the compound2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280061Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as total sleep time at 10 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280068Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as wake after sleep onset time at 40 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482841In vivo occupancy of human OX2R ubiquitously overexpressed in transgenic rat at 30 mg/kg/day, iv after 30 mins2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1139802Antagonist activity at human orexin-2 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ala-6, 12-induced responses by FLIPR assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 24, Issue:9
Discovery of dual orexin receptor antagonists with rat sleep efficacy enabled by expansion of the acetonitrile-assisted/diphosgene-mediated 2,4-dichloropyrimidine synthesis.
AID482634Displacement of [3H]N-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylthio)ethyl)-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzamide from human OX1R expressed in CHO cells after 20 hrs by scintillation counting2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1582239Displacement of [3H]4-(2,6-Difluoro-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(5,6-dimethoxypyridin-3-yl)-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3(4H)-one 1,1-dioxide from human wild-type OX1 receptor expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 insect cell membranes measured after 90 mins by liqu2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-27, Volume: 63, Issue:4
Comparison of Orexin 1 and Orexin 2 Ligand Binding Modes Using X-ray Crystallography and Computational Analysis.
AID1280001Clearance in iv dosed rat2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1279959Antagonist activity at OX2R (unknown origin)2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1279986Plasma protein binding in human2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482839Drug level in human OX2R overexpressing transgenic rat brain at 1.34 mg/kg, iv after 30 mins2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID774758Induction of sleep in C57BL/6 mouse assessed as increase in non-rapid eye movement at 50 mg/kg, po measured during 4 hrs by EEG/EMG analysis relative to vehicle-treated control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482821Ratio of drug level in brain to plasma in rat at 10 mg/kg, po after 1 hr2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280076Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as total sleep time at 10 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482646Terminal half life in dog at 0.5 mg/kg, iv2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482648Cmax in dog at 3 mg/kg, po2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1432659Antagonist activity at human orexin 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of orexin-induced calcium mobilization after 60 mins by FLIPR assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Discovery of novel substituted octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles as dual orexin receptor antagonists for insomnia treatment.
AID1280084Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as sleep efficiency at 80 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482823Lipophilicity, log P of the compound2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280065Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as total sleep time at 20 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1279997Plasma protein binding in rat2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482833Antiinsomnic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in delta sleep duration at 30 mg/kg/day, po measured with 3 to 4 hrs post last dose2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482835Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat CSF at 30 mg/kg/day, po2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1279999Substrate activity at human Pgp assessed as efflux ratio2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID765090Binding affinity to orexin receptor 2 (unknown origin)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17
Selective orexin receptor antagonists.
AID1237015Half life in human2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 25, Issue:15
Recent trends in orexin research--2010 to 2015.
AID1280082Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as wake after sleep onset time at 40 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482832Antiinsomnic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in rapid-eye movement at 30 mg/kg/day, po measured with 3 to 4 hrs post last dose2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1166953Displacement of [125I]-Orexin A from human OX2R expressed in CHO cells after 30 mins by topcount analysis2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 22, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel N-aryl-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide that are potent and orally active orexin receptor antagonists.
AID482654Oral bioavailability in rat at 10 mg/kg2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1249292Bioactivation of compound in rat liver microsomes assessed as AUC of GSH-adduct formation at 10 uM after 60 mins by HRMS analysis relative to labetalol2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 25, Issue:21
Discovery of diazepane amide DORAs and 2-SORAs enabled by exploration of isosteric quinazoline replacements.
AID1280081Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as latency to persistent sleep time at 40 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1139800Displacement of [3H]radioligand from human orexin-2 receptor expressed in CHO cells after 3 hrs by scintillation counting analysis2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 24, Issue:9
Discovery of dual orexin receptor antagonists with rat sleep efficacy enabled by expansion of the acetonitrile-assisted/diphosgene-mediated 2,4-dichloropyrimidine synthesis.
AID1280000Receptor occupancy at OX2R in rat brain assessed as drug level in plasma2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID774764Drug uptake in C57BL/6 mouse blood at 50 mg/kg after 1 hr by LC-MS/MS analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482640Terminal half life in rat at 2 mg/kg, iv2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482639Volume of distribution at steady state in rat at 2 mg/kg, iv2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1663203Half-life in human plasma at 40 mg,po administered once daily2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 28, Issue:13
Discovery of ORN0829, a potent dual orexin 1/2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482638Clearance in rat at 2 mg/kg, iv2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID774760Induction of sleep in C57BL/6 mouse assessed as increase in total sleep time at 50 mg/kg, po measured during 5 hrs by EEG/EMG analysis relative to vehicle-treated control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280067Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as latency to persistent sleep time at 40 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1249291Bioactivation of compound in human liver microsomes assessed as AUC of GSH-adduct formation at 10 uM after 60 mins by HRMS analysis relative to labetalol2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 25, Issue:21
Discovery of diazepane amide DORAs and 2-SORAs enabled by exploration of isosteric quinazoline replacements.
AID1279998Plasma protein binding in dog2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1139801Antagonist activity at human orexin-1 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of Ala-6, 12-induced responses by FLIPR assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 24, Issue:9
Discovery of dual orexin receptor antagonists with rat sleep efficacy enabled by expansion of the acetonitrile-assisted/diphosgene-mediated 2,4-dichloropyrimidine synthesis.
AID1280057Terminal half life in human plasma2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280002Half life in iv dosed rat2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280004Half life in iv dosed dog2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID774765Drug uptake in C57BL/6 mouse brain at 50 mg/kg after 1 hr by LC-MS/MS analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280086Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as wake after sleep onset time at 80 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID774761Effect on locomotion in C57BL/6 mouse assessed as reduction of motility at 50 mg/kg, po measured up to 4 hrs2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482834Antiinsomnic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as decrease in light sleep duration at 30 mg/kg/day, po measured with 3 to 4 hrs post last dose2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280005Oral bioavailability in rat2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280075Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as wake after sleep onset time at 10 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1279952GSH activity assessed as GSH adduct formation by measuring GSH/IS ratio2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280060Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as wake after sleep onset time at 10 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1597745Half life in human at 5 to 20 mg2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16
Sleep modulating agents.
AID1582240Displacement of [3H]4-(2,6-Difluoro-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(5,6-dimethoxypyridin-3-yl)-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3(4H)-one 1,1-dioxide from human wild-type OX2 receptor expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 insect cell membranes measured after 90 mins by liqu2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-27, Volume: 63, Issue:4
Comparison of Orexin 1 and Orexin 2 Ligand Binding Modes Using X-ray Crystallography and Computational Analysis.
AID482836Drug level in Sprague-Dawley rat CSF at 30 mg/kg/day, po2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1279956Effect on sleep parameter in po dosed rat by EEG analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482848Plasma protein binding in rat2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280066Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as sleep efficiency at 40 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482843Chemical stability in pH-dependent solution2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482637Antagonist activity at human OX2R expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of orexin-A-induced intracellular calcium mobilization after 5 mins by FLIPR assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280006Oral bioavailability in dog2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482822Ratio of drug level in CSF to plasma in rat at 10 mg/kg, po after 1 hr2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482653Tmax in rat at 10 mg/kg, po2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482831Antiinsomnic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as decrease in active wake duration at 30 mg/kg/day, po measured with 3 to 4 hrs post last dose2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280062Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as sleep efficiency at 20 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280058Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as sleep efficiency at 10 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1279973Antagonist activity at OX1R (unknown origin)2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID774766Antagonist activity at mouse OX2 receptor expressed in HEK cells assessed as inhibition of orexin A-induced Ca2+ accumulation after 1 hr by Fluo-4-AM staining-based FLIPR assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280071Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as latency to persistent sleep time at 80 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1279964Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as wake after sleep onset time at 20 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482647AUC in dog at 3 mg/kg, po2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482846Cardiotoxicity in dog2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1724830Displacement of [3H]-EMPA from human orexin 2 receptor expressed in CHO cells incubated for 2 hrs by whole cell radioligand binding assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-08, Volume: 63, Issue:19
Structure-Based Discovery of Novel Ligands for the Orexin 2 Receptor.
AID1280074Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as latency to persistent sleep time at 10 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280072Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as wake after sleep onset time at 80 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482635Displacement of [3H](S)-N-(2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-(2-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylthio)acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide from human OX2R expressed in CHO cells after 3 hrs by scintillation counting2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1279945Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as total sleep time at 80 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1432682Sleep promoting activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in slow wave sleep time at 90 mg/kg, po measured over 2 hrs by electroencephalogram method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Discovery of novel substituted octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles as dual orexin receptor antagonists for insomnia treatment.
AID482842Thermal stability of the compound2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1279963Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as total sleep time at 80 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482837In vivo occupancy of human OX2R ubiquitously overexpressed in iv dosed transgenic rat after 30 mins2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482651AUC in rat at 10 mg/kg, po2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280078Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as latency to persistent sleep time at 20 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1280073Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as sleep efficiency at 10 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482849Plasma protein binding in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280079Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as total sleep time at 20 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482644Clearance in dog at 0.5 mg/kg, iv2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280077Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as sleep efficiency at 20 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID765089Binding affinity to orexin receptor 1 (unknown origin)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17
Selective orexin receptor antagonists.
AID1280003Clearance in iv dosed dog2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID1432678Sleep promoting activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as decrease in active wake time at 90 mg/kg, po measured over 2 hrs by electroencephalogram method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Discovery of novel substituted octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles as dual orexin receptor antagonists for insomnia treatment.
AID482633Displacement of [3H](S)-N-(biphenyl-2-yl)-1-(2-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylthio)acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide from human OX1R expressed in CHO cells after 3 hrs by scintillation counting2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1432660Antagonist activity at human orexin 2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of orexin-induced calcium mobilization after 60 mins by FLIPR assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Discovery of novel substituted octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles as dual orexin receptor antagonists for insomnia treatment.
AID482830Idiosyncratic toxicity in human liver microsomes assessed GSH-derived reactive electrophilic adduct formation at 10 uM after 60 mins by UPLC/HRMS analysis relative to labetalol2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1724828Displacement of [3H]-SB67404 from human orexin 1 receptor expressed in CHO cells incubated for 2 hrs by whole cell radioligand binding assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-08, Volume: 63, Issue:19
Structure-Based Discovery of Novel Ligands for the Orexin 2 Receptor.
AID482838Drug level in human OX2R overexpressing transgenic rat plasma at 1.34 mg/kg, iv after 30 mins2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1249289Antagonist activity at human orexin 2 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as inhibition of orexin-A-induced intracellular calcium level after 60 mins by FLIPR assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 25, Issue:21
Discovery of diazepane amide DORAs and 2-SORAs enabled by exploration of isosteric quinazoline replacements.
AID1280070Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as sleep efficiency at 80 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID482658Ratio of drug level in brain to plasma in rat at 0.25 to 2 mg/kg, iv after 30 mins2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482844Aqueous solubility of the compound2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482652Cmax in rat at 10 mg/kg, po2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280085Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as latency to persistent sleep time at 80 mg, po measured on night 28 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID774759Induction of sleep in C57BL/6 mouse assessed as increase in rapid eye movement at 50 mg/kg, po measured during 4 hrs by EEG/EMG analysis relative to vehicle-treated control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1280064Effect on sleep parameter in insomnia patient assessed as wake after sleep onset time at 20 mg, po measured on night 1 by polysomnography2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia.
AID774755Induction of sleep in C57BL/6 mouse assessed as increased rapid eye movement sleep proportion at 50 mg/kg, po measured during 1 hr by EEG/EMG analysis relative to vehicle-treated control2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19
Identification of a novel series of orexin receptor antagonists with a distinct effect on sleep architecture for the treatment of insomnia.
AID482649Oral bioavailability in dog at 3 mg/kg2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1346418Human OX2 receptor (Orexin receptors)2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1346381Human OX1 receptor (Orexin receptors)2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-22, Volume: 53, Issue:14
Discovery of the dual orexin receptor antagonist [(7R)-4-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the treatment of insomnia.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (202)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's125 (61.88)24.3611
2020's77 (38.12)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 78.31

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index78.31 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.57 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.91 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index153.80 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.32 (0.95)

This Compound (78.31)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials47 (21.96%)5.53%
Reviews44 (20.56%)6.00%
Case Studies14 (6.54%)4.05%
Observational5 (2.34%)0.25%
Other104 (48.60%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (58)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Single-Dose, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Crossover Study to Determine the Abuse Potential of Single Oral Dose of Seltorexant Compared To Suvorexant and Zolpidem [NCT05106153]Phase 1127 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-12-17Completed
Proof of Concept Study: Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome With the Hypocretin Antagonist Suvorexant [NCT03755310]Phase 243 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-02-28Not yet recruiting
A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of MK-4305 (Suvorexant) for Reducing Incidence of Delirium in Japanese Participants at High Risk of Delirium [NCT04571944]Phase 3203 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-22Completed
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy of Suvorexant in the Treatment of Hot Flash-associated Insomnia in Midlife Women [NCT03034018]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-25Completed
Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo- and Active-controlled, 6-way Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Abuse Potential of Single, Oral Doses of ACT-541468 in Healthy Recreational Drug Users [NCT03657355]Phase 163 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-09-07Completed
A Phase III Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Suvorexant (MK-4305) for the Treatment of Insomnia in Subjects With Alzheimer's Disease [NCT02750306]Phase 3285 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-23Completed
Sleep Quality and Amyloid-Beta Kinetics [NCT03077620]48 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Completed
Suvorexant to Reduce Symptoms of Nicotine Use: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study [NCT04234997]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-23Recruiting
A Multiple Dose Study to Evaluate Next Day Effects of MK-4305 on Driving Performance in Healthy Non-Elderly Subjects [NCT01311882]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
A Double-Blind Sequential Parallel Study of Suvorexant (Belsomra) for the Treatment of Bipolar Depression With Insomnia [NCT03764683]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-26Withdrawn(stopped due to Study was terminated due to COVID-19.)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Effect of Suvorexant (Belsomra®) on Sympathetic Neural Activity and Baroreflex Function in Patients With Chronic Insomnia [NCT03768713]Phase 434 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-04-18Recruiting
A Study to Evaluate the Effects of MK-4305 in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea [NCT01300455]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-19Completed
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Long Term Safety Study of MK-4305 in Patients With Primary Insomnia [NCT01021813]Phase 3781 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-10Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Effects of MK-4305 in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [NCT01293006]Phase 125 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-25Completed
The Impact of Suvorexant on Cognitive Function and Daytime Symptoms Among Community-dwelling Older Adults With Insomnia: A Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Using Remote Monitoring and Ecological Momentary Assessment [NCT05908526]Phase 250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-09Recruiting
A Placebo-controlled, Double -Blind Randomised Trial of Suvorexant in the Management Comorbid Sleep Disorder and Alcohol Dependence [NCT03897062]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-08-26Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment problems during covid lockdowns resulted in Merck ceasing supply of suvorexant/placebo)
Efficacy of Suvorexant in Patients With Effectively Treated Restless Legs Syndrome and Persistent Chronic Insomnia: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial [NCT04706091]Phase 490 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-12Active, not recruiting
The Efficacy of Suvorexant in the Residential Treatment of Patients With Substance Use Disorder and Insomnia: A Pilot Open Trial [NCT03412591]Phase 2/Phase 328 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-07-01Completed
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial of Suvorexant for Sleep in Children With Autism [NCT05546554]Phase 226 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-09Recruiting
Sleep Trial to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease [NCT04629547]Phase 2200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-25Recruiting
Dual-Orexin Antagonism as a Mechanism for Improving Sleep and Drug Abstinence in Opioid Use Disorder [NCT04262193]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-02-01Recruiting
Effects of the Orexin Receptor Antagonist Suvorexant on Sleep Architecture and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Multi-Centric Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04092894]Phase 4120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-02-28Recruiting
Suvorexant and Trauma Related Insomnia [NCT02704754]Phase 441 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-01Completed
A Six Week, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Suvorexant Augmentation Study of Antidepressant Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder With Residual Insomnia [NCT02669030]Phase 474 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-03-01Recruiting
Orexin's Role in The Neurobiology of Substance Use Disorder [NCT05630781]140 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-15Recruiting
A Double-blind, Crossover, Study to Compare the Hypnotic, Daytime Sleepiness/Fatigue, and Pain Effects of Nighttime Administration of Suvorexant 20 mg Versus Placebo in Patients With Fibromyalgia and Comorbid Insomnia [NCT02684136]Phase 410 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-02-01Terminated(stopped due to reduced ability to recruit sufficient number of patients)
Targeting Orexin to Treat Nicotine Dependence [NCT03999099]Phase 145 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-09-26Recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Suvorexant for Opioid/Stimulant Co-use Among Individuals in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) [NCT05546515]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-12-01Recruiting
A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, 2-period Adaptive Crossover Polysomnography Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of MK-4305 in Patients With Primary Insomnia [NCT00792298]Phase 2254 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-05Completed
Suvorexant: A Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist for Treating Sleep Disturbance inPosttraumatic Stress [NCT03642028]Phase 4144 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-30Recruiting
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MK-4305 in Patients With Primary Insomnia - Study B [NCT01097629]Phase 31,020 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-03Completed
Measuring Acute Drug Demand in Humans [NCT05829655]Early Phase 175 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-08Recruiting
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MK-4305 in Patients With Primary Insomnia - Study A [NCT01097616]Phase 31,023 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-05Completed
Examining the Role of the Orexin System in Sleep and Stress in Persons With Opioid Use Disorder [NCT04287062]Phase 2200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-20Recruiting
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Adjunctive Suvorexant for Treatment-resistant Insomnia in Patients With Bipolar Disorder [NCT02527564]Phase 461 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-30Completed
A Multi-center, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel Design Study to Compare the Effectiveness of Suvorexant Versus Placebo on Sleep Pressure and Circadian Rhythm in Hypertensives With Insomnia: The Super 1 Study [NCT02849184]Phase 482 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-17Completed
Orexin Receptor Antagonists as Modulators of Threat Sensitivity in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder [NCT05656534]Early Phase 180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-29Recruiting
Medication Development for Protracted Abstinence in Alcoholism: Suvorexant Versus Placebo [NCT04229095]Phase 226 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-11-17Completed
Efficacy of Suvorexant to Improve Postoperative Sleep and Reduce Delirium Severity in Older Surgical Patients: A Double-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT05733286]Phase 2130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-28Recruiting
Treating Insomnia and Improving Glycemic Control in Midlife Women With Insomnia and Pre-diabetes [NCT05593653]Phase 461 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-06Recruiting
Influence of Orexin Antagonism on Motivation for Cocaine [NCT03937986]Early Phase 18 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-07-11Completed
[NCT02491788]Phase 419 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-02-01Completed
Suvorexant as an Adjunct to Buprenorphine Induction and Maintenance in Persons Who Use Fentanyl [NCT05145764]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-30Recruiting
A Comparison of the Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Suvorexant and Zolpidem in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study [NCT04273776]Early Phase 190 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-12-01Enrolling by invitation
Treatment of Disturbed Sleep in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) [NCT04014387]Phase 460 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-06-02Recruiting
Can Blocking the Orexin System Enhance Sleep's Benefits to Therapeutic Exposure for PTSD? [NCT02849548]Phase 427 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-03Completed
An Open-Label, Single-Dose Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics of MK-4305 in Patients With Impaired Renal Function [NCT01059851]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-24Completed
Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Suvorexant 20 mg to Placebo for Treatment of Insomnia in Cancer Survivors [NCT06162663]Phase 444 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Not yet recruiting
Effect of Suvorexant on Sleep Disturbance in Patients With Chronic Insomnia and Suboptimally Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized 3-month Clinical Trial Using a Sequential Parallel Comparison Design [NCT03818581]Phase 4108 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-03-15Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of Suvorexant for Insomnia in Parkinson Disease [NCT02729714]Phase 420 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-30Completed
Role of the Orexin Receptor System in Stress, Sleep and Cocaine Use [NCT02785406]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Completed
A Phase IV 3-Way Double-blind, Randomized, Crossover Study to Compare the Awakening Threshold Effects (Responsivity) of Belsomra 10 mg and 20 mg to Placebo in Non-elderly Insomniacs [NCT03312517]Phase 412 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-15Completed
The Role of Orexin in Human Panic Disorder [NCT02593682]Phase 43 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Completed
A Double-blind, Crossover, Placebo-controlled Study to Compare the Effects of Nighttime Administration of Suvorexant in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue and Insomnia [NCT03110315]Phase 434 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-28Completed
Medical Management of Sleep Disturbance During Opioid Tapering [NCT03789214]Phase 290 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-07-01Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, 6-Way Crossover Study to Determine the Abuse Potential of Single Oral Doses of Lemborexant Compared to Zolpidem, Suvorexant and Placebo in Healthy, Non-Dependent, Recreational Sedative Users [NCT03158025]Phase 139 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-19Completed
A Single Dose Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics of MK-4305 in Patients With Hepatic Insufficiency [NCT01043926]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-22Completed
Improvement of Restorative Sleep and Post-surgical Insomnia Following Suvorexant Administration [NCT05823844]Phase 492 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-31Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00792298 (4) [back to overview]LS Mean Latency to the Onset of Persistent Sleep (LPS) During Periods 1 and 2
NCT00792298 (4) [back to overview]LS Mean Wake After Persistent Sleep Onset (WASO) During Periods 1 and 2
NCT00792298 (4) [back to overview]LS Mean Sleep Efficiency (SE) During Periods 1 and 2
NCT00792298 (4) [back to overview]LS Mean Latency to the Onset of Persistent Sleep (LPS) During Period 1 (To Exclude Carryover Effect)
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Suicidal Ideation and/or Behavior AEs During the DB Treatment Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Rebound As Defined By Decreased Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTST) During the DB Run-Out Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Rebound As Defined By Increased Subjective Time to Sleep Onset (sTSO) During the DB Run-Out Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Withdrawal Symptoms During the DB Run-Out Phase: Tyrer Withdrawal Symptom Questionnaire (WSQ)
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Least Squares (LS) Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTSTm) During First Month of Treatment Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Reported Suicidal Ideation and/or Behavior On Study Based on Responses to the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Cataplexy Adverse Events (AEs) During the Double-Blind (DB) Treatment Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Falls AEs During the DB Treatment Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Sleep Paralysis AEs During the DB Treatment Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Least Squares (LS) Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Time To Sleep Onset (sTSOm) During First Month of Treatment Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Complex Sleep-related Behaviors AEs During the DB Treatment Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Hypnagogic/Hypnopompic Hallucinations AEs During the DB Treatment Phase
NCT01021813 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Selected AEs Associated With Potential for Abuse During the DB Treatment Phase
NCT01043926 (4) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Infinity (0-∞) After Single Dose Suvorexant: Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency Participants Versus Healthy Participants (Part I)
NCT01043926 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT01043926 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Due to an AE
NCT01043926 (4) [back to overview]Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Suvorexant After Single Dose: Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency Participants Versus Healthy Participants
NCT01059851 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT01059851 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Due to an AE
NCT01059851 (3) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Infinity (0-∞) After Single Dose Suvorexant: Severe Renal Impairment Participants Versus Healthy Participants (Part I)
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Month 3
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Month 3
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Wakefulness After Persistent Sleep Onset (WASO) at Month 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Month 3
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD/HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Night 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD/HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Week 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Month 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Month 3
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Month 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Month 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Month 3
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Month 3
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD/HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Night 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Month 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Month 3
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant LD/HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Week 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Month 3
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE Occurring During Initial 3-Month DB TRT Phase
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Adverse Event (AE) During Initial 3-Month DB TRT Phase
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Latency to Onset of Persistent Sleep (LPS) at Month 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Time to Sleep Onset (sTSOm) at Month 1
NCT01097616 (22) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTSTm) at Month 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Month 3
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Wakefulness After Persistent Sleep Onset (WASO) at Month 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Adverse Event (AE) During 3-Month DB TRT Phase
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Latency to Onset of Persistent Sleep (LPS) at Month 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Month 3
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Night 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Time to Sleep Onset (sTSOm) at Month 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTSTm) at Month 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Week 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Month 3
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Night 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Month 3
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Week 1
NCT01097629 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE Occurring During 3-Month DB TRT Phase
NCT01293006 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Total Sleep Time in Which SaO2 is Less Than 90%, 85% or 80%
NCT01293006 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT01293006 (7) [back to overview]Mean Arterial SaO2 for Different Sleep Stages
NCT01293006 (7) [back to overview]Mean Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI)
NCT01293006 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Discontinued From Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT01293006 (7) [back to overview]Mean Arterial SaO2 During Total Sleep Time
NCT01293006 (7) [back to overview]Mean Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) During Total Sleep Time
NCT01300455 (7) [back to overview]Mean AHI
NCT01300455 (7) [back to overview]Mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI)
NCT01300455 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT01300455 (7) [back to overview]Mean Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) During Total Sleep Time
NCT01300455 (7) [back to overview]Mean Arterial SaO2 for Different Sleep Stages
NCT01300455 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Total Sleep Time That Arterial SaO2 is Less Than 90%, 85%, and 80%
NCT01300455 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With an Adverse Event
NCT02491788 (1) [back to overview]Change in Average Total Sleep Time
NCT02527564 (4) [back to overview]Change in Subjective Total Sleep Time - Acute
NCT02527564 (4) [back to overview]Change in Objective Total Sleep Time - Subchronic
NCT02527564 (4) [back to overview]Change in Objective Total Sleep Time - Acute
NCT02527564 (4) [back to overview]Subjective Total Sleep Time - Subchronic
NCT02684136 (2) [back to overview]Polysomnographic Assessment of Sleep
NCT02684136 (2) [back to overview]Daytime Pain Sensitivity
NCT02704754 (3) [back to overview]Polysomnographically Measured Wake After Sleep Onset
NCT02704754 (3) [back to overview]Change in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale Score
NCT02704754 (3) [back to overview]Change in Insomnia Severity Index Score From Baseline.
NCT02750306 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Polysomnography-derived Total Sleep Time (TST) at Week 4
NCT02750306 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Polysomnography-derived Wakefulness After Persistent Sleep Onset (WASO) at Week 4
NCT02750306 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events
NCT02750306 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Cue Reactivity as Assessed by the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) Brief
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Cue Reactivity as Assessed by the Attention Bias (AB) Task
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Percent Medication Compliance as Assessed by Pill Counts
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Percent Medication Compliance as Assessed by Text Reminders and Replies
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Percent Medication Compliance as Assessed by the Medical Event Monitoring System (MEMS, Aprex Corporation) Bottles
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Sleep Quality as by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress as Assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Stress
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress/Anxiety as Assessed by Blood Pressure During the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) - Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress/Anxiety as Assessed by Blood Pressure During the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) - Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress/Anxiety as Assessed by Cortisol Level During the Cold Pressor Test (CPT)
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale.
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Cue Reactivity as Assessed by the Attention Bias (AB) Task
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Cue Reactivity as Assessed by the Attention Bias (AB) Task
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Percent Medication Compliance as Assessed by Analysis of Riboflavin Markers in Urine Samples
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale
NCT02785406 (34) [back to overview]Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale
NCT02849184 (8) [back to overview]Change in Nighttime SBP in Patients Achieved High Sleep Satisfaction
NCT02849184 (8) [back to overview]Change in Nighttime SBP in Patients Achieved Low Sleep Satisfaction
NCT02849184 (8) [back to overview]Change in NT-proBNP
NCT02849184 (8) [back to overview]Change in Sleep Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT02849184 (8) [back to overview]Change in Urinary Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio (UACR)
NCT02849184 (8) [back to overview]Changes in the Time to Sleep Onset
NCT02849184 (8) [back to overview]Changes in the Total Sleep Time
NCT02849184 (8) [back to overview]Change in Morning Systolic Blood Pressure Variability
NCT02849548 (3) [back to overview]The Baseline-corrected Highest Pulse Rate Across at the Last Written Narrative Exposure Session
NCT02849548 (3) [back to overview]The Baseline-corrected Highest Subjective Unit of Distress Scale (SUDS) Scores at the Last Written Narrative Exposure Session
NCT02849548 (3) [back to overview]The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) Score at Week 2
NCT03034018 (1) [back to overview]Within-person Change in ISI Score
NCT03077620 (2) [back to overview]Difference in Amyloid-beta (Abeta) Concentration in the CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid) of Individuals With Poor Sleep Efficiency Compared to Those With Good Sleep Efficiency as Measured by ng/ml
NCT03077620 (2) [back to overview]Difference in Amyloid-beta (Abeta) Concentration in the CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid) of Individuals With Poor Sleep Efficiency Treated With Placebo, Suvorexant 10 mg, or Suvorexant 20 mg as Measured by ng/ml
NCT03312517 (1) [back to overview]Auditory Awakening Threshold
NCT03789214 (5) [back to overview]Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale During Buprenorphine Taper
NCT03789214 (5) [back to overview]Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale During Post-taper
NCT03789214 (5) [back to overview]Total Sleep Time During Buprenorphine Taper
NCT03789214 (5) [back to overview]Total Sleep Time During Post-taper
NCT03789214 (5) [back to overview]Abuse Liability as Assessed by Visual Analogue Scale
NCT03818581 (3) [back to overview]Insomnia Severity Index
NCT03818581 (3) [back to overview]Subjective Wake After Sleep Onset
NCT03818581 (3) [back to overview]Subjective Total Sleep Time
NCT03937986 (1) [back to overview]Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine
NCT04229095 (4) [back to overview]Number of Standard Drinks Per Day: 2 Arms
NCT04229095 (4) [back to overview]Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Strength of Craving: Combined Arms Conditional Model
NCT04229095 (4) [back to overview]Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of Craving Severity: 2 Arms
NCT04229095 (4) [back to overview]Number of Standard Drinks Per Day: Combined Arms Conditional Model

LS Mean Latency to the Onset of Persistent Sleep (LPS) During Periods 1 and 2

LPS is defined as the duration of time measured in minutes from lights off to persistent sleep onset. (NCT00792298)
Timeframe: Night 1 and end of Week 4

,,,,
Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Night 1 (n=249, 62, 61, 59, 61)Week 4 (n=232, 59, 57, 57, 55)
Placebo49.841.7
Suvorexant 10 mg46.439.4
Suvorexant 20 mg40.419.4
Suvorexant 40 mg26.737.9
Suvorexant 80 mg24.432.2

[back to top]

LS Mean Wake After Persistent Sleep Onset (WASO) During Periods 1 and 2

WASO was defined as the duration of wakefulness measured in minutes (any epoch of Stage 0) from persistent sleep onset (first epoch of the first twenty consecutive epochs of non-wake) to lights on. (NCT00792298)
Timeframe: Night 1 and end of Week 4

,,,,
Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Night 1 (n=249, 62, 61, 59, 61)Week 4 (n=232, 59, 57, 57, 55)
Placebo72.476.7
Suvorexant 10 mg51.355.2
Suvorexant 20 mg47.748.6
Suvorexant 40 mg38.543.4
Suvorexant 80 mg35.647.8

[back to top]

LS Mean Sleep Efficiency (SE) During Periods 1 and 2

SE was defined as total sleep time (TST) in minutes divided by time in bed (measured from lights off to lights on; fixed at 8 hours on each Polysomnography [PSG] night) in minutes, multiplied by 100, where TST is defined as the total time (minutes) in Stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and Rapid Eye Movement (REM). SE= (total sleep time/time in bed) x 100 (NCT00792298)
Timeframe: Night 1 and end of Week 4

,,,,
Interventionpercent of time in bed (Least Squares Mean)
Night 1 (n=249, 62, 61, 59, 61)Week 4 (n=232, 59, 57, 57, 55)
Placebo75.876.6
Suvorexant 10 mg81.081.3
Suvorexant 20 mg83.487.0
Suvorexant 40 mg86.684.4
Suvorexant 80 mg88.784.2

[back to top]

LS Mean Latency to the Onset of Persistent Sleep (LPS) During Period 1 (To Exclude Carryover Effect)

LPS is defined as the duration of time measured in minutes from lights off to persistent sleep onset. In order to evaluate the efficacy of suvorexant on LPS excluding the influence of a carryover effect from Period 1 to Period 2, an ad hoc analysis of LPS restricted to Period 1 data was also performed. (NCT00792298)
Timeframe: Night 1 (Period 1 only) and end of Week 4 (Period 1 only)

,,,,
Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Night 1 (n=127, 31, 33, 32, 31)Week 4 (n=116, 29, 31, 30, 28)
Placebo57.052.4
Suvorexant 10 mg38.032.2
Suvorexant 20 mg39.627.7
Suvorexant 40 mg26.036.6
Suvorexant 80 mg34.732.8

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Suicidal Ideation and/or Behavior AEs During the DB Treatment Phase

Suicidal ideation included suicidal plans, suicidal tendency, death wishes, life weariness, and suicidal intention. Suicidal behaviors included suicide attempts, suicide gesture, and self-injurious behaviour. Suicidal ideation and/or behavior was reported as an AE and considered an ECI. (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: From the first day of study treatment up to 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Suvorexant0.8
Placebo0.0

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants With Rebound As Defined By Decreased Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTST) During the DB Run-Out Phase

Rebound insomnia was defined as insomnia that occurred following discontinuation of a sedative substance taken to relieve primary insomnia, and was assessed based on subjective total sleep time (sTST) as recorded in the participant's morning e-diary. A strict categorical analysis method (Yes/No) was used in which a participant was considered to have potentially experienced rebound (Yes) if the Morning Diary participant-reported sTST value (in minutes) on any of the 3 nights of the Run-out Phase (first 3 nights of the Discontinuation Phase) occurring after one year of treatment (Month 13) was less than the last value at baseline one year earlier (Month 1). (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: Baseline (Month 1) and first 3 days of Randomized Discontinuation Phase (otherwise known as the Run-out, Month 13)

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rebound on Night 1 (n=137, 142, 139)Rebound on Night 2 (n=138, 146, 145)Rebound on Night 3 (n=131, 146, 139)Rebound on Nights 1, 2 or 3 (n=152, 157, 152)
Placebo (DB Treatment)/Placebo (DB Discontinuation)28.826.931.740.1
Suvorexant (DB Treatment)/Placebo (DB Discontinuation)33.835.637.751.0
Suvorexant (DB Treatment)/Suvorexant (DB Discontinuation)17.519.616.828.9

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants With Rebound As Defined By Increased Subjective Time to Sleep Onset (sTSO) During the DB Run-Out Phase

Rebound insomnia was defined as insomnia that occurred following discontinuation of a sedative substance taken to relieve primary insomnia, and was assessed based on subjective time to sleep onset (sTSO) as recorded in the participant's morning e-diary. A strict categorical analysis method (Yes/No) was used in which a participant was considered to have potentially experienced rebound (Yes) if the Morning Diary participant-reported sTSO value (in minutes) on any of the first 3 nights of the Run-out Phase occurring after one year of treatment (Month 13) was greater than the last value at baseline one year earlier (Month 1). (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: Baseline (Month 1) and first 3 days of Randomized Discontinuation Phase (otherwise known as the Run-out, Month 13)

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rebound on Night 1 (n=137, 142, 139)Rebound on Night 2 (n=138, 146, 145)Rebound on Night 3 (n=131, 146, 139)Rebound on Nights 1, 2 or 3 (n=152, 157, 152)
Placebo (DB Treatment)/Placebo (DB Discontinuation)22.324.825.236.2
Suvorexant (DB Treatment)/Placebo (DB Discontinuation)26.830.130.140.8
Suvorexant (DB Treatment)/Suvorexant (DB Discontinuation)16.818.819.131.6

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants With Withdrawal Symptoms During the DB Run-Out Phase: Tyrer Withdrawal Symptom Questionnaire (WSQ)

"Withdrawal effects assessed using Tyrer WSQ, which evaluated the presence/absence and severity of withdrawal symptoms with 20 items (i.e. sensitivity to noise, light, smell, touch, feeling unreal, etc). The Tyrer WSQ was completed as part of the evening e-diary prior to dosing on the Month 12 visit and on the 3 consecutive evenings of the DB Run-out Phase (first 3 nights of DB Discontinuation Phase). Responses rated 0 (No), 1 (Yes-moderate), or 2 (Yes-severe); range from 0 (no withdrawal) to 40 (severe withdrawal).~A participant was defined to have a withdrawal symptom if an item during any of the 3 DB Run-out days had emerged for the first time, or had worsened compared to the measurement obtained at the end of the Treatment phase (Month 12). For single night analysis, a patient was defined to have withdrawal effects if the number of withdrawal symptoms (emergent or worsening) was ≥3. For across night analysis, withdrawal was defined as a total of ≥3 symptoms across the 3 nights." (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: Evening of Month 12 visit and next 3 consecutive days (Night 1, 2, and 3 of Discontinuation Phase [otherwise known as the Run-out])

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Withdrawal Symptoms on Night 1 (n=121, 122, 131)Withdrawal Symptoms on Night 2 (n=121, 124, 125)Withdrawal Symptoms on Night 3 (n=116, 120, 128)Symptoms Across Nights 1, 2, & 3 (n=129, 129, 136)
Placebo (DB Treatment)/Placebo (DB Discontinuation)1.52.40.85.1
Suvorexant (DB Treatment)/Placebo (DB Discontinuation)1.63.22.56.2
Suvorexant (DB Treatment)/Suvorexant (DB Discontinuation)0.80.81.76.2

[back to top]

Least Squares (LS) Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTSTm) During First Month of Treatment Phase

The sTSTm was defined as the average over time of daily e-diary values for a participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day (measured in minutes). Weekly sTSTm values (Week 1, Week 2, etc.) were the average of the daily e-diary values for the week. A summary value of this measure for Month 1 was obtained by taking the average of weekly sTSTm values for Weeks 1 through 4; (Week 1 + Week 2 + Week 3 + Week 4) ÷ 4. LS Mean Change from Baseline in sTSTm was then calculated at Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, and Month 1. (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, and Week 4

,
Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Change From BL at Week 1 (N=508, 252)Change From BL at Week 2 (N=495, 248)Change From BL at Week 3 (N=488, 241)Change From BL at Week 4 (N=473, 238)Change From BL at Month 1 Average (N=517, 254)
Placebo14.114.716.418.716.0
Suvorexant41.132.439.641.638.7

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Reported Suicidal Ideation and/or Behavior On Study Based on Responses to the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)

"Suicidal ideation and/or behavior that occurred on study was also assessed using the C-SSRS, a rater-administered questionnaire used to prospectively assess suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. C-SSRS assessment was based upon a clinician's interpretation of the participant's responses to the C-SSRS questions, not by a numbered scale.~Suicidal ideation and/or behaviors identified on the C-SSRS may not have been considered an adverse event, based on the investigator's judgment." (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: From the first day of study treatment through study follow-up (up to 14 months)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant6
Placebo0

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Cataplexy Adverse Events (AEs) During the Double-Blind (DB) Treatment Phase

Cataplexy is defined as a sudden loss of muscle tone while awake which prevents voluntary movement. (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: From the first day of study treatment up to 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Suvorexant0.0
Placebo0.0

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Falls AEs During the DB Treatment Phase

Falls were adjudicated (to establish whether a fall event was due to cataplexy). (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: From the first day of study treatment up to 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Suvorexant2.3
Placebo3.1

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Sleep Paralysis AEs During the DB Treatment Phase

Sleep paralysis was defined as the inability to perform voluntary muscle movements during sleep. Sleep paralysis adverse events included sleep-onset paralysis (paralysis as one is falling asleep). (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: From the first day of study treatment up to 12 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Suvorexant0.4
Placebo0.0

[back to top]

Least Squares (LS) Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Time To Sleep Onset (sTSOm) During First Month of Treatment Phase

The sTSOm was defined as the average over time of daily e-diary values for a participant's report of the time he or she required to fall asleep (measured in minutes). Weekly sTSOm values (Week 1, Week 2, etc.) were the average of the daily e-diary values for the week. A summary value of this measure for Month 1 was obtained by taking the average of weekly sTSTm values for Weeks 1 through 4; (Week 1 + Week 2 + Week 3 + Week 4) ÷ 4. LS Mean Change from Baseline in sTSOm was then calculated at Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, and Month 1. (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, and Week 4

,
Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Change From BL at Week 1 (N=508, 252)Change From BL at Week 2 (N=495, 248)Change From BL at Week 3 (N=488, 241)Change From BL at Week 4 (N=473, 238)Change From BL at Month 1 Average (N=517, 254)
Placebo-6.8-7.5-10.0-9.4-8.4
Suvorexant-17.7-15.7-18.7-19.9-18.0

[back to top] [back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Hypnagogic/Hypnopompic Hallucinations AEs During the DB Treatment Phase

Perceptual distortions associated with transitions between wakefulness and sleep were termed as hypnagogic (occurring during the onset of sleep) or hypnopompic (occurring during onset of wakefulness) hallucinations. (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: From the first day of study treatment up to 12 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Any hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations AEsHypnagogic hallucinationHypnopompic hallucination
Placebo0.00.00.0
Suvorexant0.80.60.2

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Selected AEs Associated With Potential for Abuse During the DB Treatment Phase

The pre-specified terms which were suggestive of abuse potential on this study included depersonalization (feeling of watching oneself act, while having no control over a situation), derealization (alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems unreal), dissociation (includes a wide array of experiences from mild detachment from immediate surroundings to more severe detachment from physical and emotional experience), euphoric mood (exaggerated feeling of physical and emotional well-being and optimism not consonant with apparent stimuli or events), mania (state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels), hallucination (perception in the absence of a stimulus which has qualities of real perception), and potential study medication misuse. (NCT01021813)
Timeframe: From the first day of study treatment up to 12 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
any selected AE of potential abuseDrug maladministrationDerealisationHallucination, auditoryHallucination, visualHypnagogic hallucinationHypnopompic hallucination
Placebo3.93.90.00.00.00.00.0
Suvorexant3.52.30.20.20.20.60.2

[back to top]

Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Infinity (0-∞) After Single Dose Suvorexant: Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency Participants Versus Healthy Participants (Part I)

Overall exposure was assessed by the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC[0-∞]). AUC(0-∞) was calculated as the sum of the AUC to the last time point with a detectable plasma concentration (AUC[0-last]) and Ct/λ, where Ct was the last measurable concentration and λ was the apparent terminal rate constant. (NCT01043926)
Timeframe: Predose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours post-dose

InterventionμM•hr (Geometric Mean)
Participants With Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency (Part I)14.09
Healthy Participants (Part I)13.73

[back to top]

Number of Participants With an Adverse Event (AE)

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration, whether or not considered related to the study drug. (NCT01043926)
Timeframe: From administration of study drug through 14 days after administration of study drug

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Participants With Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency (Part I)7
Healthy Participants (Part I)5

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Due to an AE

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration, whether or not considered related to the study drug. (NCT01043926)
Timeframe: From administration of study drug through 14 days after administration of study drug

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Participants With Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency (Part I)0
Healthy Participants (Part I)0

[back to top]

Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Suvorexant After Single Dose: Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency Participants Versus Healthy Participants

Cmax was defined as the maximum observed concentration of a drug after administration. (NCT01043926)
Timeframe: Predose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours post-dose

InterventionμM (Geometric Mean)
Participants With Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency (Part I)0.800
Healthy Participants (Part I)0.854

[back to top]

Number of Participants With an Adverse Event (AE)

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration, whether or not considered related to the study drug. (NCT01059851)
Timeframe: From administration of study drug through 14 days after administration of study drug

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Participants With Severe Renal Impairment (Part I)2
Healthy Participants (Part I)4

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Due to an AE

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration, whether or not considered related to the study drug. (NCT01059851)
Timeframe: From administration of study drug through 14 days after administration of study drug

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Participants With Severe Renal Impairment (Part I)0
Healthy Participants (Part I)0

[back to top]

Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Infinity (0-∞) After Single Dose Suvorexant: Severe Renal Impairment Participants Versus Healthy Participants (Part I)

Overall exposure was assessed by the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC[0-∞]). AUC(0-∞) was calculated as the sum of the AUC to the last time point with a detectable plasma concentration (AUC[0-last]) and the extrapolated area given by the quotient of the last detectable concentration and the apparent terminal rate constant (λ). (NCT01059851)
Timeframe: Predose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose

InterventionμM•hr (Geometric Mean)
Participants With Severe Renal Impairment (Part I)11.98
Healthy Participants (Part I)9.81

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Month 3

sTSOm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the duration of time that it took to fall asleep, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 3 range is Days 76-90 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-25.7
Placebo-17.3

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Month 3

sTSTm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 3 range is Days 76-90 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD60.3
Placebo40.6

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Wakefulness After Persistent Sleep Onset (WASO) at Month 1

"WASO is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of wakefulness from the onset of persistent sleep (i.e., 10 consecutive minutes of sleep) to the end of PSG assessment the following morning. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-45.0
Placebo-18.7

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Month 3

"WASO is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of wakefulness from the onset of persistent sleep (i.e., 10 consecutive minutes of sleep) to the end of PSG assessment the following morning. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-47.9
Placebo-25.0

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD/HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Night 1

"WASO is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of wakefulness from the onset of persistent sleep (i.e., 10 consecutive minutes of sleep) to the end of PSG assessment the following morning. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Night 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-52.1
Suvorexant HD-58.0
Placebo-19.6

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD/HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Week 1

sTSTm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Week 1 range is Days 2-8 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD28.2
Suvorexant HD36.0
Placebo14.6

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Month 1

"LPS is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of time from the beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) to the first interval of 10 consecutive minutes of sleep. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-33.6
Placebo-23.3

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Month 3

"LPS is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of time from the beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) to the first interval of 10 consecutive minutes of sleep. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-34.7
Placebo-26.6

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Month 1

sTSOm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the duration of time that it took to fall asleep, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 1 range is Days 23-30 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-17.1
Placebo-11.7

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Month 1

sTSTm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 1 range is Days 23-30 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD39.4
Placebo23.1

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Month 3

sTSTm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 3 range is Days 76-90 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD51.2
Placebo40.6

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Month 3

sTSOm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the duration of time that it took to fall asleep, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 3 range is Days 76-90 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-22.5
Placebo-17.3

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD/HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Night 1

"LPS is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of time from the beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) to the first interval of 10 consecutive minutes of sleep. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Night 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-29.9
Suvorexant HD-30.6
Placebo-20.3

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Month 1

"WASO is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of wakefulness from the onset of persistent sleep (i.e., 10 consecutive minutes of sleep) to the end of PSG assessment the following morning. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-45.0
Placebo-18.7

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Month 3

"WASO is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of wakefulness from the onset of persistent sleep (i.e., 10 consecutive minutes of sleep) to the end of PSG assessment the following morning. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-41.6
Placebo-25.0

[back to top]

Suvorexant LD/HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Week 1

sTSOm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the duration of time that it took to fall asleep, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Week 1 range is Days 2-8 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant LD-15.2
Suvorexant HD-15.3
Placebo-9.6

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Month 3

"LPS is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of time from the beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) to the first interval of 10 consecutive minutes of sleep. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-36.0
Placebo-26.6

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE Occurring During Initial 3-Month DB TRT Phase

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Participants who discontinued study drug treatment due to an AE occurring during the initial 3-month DB TRT Phase are counted once in this summary. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant LD6
Suvorexant HD18
Placebo23

[back to top]

Number of Participants With an Adverse Event (AE) During Initial 3-Month DB TRT Phase

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Participants with an AE occurring during the initial 3-month DB TRT Phase are counted once in this summary. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant LD126
Suvorexant HD198
Placebo191

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Latency to Onset of Persistent Sleep (LPS) at Month 1

"LPS is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of time from the beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) to the first interval of 10 consecutive minutes of sleep. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-34.5
Placebo-23.3

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Time to Sleep Onset (sTSOm) at Month 1

sTSOm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the duration of time that it took to fall asleep, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 1 range is Days 23-30 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-19.1
Placebo-11.7

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTSTm) at Month 1

sTSTm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day, as recorded in a daily electronic diary (e-diary). Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any polysomnography [PSG] nights) falling within the day range; Month 1 range is Days 23-30 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097616)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD42.6
Placebo23.1

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Month 3

"LPS is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of time from the beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) to the first interval of 10 consecutive minutes of sleep. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-32.2
Placebo-28.6

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Wakefulness After Persistent Sleep Onset (WASO) at Month 1

"WASO is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of wakefulness from the onset of persistent sleep (i.e., 10 consecutive minutes of sleep) to the end of PSG assessment the following morning. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-51.9
Placebo-22.5

[back to top]

Number of Participants With an Adverse Event (AE) During 3-Month DB TRT Phase

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Participants with an AE occurring during the 3-month DB TRT Phase are counted once in this summary. (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant LD103
Suvorexant HD189
Placebo167

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Latency to Onset of Persistent Sleep (LPS) at Month 1

"LPS is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of time from the beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) to the first interval of 10 consecutive minutes of sleep. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-36.7
Placebo-24.6

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Month 3

"WASO is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of wakefulness from the onset of persistent sleep (i.e., 10 consecutive minutes of sleep) to the end of PSG assessment the following morning. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-54.2
Placebo-24.8

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in LPS at Night 1

"LPS is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of time from the beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) to the first interval of 10 consecutive minutes of sleep. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Night 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-34.7
Placebo-13.0

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Time to Sleep Onset (sTSOm) at Month 1

sTSOm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the duration of time that it took to fall asleep, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 1 range is Days 23-30 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-26.9
Placebo-14.1

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in Mean Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTSTm) at Month 1

sTSTm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day, as recorded in a daily electronic diary (e-diary). Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any polysomnography [PSG] nights) falling within the day range; Month 1 range is Days 23-30 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD48.7
Placebo22.4

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Week 1

sTSOm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the duration of time that it took to fall asleep, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Week 1 range is Days 2-8 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-19.7
Placebo-6.7

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Month 3

sTSTm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 3 range is Days 76-90 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD62.8
Placebo37.7

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in WASO at Night 1

"WASO is measured during overnight sleep laboratory (PSG) assessments at baseline, Night 1, Month 1 and Month 3, and is defined as the duration of wakefulness from the onset of persistent sleep (i.e., 10 consecutive minutes of sleep) to the end of PSG assessment the following morning. Beginning of PSG assessment (Lights-Off) is at approximately the participant's habitual bedtime. The participant is awakened, or allowed to get out of bed if already awake, after 8 hours of PSG recording (Lights-On). PSG assessments consist of electronic measurement of brain activity and eye and muscle movements. PSG data was scored by a Centralized PSG reading center." (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Night 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-63.3
Placebo-21.3

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSOm at Month 3

sTSOm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the duration of time that it took to fall asleep, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Month 3 range is Days 76-90 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD-33.7
Placebo-20.5

[back to top]

Suvorexant HD Versus Placebo: Change From Baseline in sTSTm at Week 1

sTSTm is the average over a defined day range of the participant's report of the total amount of time spent asleep before waking for the day, as recorded in a daily e-diary. Averages were derived by taking the mean of all available daily measurements (excluding the mornings following any PSG nights) falling within the day range; Week 1 range is Days 2-8 (Day 1 is day of first double-blind dose). A participant must have at least 3 days of data during the defined day range to calculate an average for the day range; otherwise, the mean value was considered missing for that day range. The baseline value is the mean of the last 7 daily measurements obtained during the placebo Run-in period. (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1

Interventionminutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant HD40.4
Placebo14.0

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE Occurring During 3-Month DB TRT Phase

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration, whether or not considered related to the study drug. Participants who discontinued study drug treatment due to an AE occurring during the 3-month DB TRT Phase are counted once in this summary. (NCT01097629)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant LD9
Suvorexant HD18
Placebo17

[back to top]

Percentage of Total Sleep Time in Which SaO2 is Less Than 90%, 85% or 80%

Evaluation of the percentage of the night in which SaO2 is less than 90%, less than 85% and less than 80% following multiple dose administration of suvorexant and placebo. Lower SaO2 values are associated with sleep impairment. (NCT01293006)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 4 of each period

,
InterventionPercentage of Total Sleep Time (Least Squares Mean)
Day 1 (SaO2 is less than 90%) (n = 24, 24)Day 1 (SaO2 is less than 85%) (n = 24, 24)Day 1 (SaO2 is less than 80%) (n = 24, 24)Day 4 (SaO2 is less than 90%) (n = 24, 22)Day 4 (SaO2 is less than 85%) (n = 24, 22)Day 4 (SaO2 is less than 80%) (n = 24, 22)
Placebo4.980.11NA6.630.01NA
Suvorexant (30 mg or 40 mg)6.010.32NA7.450.32NA

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Adverse Events

An adverse event (AE) is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT01293006)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days after last dose

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant (40 mg)6
Suvorexant (30 mg)2
Placebo5

[back to top]

Mean Arterial SaO2 for Different Sleep Stages

Comparison of the mean SaO2 during different sleep stages (REM, Non-REM, and awake) following multiple dose administration of suvorexant and placebo. Lower SaO2 values are associated with sleep impairment. Sleep stages were determined by polysomnography. (NCT01293006)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 4 of each period

,
InterventionPercentage of Oxygen Saturation (Least Squares Mean)
Day 1 - Mean SaO2 during REM (n = 24, 24)Day 1 - Mean SaO2 during Non-REM (n = 24, 24)Day 1 - Mean SaO2 during Wake (n = 24, 24)Day 4 - Mean SaO2 during REM (n = 24, 22)Day 4 - Mean SaO2 during Non-REM (n = 24, 22)Day 4 - Mean SaO2 during Wake (n = 24, 22)
Placebo93.0293.2794.3792.8893.0993.86
Suvorexant (30 mg or 40 mg)93.0693.1494.1593.2193.3594.31

[back to top]

Mean Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI)

Evaluation of the effect of multiple dose administration of suvorexant on AHI as measured by polysomnography. The AHI is an overall index of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. The AHI is calculated by dividing the number of apneas and hypopneas by the number of hours of sleep. AHI values are categorized as mild OSA = 5 to <15/hr and moderate OSA = 15 to <30/hr. (NCT01293006)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 4 of each period

,
InterventionEvents per hour (Least Squares Mean)
Day 1 (n = 24, 24)Day 4 (n = 24, 22)
Placebo5.926.22
Suvorexant (30 mg or 40 mg)6.648.27

[back to top]

Number of Participants Discontinued From Study Drug Due to an AE

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT01293006)
Timeframe: Up to 15 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant (40 mg)0
Suvorexant (30 mg)0
Placebo0

[back to top]

Mean Arterial SaO2 During Total Sleep Time

Evaluation of the effect of multiple dose suvorexant on mean oxygen saturation (SaO2) during total sleep time as measured by pulse oximetry. Lower SaO2 values are associated with sleep impairment. Total sleep time is the total of all rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep in a sleep episode. (NCT01293006)
Timeframe: Day 1 of each period

InterventionPercentage of Oxygen Saturation (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant (40 mg or 30 mg)93.14
Placebo93.24

[back to top]

Mean Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) During Total Sleep Time

Evaluation of the effect of multiple dose suvorexant (MK-4305) on SaO2 during total sleep time as measured by pulse oximetry. Lower SaO2 values are associated with sleep impairment. Total sleep time is the total of all rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep in a sleep episode. (NCT01293006)
Timeframe: Day 4 of each period

InterventionPercentage of Oxygen Saturation (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant (30 mg or 40 mg)93.38
Placebo92.99

[back to top]

Mean AHI

"Evaluation of the effect of multiple dose administration of suvorexant on~AHI as measured by polysomnography. The AHI is an overall index of OSA severity. The AHI is calculated by dividing the number of apneas and hypopneas by the number of hours of sleep. AHI values are categorized as mild OSA = 5 to <15/hr and moderate OSA = 15 to <30/hr." (NCT01300455)
Timeframe: Day 1

InterventionEvents per hour (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant (40 mg)16.25
Placebo16.72

[back to top]

Mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI)

"Evaluation of the effect of multiple dose administration of suvorexant on~AHI as measured by polysomnography. The AHI is an overall index of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. The AHI is calculated by dividing the number of apneas and hypopneas by the number of hours of sleep. AHI values are categorized as mild OSA = 5 to <15/hr and moderate OSA = 15 to <30/hr." (NCT01300455)
Timeframe: Day 4

InterventionEvents per hour (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant (40 mg)17.07
Placebo14.41

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT01300455)
Timeframe: Up to 13 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant (40 mg)0
Placebo0

[back to top]

Mean Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) During Total Sleep Time

Evaluation of the effect of multidose dose suvorexant on mean SaO2 during total sleep time as measured by pulse oximetry. Total sleep time is the total of all rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep in a sleep episode. (NCT01300455)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 4

,
InterventionPercentage of Oxygen Saturation (Least Squares Mean)
Day 1 (n = 26, 24)Day 4 (n = 26, 25)
Placebo94.1594.21
Suvorexant (40 mg)94.1294.15

[back to top]

Mean Arterial SaO2 for Different Sleep Stages

Comparison of the mean SaO2 during different sleep stages (REM, Non-REM, and awake) following multiple dose administration of suvorexant and placebo. Sleep stages were determined by polysomnography. (NCT01300455)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 4

,
InterventionPercentage of Oxygen Saturation (Least Squares Mean)
Day 1 - Mean SaO2 During REM (n = 26, 24)Day 1 - Mean SaO2 during Non-REM (n = 26, 24)Day 1 - Mean SaO2 during Wake (n = 26, 24)Day 4 - Mean SaO2 During REM (n = 26, 25)Day 4 - Mean SaO2 during Non-REM (n = 26, 25)Day 4 - Mean SaO2 during Wake (n = 26, 25)
Placebo94.1494.0794.9493.8394.2594.91
Suvorexant (40 mg)94.0894.1294.4293.9694.2794.73

[back to top]

Percentage of Total Sleep Time That Arterial SaO2 is Less Than 90%, 85%, and 80%

"Evaluation of the percentage of the night in which SaO2 is less than 90%, less~than 85% and less than 80% following multiple dose administration of~suvorexant and placebo. Total sleep time is the total of all REM and non-REM sleep in a sleep episode." (NCT01300455)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 4

,
InterventionPercentage of Total Sleep Time (Mean)
Day 1 (SaO2 is less than 90%) (n = 26, 24)Day 1 (SaO2 is less than 85%) (n = 26, 24)Day 1 (SaO2 is less than 80%) (n = 26, 24)Day 4 (SaO2 is less than 90%) (n = 26, 25)Day 4 (SaO2 is less than 85%) (n = 26, 25)Day 4 (SaO2 is less than 80%) (n = 26, 25)
Placebo2.570.24NA1.950.41NA
Suvorexant (40 mg)3.310.48NA2.160.69NA

[back to top]

Number of Participants With an Adverse Event

An adverse event (AE) is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT01300455)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days after last dose

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Suvorexant (40 mg)8
Placebo4

[back to top]

Change in Average Total Sleep Time

Change in average of the total amount of sleep occurring during daytime sleep episodes following night shift work, as compared to baseline (NCT02491788)
Timeframe: Daytime sleep will be examined from baseline to after 3 weeks

Interventionhours/sleep opportunity (Mean)
Drug1.83
Placebo-0.33

[back to top]

Change in Subjective Total Sleep Time - Acute

Measured by self-report electronic sleep diary. Change is calculated as week 1 value minus week 0 value. (NCT02527564)
Timeframe: baseline and week 1 of double-blind, placebo-controlled phase

,
Interventionhours (Mean)
week 0week 1change at week 1
Placebo (Double-blind)7.037.200.17
Suvorexant (Double-blind)7.047.530.49

[back to top]

Change in Objective Total Sleep Time - Subchronic

Measured by actigraphy. Change is measured as the month 3 value minus the week 1 value. (NCT02527564)
Timeframe: week 1 and month 3 of open treatment phase

Interventionhours (Mean)
week 1month 3change at month 3
Suvorexant (Open-label)8.699.580.88

[back to top]

Change in Objective Total Sleep Time - Acute

Measured by actigraphy. Change is calculated as week 1 value minus week 0 value. (NCT02527564)
Timeframe: baseline and week 1 of double-blind, placebo-controlled phase

,
Interventionhours (Mean)
week 0week 1change at week 1
Placebo (Double-blind)9.5010.100.61
Suvorexant (Double-blind)6.467.200.74

[back to top]

Subjective Total Sleep Time - Subchronic

Measured by self-report electronic sleep diary. Change is calculated as the month 3 value minus the week 1 value (NCT02527564)
Timeframe: week 1 and month 3 of open treatment phase

Interventionhours (Mean)
week 1month 3change at month 3
Suvorexant (Open-label)7.247.250.01

[back to top]

Polysomnographic Assessment of Sleep

total sleep time on 8 hr standard sleep recording (NCT02684136)
Timeframe: continuous sleep recording from 11pm to 7am on night 8

Interventionmin (Mean)
Suvorexant429.3
Placebo400.5

[back to top]

Daytime Pain Sensitivity

finger withdrawal response to a radiant heat stimulus when pain is first experienced (NCT02684136)
Timeframe: mean of tests at 1100 and 1500 hrs on both day 1 and day 8

Interventionsec (Mean)
Suvorexant15.8
Placebo14.7

[back to top]

Polysomnographically Measured Wake After Sleep Onset

Polysomnography will provide objective measures of sleep, wake after sleep onset is the amount of wake time that occurs after initially falling asleep to the final awakening for the total sleep period measured in minutes. (NCT02704754)
Timeframe: Baseline values minus the values at 2 weeks.

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Suvorexant21.0
Placebo Pill22.3

[back to top]

Change in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale Score

Evaluates the frequency and intensity of each of the diagnostic symptoms of PTSD including nightmares and insomnia, total score was used which is a summation of all item scores, scores range between 0 to 80 with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. (NCT02704754)
Timeframe: "Baseline score minus 6 weeks or last observation (measure was also obtained at 2 and 4 weeks, the mathematical mean for the last observation was 5 weeks)."

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant4.2
Placebo Pill3.8

[back to top]

Change in Insomnia Severity Index Score From Baseline.

A seven-item measure used to evaluate insomnia severity for the preceding two weeks. Items are scored on a 5-point scale and a total score ranging between 0 and 28 is obtained by summing the seven items, with higher scores indicating greater insomnia severity. (NCT02704754)
Timeframe: "Baseline score minus 6 weeks or last observation (measure was also obtained at 2 and 4 weeks, the mathematical mean for the last observation was 5 weeks)."

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant6.8
Placebo Pill8.6

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Polysomnography-derived Total Sleep Time (TST) at Week 4

TST was measured at Baseline and at Week 4 in a sleep laboratory by polysomnography, during an 8-hour recording period beginning at participants' habitual bedtime. (NCT02750306)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant73.4
Placebo45.2

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Polysomnography-derived Wakefulness After Persistent Sleep Onset (WASO) at Week 4

WASO was measured at Baseline and at Week 4 in a sleep laboratory by polysomnography during an 8-hour recording period beginning at participants' habitual bedtime. (NCT02750306)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Suvorexant-45.0
Placebo-29.4

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced One or More Adverse Events

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant administered a pharmaceutical product that does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. (NCT02750306)
Timeframe: Up to 6 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Suvorexant22.5
Placebo16.1

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant administered a pharmaceutical product that does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. (NCT02750306)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Suvorexant0.7
Placebo0.7

[back to top]

Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the stress subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 9

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant1.9
Placebo2.3

[back to top]

Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device

Sleep activity is monitored with a 3-axis accelerometer inside the watch device (Misfit Shine), using a general heuristic based on time and motion. The device is waterproof and worn on the wrist 24 hrs per day. Data are downloaded to smartphone via Bluetooth. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant8.18
Placebo8.05

[back to top]

Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device

Sleep activity is monitored with a 3-axis accelerometer inside the watch device (Misfit Shine), using a general heuristic based on time and motion. The device is waterproof and worn on the wrist 24 hrs per day. Data are downloaded to smartphone via Bluetooth. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 11

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant6.93
Placebo7.94

[back to top]

Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device

Sleep activity is monitored with a 3-axis accelerometer inside the watch device (Misfit Shine), using a general heuristic based on time and motion. The device is waterproof and worn on the wrist 24 hrs per day. Data are downloaded to smartphone via Bluetooth. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 14

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant6.57
Placebo7.56

[back to top]

Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device

Sleep activity is monitored with a 3-axis accelerometer inside the watch device (Misfit Shine), using a general heuristic based on time and motion. The device is waterproof and worn on the wrist 24 hrs per day. Data are downloaded to smartphone via Bluetooth. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 2

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant8.66
Placebo7.5

[back to top]

Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device

Sleep activity is monitored with a 3-axis accelerometer inside the watch device (Misfit Shine), using a general heuristic based on time and motion. The device is waterproof and worn on the wrist 24 hrs per day. Data are downloaded to smartphone via Bluetooth. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 4

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant6.73
Placebo7.39

[back to top]

Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device

Sleep activity is monitored with a 3-axis accelerometer inside the watch device (Misfit Shine), using a general heuristic based on time and motion. The device is waterproof and worn on the wrist 24 hrs per day. Data are downloaded to smartphone via Bluetooth. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 7

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant6.37
Placebo7.5

[back to top]

Total Sleep as Assessed by the Misfit Shine Device

Sleep activity is monitored with a 3-axis accelerometer inside the watch device (Misfit Shine), using a general heuristic based on time and motion. The device is waterproof and worn on the wrist 24 hrs per day. Data are downloaded to smartphone via Bluetooth. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 9

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant7.91
Placebo8.01

[back to top]

Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the stress subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 11

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant2
Placebo2.4

[back to top]

Cue Reactivity as Assessed by the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) Brief

The Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) Brief is a self-report, 14-item measure with five conceptual domains: Desire to Use, Intention to Use, Anticipation of Positive Outcome, Anticipation of Relief from Dysphoria, and Lack of Control over use. The measure is well validated and has been used in multiple studies of CUD. Total score ranges from 1 to 7. A higher score indicates a worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0, day 7, and day 14

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
day 0day 7day 14
Placebo2.72.82.48
Suvorexant3.613.012.92

[back to top]

Cue Reactivity as Assessed by the Attention Bias (AB) Task

The attention bias (AB) task is a saccade-based eye-tracking measurement, developed by the PI to assess attentional bias to drug cues. AB measures utilizing eye movements have produced moderate to robust effects for a broad class abused substances, including cocaine. The score ranges from 0 to 1. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant0.524
Placebo0.519

[back to top]

Percent Medication Compliance as Assessed by Pill Counts

(NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 2, day 4, day 7, day 9, day 11, and day 14

,
Interventionpercent medication compliance (Mean)
day 2day 4day 7day 9day 11day 14
Placebo10010010088.9100100
Suvorexant95.59510010090100

[back to top]

Percent Medication Compliance as Assessed by Text Reminders and Replies

"Text-based reminders to take the medication will be enabled via using a HIPAA secure texting service (Talksoft ©), used broadly in medical settings. Participants will be prompted each night at 10 PM to take their medication, and instructed to text back yes when they have taken their medication." (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 2, day 4, day 7, day 9, day 11, and day 14

,
Interventionpercent medication compliance (Mean)
day 2day 4day 7day 9day 11day 14
Placebo10087.51001007575
Suvorexant55.655.670709087.5

[back to top]

Percent Medication Compliance as Assessed by the Medical Event Monitoring System (MEMS, Aprex Corporation) Bottles

(NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 2, day 4, day 7, day 9, day 11, and day 14

,
Interventionpercent medication compliance (Mean)
day 2day 4day 7day 9day 11day 14
Placebo1001001001007587.5
Suvorexant91.981.881.881.810081.8

[back to top]

Sleep Quality as by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is an 18-item self-report measure of sleep, providing a well-validated and reliable measure of sleep quality, latency, duration, duration efficiency, and disturbance, and an overall summary. The overall summary score will be reported for this measure. The PSQI has been used in several studies of individuals with SUD, including cocaine. Total score ranges from 0-21, with a higher score indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0, day 2, day 4, day 7, day 9, day 11, and day 14

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
day 0day 7day 14
Placebo76.64.89
Suvorexant7.59.388.2

[back to top]

Stress as Assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Stress

Score provided is the total score (0 to 300) across three items that are each on a 0-100 scale. A higher score indicates greater stress. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0, day 2, day 4, day 7, day 9, day 11, and day 14

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
day 0day 2day 4day 7day 9day 11day 14
Placebo138127124134118142119
Suvorexant192168151128145145142

[back to top]

Stress/Anxiety as Assessed by Blood Pressure During the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) - Diastolic Blood Pressure

Cold Pressor Test (CPT) reliably increases activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the HPA axis, and produces reliable increases in heart rate and cortisol. Subjects are requested to submerge the dominant arm up to the wrist or elbow in ice-cold water (0° to 4° C) for as long as possible with a maximum of 90 seconds. The procedure activates afferent nerves and elicits a CNS stress response. This procedure produces no lasting biological or psychological distress beyond the acute challenge period, and physiological effects return to baseline within 90 min. In fact, the CPT is used to study pain in children, and is considered a noninvasive, exempt educational experimental activity by the IRB of the University of Texas-Austin. It has been used extensively in cardiology, endocrinology, psychiatry, and psychology since 1940 as a challenge to the peripheral and central stress axis. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0, day 7, and day 14

,
Interventionmillimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
day 0, immediately before CPTday 7, immediately before CPTday 14, immediately before CPTday 0, immediately after CPTday 7, immediately after CPTday 14, immediately after CPT
Placebo80.783.681.172.387.280.2
Suvorexant84.684.885.48282.676.3

[back to top]

Stress/Anxiety as Assessed by Blood Pressure During the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) - Systolic Blood Pressure

Cold Pressor Test (CPT) reliably increases activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the HPA axis, and produces reliable increases in heart rate and cortisol. Subjects are requested to submerge the dominant arm up to the wrist or elbow in ice-cold water (0° to 4° C) for as long as possible with a maximum of 90 seconds. The procedure activates afferent nerves and elicits a CNS stress response. This procedure produces no lasting biological or psychological distress beyond the acute challenge period, and physiological effects return to baseline within 90 min. In fact, the CPT is used to study pain in children, and is considered a noninvasive, exempt educational experimental activity by the IRB of the University of Texas-Austin. It has been used extensively in cardiology, endocrinology, psychiatry, and psychology since 1940 as a challenge to the peripheral and central stress axis (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0, day 7, and day 14

,
Interventionmillimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
day 0, immediately before CPTday 7, immediately before CPTday 14, immediately before CPTday 0, immediately after CPTday 7, immediately after CPTday 14, immediately after CPT
Placebo120125121113132120
Suvorexant125126128123122120

[back to top]

Stress/Anxiety as Assessed by Cortisol Level During the Cold Pressor Test (CPT)

Cold Pressor Test (CPT) reliably increases activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the HPA axis, and produces reliable increases in heart rate and cortisol. Subjects are requested to submerge the dominant arm up to the wrist or elbow in ice-cold water (0° to 4° C) for as long as possible with a maximum of 90 seconds. The procedure activates afferent nerves and elicits a CNS stress response. This procedure produces no lasting biological or psychological distress beyond the acute challenge period, and physiological effects return to baseline within 90 min. In fact, the CPT is used to study pain in children, and is considered a noninvasive, exempt educational experimental activity by the IRB of the University of Texas-Austin. It has been used extensively in cardiology, endocrinology, psychiatry, and psychology since 1940 as a challenge to the peripheral and central stress axis. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0, day 7, and day 14

,
Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
day 0, immediately before CPTday 7, immediately before CPTday 14, immediately before CPTday 0, immediately after CPTday 7, immediately after CPTday 14, immediately after CPT
Placebo126995762989412801120
Suvorexant5531108532582873589

[back to top]

Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the anxiety subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 14

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant2.2
Placebo1.1

[back to top]

Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the anxiety subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 11

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant1.4
Placebo0.8

[back to top]

Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the anxiety subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant1.9
Placebo2.1

[back to top]

Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the anxiety subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 4

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant1.5
Placebo1.4

[back to top]

Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the anxiety subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 7

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant1.5
Placebo1.2

[back to top]

Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the anxiety subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 9

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant1.4
Placebo0.9

[back to top]

Anxiety as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Anxiety Subscale.

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the anxiety subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant2.6
Placebo2.3

[back to top]

Cue Reactivity as Assessed by the Attention Bias (AB) Task

The attention bias (AB) task is a saccade-based eye-tracking measurement, developed by the PI to assess attentional bias to drug cues. AB measures utilizing eye movements have produced moderate to robust effects for a broad class abused substances, including cocaine. The score ranges from 0 to 1. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 14

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant0.488
Placebo0.508

[back to top]

Cue Reactivity as Assessed by the Attention Bias (AB) Task

The attention bias (AB) task is a saccade-based eye-tracking measurement, developed by the PI to assess attentional bias to drug cues. AB measures utilizing eye movements have produced moderate to robust effects for a broad class abused substances, including cocaine. The score ranges from 0 to 1. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 7

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant0.443
Placebo0.492

[back to top]

Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the stress subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 0

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant4.4
Placebo3.8

[back to top]

Percent Medication Compliance as Assessed by Analysis of Riboflavin Markers in Urine Samples

(NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 2, day 4, day 7, day 9, day 11, and day 14

,
Interventionpercent medication compliance (Mean)
day 2day 4day 7day 9day 11day 14
Placebo10089100100100100
Suvorexant10010010010090100

[back to top]

Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the stress subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 14

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant2.8
Placebo2.3

[back to top]

Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the stress subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant3.8
Placebo2.5

[back to top]

Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the stress subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 4

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant2.7
Placebo3.1

[back to top]

Stress as Assessed by the DASS21 Self-report Questionnaire Stress Subscale

DASS21 is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of clinically agreed upon core depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. It is well validated in multiple languages and countries, and has been utilized in SUD treatment and withdrawal studies. Total score on the stress subscale is 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating worse outcome. (NCT02785406)
Timeframe: day 7

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant1.7
Placebo2.7

[back to top]

Change in Nighttime SBP in Patients Achieved High Sleep Satisfaction

"nighttime BPs are measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Sleep quality is measured by self-reported sleep diary (satisfaction level of sleep) at 2 weeks.~Patients are divided by sleep satisfaction and compared nighttime SBP change (value at 2 weeks minus value at baseline)." (NCT02849184)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Suvorexant-6.1
Placebo3.1

[back to top]

Change in Nighttime SBP in Patients Achieved Low Sleep Satisfaction

"nighttime BPs are measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Sleep quality is measured by self-reported sleep diary (satisfaction level of sleep) at 2weeks.~Patients are divided by sleep satisfaction and compared nighttime SBP change (value at 2 weeks minus value at baseline)." (NCT02849184)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Suvorexant4.5
Placebo-9.5

[back to top]

Change in NT-proBNP

Percentage change in NT-proBNP from baseline to 2 weeks (NCT02849184)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
Suvorexant3.65
Placebo-2.80

[back to top]

Change in Sleep Systolic Blood Pressure

"To compare the efficacy of suvorexant versus placebo on sleep systolic blood pressure (SBP) by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).~Change: sleep SBP value at 2 weeks minus value at baseline" (NCT02849184)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Suvorexant-1.8
Placebo-4.4

[back to top]

Change in Urinary Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio (UACR)

Percentage change in UACR from baseline to 2 weeks (NCT02849184)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionpercentage change (Median)
Suvorexant1.50
Placebo-13.12

[back to top]

Changes in the Time to Sleep Onset

Time to sleep onset was assessed using a sleep diary. Value at week 2 - Value at week 0 (NCT02849184)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant-0.23
Placebo-0.42

[back to top]

Changes in the Total Sleep Time

Total sleep time was assessed using a sleep diary. Value at week 2 - Value at week 0 (NCT02849184)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionhours (Mean)
Suvorexant0.51
Placebo0.43

[back to top]

Change in Morning Systolic Blood Pressure Variability

To compare the efficacy of suvorexant versus placebo on morning SBP variability by ABPM Variability: SD Change: value at 2 weeks minus value at baseline (NCT02849184)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Suvorexant-0.3
Placebo0.8

[back to top]

The Baseline-corrected Highest Pulse Rate Across at the Last Written Narrative Exposure Session

The average pulse rate for a 5-minute baseline and each 2-minute epoch during 30-min written narrative exposure were computed. The highest average pulse rate for each session was identified and corrected for the baseline pulse rate of the session by subtracting the baseline average pulse rate from the highest average pulse rate within the session. The Baseline-corrected highest pulse rate values reported here are small because the baseline average pulse rate of the session was subtracted from the highest 2-minute average pulse rate of the session. (NCT02849548)
Timeframe: 1week

Interventionbeats per minute (Mean)
Suvorexant5.3
Placebo Pill4.8

[back to top]

The Baseline-corrected Highest Subjective Unit of Distress Scale (SUDS) Scores at the Last Written Narrative Exposure Session

The subjective unit of distress scale (SUDS) is a numerical scale that is administered orally. It ranges from 0 - 100 in which 0 indicates no stress at all, and 100 indicates the highest stress level. The highest SUDS score for each session was identified and corrected for the baseline SUDS of the session by subtracting the baseline SUDS from the SUDS within the session; therefore, the baseline-corrected SUDS scores can range from 0 to 100. (NCT02849548)
Timeframe: 1 week

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant18.9
Placebo Pill40.3

[back to top]

The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) Score at Week 2

A structured clinical interview used to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity for the preceding week. Items are scored on a 5-point scale, and a total score is obtained by summing the 20 symptom items, with higher scores indicating greater PTSD symptom severity. The total scores range from 0 - 80. (NCT02849548)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant16.6
Placebo Pill17.1

[back to top]

Within-person Change in ISI Score

The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is a scale comprising seven questions scored 0-3. The total ISI score is the sum of all questions, with a total range from 0-21 with higher values indicating worse insomnia. Within-person change in ISI score from baseline to 4 weeks was calculated. (NCT03034018)
Timeframe: baseline and 4 weeks

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Suvorexant-8.1
Placebo-5.6

[back to top]

Difference in Amyloid-beta (Abeta) Concentration in the CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid) of Individuals With Poor Sleep Efficiency Compared to Those With Good Sleep Efficiency as Measured by ng/ml

Mean difference in amyloid-beta-42 concentration between individuals with poor sleep efficiency (Poor sleep group control) compared to those with good sleep efficiency (Good sleep group) (NCT03077620)
Timeframe: 36 hours of CSF collection

,
Interventionng/ml (Mean)
Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 0 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 2 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 4 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 6 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 8 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 10 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 12 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 14 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 16 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 18 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 20 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 22 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 24 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 26 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 28 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 30 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 32 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 34 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 36 (ng/ml)
Good Sleep Group0.6230.5200.5280.5420.5480.5370.5360.5560.5780.5790.5680.5840.6180.5920.6580.6800.6210.6200.625
Poor Sleep Group Control0.5730.6000.5830.5730.5980.6020.6350.6450.6610.6590.6800.6740.6910.6740.6920.6600.6520.6820.743

[back to top]

Difference in Amyloid-beta (Abeta) Concentration in the CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid) of Individuals With Poor Sleep Efficiency Treated With Placebo, Suvorexant 10 mg, or Suvorexant 20 mg as Measured by ng/ml

Mean difference in amyloid-beta-42 concentration between individuals with poor sleep efficiency who were treated with placebo (Poor sleep group control), Suvorexant 10 mg (Poor sleep group treatment 1), and Suvorexant 20 mg (Poor sleep group treatment 2) (NCT03077620)
Timeframe: 36 hours of CSF collection

,,
Interventionng/ml (Mean)
Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 0 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 2 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 4 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 6 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 8 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 10 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 12 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 14 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 16 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 18 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 20 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 22 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 24 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 26 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 28 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 30 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 32 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 34 (ng/ml)Amyloid-beta-42 concentration at hour 36 (ng/ml)
Poor Sleep Group Control0.5730.6000.5830.5730.5980.6020.6350.6450.6610.6590.6800.6740.6910.6740.6920.6600.6520.6820.743
Poor Sleep Group Treatment 10.5190.5200.5360.5440.5460.5440.5580.5830.6190.6140.6150.6310.6460.6530.6520.6310.6270.6270.624
Poor Sleep Group Treatment 20.6480.6480.6790.6780.6700.6790.6600.6790.6850.6970.7070.7760.7380.7370.7590.7070.7260.7140.724

[back to top]

Auditory Awakening Threshold

Subjects will be awakened during the night to auditory awakening tones. (NCT03312517)
Timeframe: 2.5 hours post-dose of each Study Drug administration

Interventiondecibels (db) (Mean)
Suvorexant 10mg74.17
Suvorexant 20mg83.75
Placebo Oral Capsule79.17

[back to top]

Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale During Buprenorphine Taper

Area-under-the-curve of peak daily scores on the Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) (a 16-item self-reported scale that measures individual opioid withdrawal symptoms using a 0-4 Likert scale; total range of SOWS is 0-64; lower scores indicate mild opioid withdrawal relative to higher scores which indicate more severe opioid withdrawal). (NCT03789214)
Timeframe: Three days during a buprenorphine taper

Interventionscore on a scale*days (Mean)
Placebo15.5
Low Dose Suvorexant10.8
High Dose Suvorexant14.8

[back to top]

Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale During Post-taper

Area-under-the-curve of peak daily scores on the Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) (a 16-item self-reported scale that measures individual opioid withdrawal symptoms using a 0-4 Likert scale; total range of SOWS is 0-64; lower scores indicate mild opioid withdrawal relative to higher scores which indicate more severe opioid withdrawal). (NCT03789214)
Timeframe: Three days following buprenorphine discontinuation

Interventionscore on a scale*days (Mean)
Placebo17.9
Low Dose Suvorexant9.0
High Dose Suvorexant6.4

[back to top]

Total Sleep Time During Buprenorphine Taper

Area-under-the-curve scores of total number of minutes slept per night as measured by a 3-lead wireless electroencephalography and wrist worn actigraphy. (NCT03789214)
Timeframe: Four nights during a buprenorphine taper

Interventionminutes*nights (Mean)
Placebo891.6
Low Dose Suvorexant1183.6
High Dose Suvorexant1098.4

[back to top]

Total Sleep Time During Post-taper

Area-under-the-curve scores of total number of minutes slept per night as measured by a 3-lead wireless electroencephalography and wrist worn actigraphy. (NCT03789214)
Timeframe: Four nights following buprenorphine discontinuation

Interventionminutes*nights (Mean)
Placebo1049.3
Low Dose Suvorexant1113.2
High Dose Suvorexant1055.9

[back to top]

Abuse Liability as Assessed by Visual Analogue Scale

"Area-under-the-curve of self-reported feelings of drug High on the morning after study drug administration, measured each morning on a 0-100 point visual analogue scale of the question Last night, did you feel HIGH?. A score of 0 indicates no abuse liability and a score of 100 indicates extreme abuse liability. This will be assessed over four nights during an opioid taper." (NCT03789214)
Timeframe: 4 nights

Interventionscore on a scale*days (Mean)
Placebo23.9
Low Dose Suvorexant20.9
High Dose Suvorexant22.8

[back to top]

Insomnia Severity Index

A validated tool to measure insomnia severity, on a scale of 0-28, with a higher score representing greater insomnia severity. (NCT03818581)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Group7.1
Placebo Responders5.6
Placebo Non-responders Re-randomized to Treatment10.9
Placebo Non-responders Re-randomized to Placebo9.1

[back to top]

Subjective Wake After Sleep Onset

Total time awake after sleep onset as reported on daily sleep diaries (NCT03818581)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Treatment Group62.4
Placebo Responders31.4
Placebo Non-responders Re-randomized to Treatment36.7
Placebo Non-responders Re-randomized to Placebo48.3

[back to top]

Subjective Total Sleep Time

Total sleep time as reported on daily sleep diaries (NCT03818581)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Interventionhours (Mean)
Treatment Group6.4
Placebo Responders7.0
Placebo Non-responders Re-randomized to Treatment6.7
Placebo Non-responders Re-randomized to Placebo6.7

[back to top]

Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine

Number of Times Subjects Choose Cocaine (Maximum of 10 Choices) Over Money (NCT03937986)
Timeframe: 12 times over approximately 1 month inpatient admission.

InterventionNumber of Cocaine Choices (Mean)
Dose Condition 11.3
Dose Condition 25.0
Dose Condition 38.3
Dose Condition 40
Dose Condition 53.7
Dose Condition 68.4
Dose Condition 71.3
Dose Condition 88.1
Dose Condition 99.3
Dose Condition 100.4
Dose Condition 116.6
Dose Condition 128.7

[back to top]

Number of Standard Drinks Per Day: 2 Arms

Number of standard drinks per day using the Timeline Followback Interview (TLFB). Total number of alcohol drinks consumed per day with a minimum value of 0 and an undetermined maximum value (NCT04229095)
Timeframe: Up to one week following single dose administration

InterventionStandard drinks per day (Mean)
Belsomra,(Suvorexant)3.59
Placebo, (Sugar Pill)3.46

[back to top]

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Strength of Craving: Combined Arms Conditional Model

VAS to alcohol cues minus VAS to water cues on a 0-20 VAS scale. Higher scores indicate greater craving strength with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 20. (NCT04229095)
Timeframe: 1 hour during cue reactivity session

Interventionscore on a scale (Number)
Combined Drug/Placebo Condition.94

[back to top]

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of Craving Severity: 2 Arms

VAS to alcohol cues minus VAS to water cues on a 0-20 VAS scale. Higher scores indicate greater craving strength with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 20. (NCT04229095)
Timeframe: 1 hour during cue reactivity session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Belsomra,(Suvorexant)2.38
Placebo1.44

[back to top]

Number of Standard Drinks Per Day: Combined Arms Conditional Model

Number of standard drinks per day using the Timeline Followback Interview (TLFB). Total number of alcoholic drinks consumed per day with a minimum value of 0 and an undetermined maximum value. (NCT04229095)
Timeframe: Up to one week following single dose administration

Interventionnumber of standard drinks per day (Number)
Combined Drug/Placebo Condition-1.52

[back to top]