Low-density lipoprotein receptor

A low-density lipoprotein receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P01130]

Synonyms

LDL receptor

Research

Bioassay Publications (1)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	1 (100.00)	2.80

Compounds (1)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
s 1033	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	9.8000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 12 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
amyloid-beta binding	molecular function	Binding to an amyloid-beta peptide/protein. [GOC:hjd]
virus receptor activity	molecular function	Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:7621403, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1183]
protease binding	molecular function	Binding to a protease or a peptidase. [GOC:hjd]
low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity	molecular function	Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732]
calcium ion binding	molecular function	Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+). [GOC:ai]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
low-density lipoprotein particle binding	molecular function	Binding to a low-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle that is rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides, is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE, and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. [GOC:mah]
very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity	molecular function	Combining with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the very-low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732]
clathrin heavy chain binding	molecular function	Binding to a clathrin heavy chain. [GOC:mah]
identical protein binding	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
molecular adaptor activity	molecular function	The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. [GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07, GOC:vw]
lipoprotein particle binding	molecular function	Binding to a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]

Located In

This protein is located in 16 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
lysosome	cellular component	A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
early endosome	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. [GOC:mah, NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090701, PMID:19696797]
late endosome	cellular component	A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center. [NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090702, PMID:11964142, PMID:2557062]
Golgi apparatus	cellular component	A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. [ISBN:0198506732]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
clathrin-coated pit	cellular component	A part of the endomembrane system in the form of an invagination of a membrane upon which a clathrin coat forms, and that can be converted by vesicle budding into a clathrin-coated vesicle. Coated pits form on the plasma membrane, where they are involved in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane, in the trans-Golgi network, and on some endosomes. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, NIF_Subcellular:sao1969557946, PMID:10559856, PMID:17284835]
external side of plasma membrane	cellular component	The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface. [GOC:dos, GOC:tb]
cell surface	cellular component	The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm]
endosome membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome. [GOC:mah]
membrane	cellular component	A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]
basolateral plasma membrane	cellular component	The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. [GOC:go_curators]
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle. [GOC:mah]
endolysosome membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome. [GOC:pde]
somatodendritic compartment	cellular component	The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon. [GOC:pad, GOC:PARL]
apical part of cell	cellular component	The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]
sorting endosome	cellular component	A multivesicular body surrounded by and connected with multiple tubular compartments with associated vesicles. [NIF_Subcellular:sao1028571114]

Active In

This protein is active in 2 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
early endosome	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. [GOC:mah, NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090701, PMID:19696797]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]

Part Of

This protein is part of 3 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
PCSK9-LDLR complex	cellular component	A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Interaction typically occurs through the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGF-A) domain of the LDLR, and complex formation promotes degradation of the LDLR through the endosome/lysosome pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:nc, PMID:18250299, PMID:24440079]
low-density lipoprotein particle	cellular component	A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver. [GOC:BHF, GOC:expert_pt, GOC:mah, GOC:rl]
receptor complex	cellular component	Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. [GOC:go_curators]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 37 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
negative regulation of receptor recycling	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recycling. [GOC:add]
lipid metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. [GOC:ma]
endocytosis	biological process	A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363, Wikipedia:Endocytosis]
receptor-mediated endocytosis	biological process	An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363]
phagocytosis	biological process	A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. [ISBN:0198506732]
long-term memory	biological process	The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation. [http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html, ISBN:0582227089]
cholesterol metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues. [ISBN:0198506732]
positive regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
negative regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process	biological process	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. [GOC:BHF, GOC:tb]
regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process	biological process	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. [GOC:BHF, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
phospholipid transport	biological process	The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. [GOC:ai]
intestinal cholesterol absorption	biological process	Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine. [GOC:mah]
cholesterol transport	biological process	The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
plasma lipoprotein particle clearance	biological process	The process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]
low-density lipoprotein particle clearance	biological process	The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
high-density lipoprotein particle clearance	biological process	The process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
lipoprotein catabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. [ISBN:0198506732]
cholesterol homeostasis	biological process	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell. [GOC:go_curators]
symbiont entry into host cell	biological process	The process by which a symbiont breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the symbiont or its genome is released into the host cell. [GOC:jl]
artery morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs. [GOC:dsf, PMID:16740480]
positive regulation of inflammatory response	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. [GOC:ai]
regulation of protein metabolic process	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of protein metabolic process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. [GOC:ai]
response to caloric restriction	biological process	A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake. [GOC:dph, PMID:15520862]
negative regulation of astrocyte activation	biological process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:20005821]
cholesterol import	biological process	The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]
cellular response to fatty acid	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus. [GOC:mah]
receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport	biological process	A receptor-mediated endocytosis process involved in intracellular cholesterol transport. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:pr, GOC:tb]
regulation of cholesterol metabolic process	biological process	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
amyloid-beta clearance	biological process	The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by mechanisms involving cell surface receptors. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:BHF, PMID:18289866, PMID:19098903, PMID:26005850]
amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process	biological process	The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by intracellular degradation. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:18289866]
negative regulation of microglial cell activation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:nc, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:19100238]
positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, GOC:TermGenie]
negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid fibril formation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23106396]