Gap junction alpha-1 protein

A gap junction alpha-1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P17302]

Synonyms

Connexin-43;
Cx43;
Gap junction 43 kDa heart protein

Research

Bioassay Publications (1)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	1 (100.00)	2.80

Compounds (1)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
kanamycin a	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	48.0000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 14 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
signaling receptor binding	molecular function	Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732]
gap junction channel activity	molecular function	A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes. [GOC:dgh, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
beta-catenin binding	molecular function	Binding to a catenin beta subunit. [GOC:bf]
monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity	molecular function	Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:dgf, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	molecular function	Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]
tubulin binding	molecular function	Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules. [GOC:clt]
glutathione transmembrane transporter activity	molecular function	Enables the transfer of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:mah]
beta-tubulin binding	molecular function	Binding to the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin. [GOC:krc]
gap junction hemi-channel activity	molecular function	A wide pore channel activity that enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a gap junction hemi-channel. Two gap junction hemi-channels coupled together form a complete gap junction. [GOC:dgh]
gap junction channel activity involved in cardiac conduction electrical coupling	molecular function	A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cardiomyocyte to an adjacent cardiomyocyte. The gap junction passes electrical signals between the cells contributing to cardiac conduction. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11]
scaffold protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes. [GOC:BHF, GOC:sjp, PMID:10433269, Wikipedia:Scaffold_protein]
gap junction channel activity involved in cell communication by electrical coupling	molecular function	Any gap junction channel activity that is involved in cell communication by electrical coupling. [GO_REF:0000061, GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24587307]
protein tyrosine kinase binding	molecular function	Binding to protein tyrosine kinase. [PMID:25499537]

Located In

This protein is located in 22 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
Golgi membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah]
nucleoplasm	cellular component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
mitochondrion	cellular component	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732]
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]
Golgi apparatus	cellular component	A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. [ISBN:0198506732]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
intermediate filament	cellular component	A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins. [http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/intermediate_filaments.htm, ISBN:0198506732]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
fascia adherens	cellular component	A cell-cell junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighbouring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:mtg_muscle, PMID:11732910]
gap junction	cellular component	A cell-cell junction composed of pannexins or innexins and connexins, two different families of channel-forming proteins. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0815332181, PMID:22366062, Wikipedia:Gap_junction]
focal adhesion	cellular component	A cell-substrate junction that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. In insects focal adhesion has also been referred to as hemi-adherens junction (HAJ). [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0815316208, PMID:10419689, PMID:12191915, PMID:15246682, PMID:1643657, PMID:16805308, PMID:19197329, PMID:23033047, PMID:26923917, PMID:28796323, PMID:8314002]
intercalated disc	cellular component	A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells. [GOC:mtg_muscle, PMID:11732910]
apical plasma membrane	cellular component	The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell. [GOC:curators]
lateral plasma membrane	cellular component	The portion of the plasma membrane at the lateral side of the cell. In epithelial cells, lateral plasma membranes are on the sides of cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells. [GOC:hb, GOC:mah, GOC:pr]
cell junction	cellular component	A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:mah, http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:26820516, PMID:28096264]
Golgi-associated vesicle membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah]
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	cellular component	Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]
contractile muscle fiber	cellular component	Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0815316194]
cell-cell contact zone	cellular component	Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle. [NIF_Subcellular:sao1299635018]
membrane raft	cellular component	Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [PMID:16645198, PMID:20044567]
tight junction	cellular component	A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other. [ISBN:0815332181]

Part Of

This protein is part of 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
connexin complex	cellular component	An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction. [PMID:11146276]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 52 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation	biological process	A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. [GOC:ems]
osteoblast differentiation	biological process	The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. [CL:0000062, GO_REF:0000034, GOC:jid]
in utero embryonic development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]
neuron migration	biological process	The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. [CL:0000540, GOC:go_curators]
heart looping	biological process	The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. [GOC:dph, PMID:12094232]
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation	biological process	The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. [GOC:dph]
lens development in camera-type eye	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0582064333]
cardiac conduction system development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. [GOC:mtg_heart]
atrial ventricular junction remodeling	biological process	The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle. [GOC:mtg_heart]
signal transduction	biological process	The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11]
cell-cell signaling	biological process	Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]
spermatogenesis	biological process	The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. [GOC:jid, ISBN:9780878933846, PMID:28073824, PMID:30990821]
adult heart development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:bf]
protein localization	biological process	Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]
male gonad development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid]
negative regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
cell communication by chemical coupling	biological process	The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]
cell communication by electrical coupling	biological process	The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]
glutamate secretion	biological process	The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. [GOC:ef]
gap junction assembly	biological process	Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363]
negative regulation of cell growth	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. [GOC:go_curators]
regulation of bone mineralization	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. [GOC:mah]
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	biological process	A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. [GOC:mah]
glutathione transmembrane transport	biological process	A process in which glutathione is transported across a membrane. [GOC:mah]
maintenance of blood-brain barrier	biological process	Maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier, thus ensuring specific regulated transport of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into the brain, and out of the brain into the blood circulation. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:bf, GOC:sl, PMID:20080302, PMID:30280653]
T cell proliferation	biological process	The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation. [GOC:jl]
embryonic digit morphogenesis	biological process	The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, UBERON:0002544]
xenobiotic transport	biological process	The directed movement of a xenobiotic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:krc]
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. [GOC:jl]
skeletal muscle tissue regeneration	biological process	The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage. [GOC:ef, GOC:mtg_muscle, PMID:12021255, PMID:16607119]
positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. [GOC:go_curators]
bone remodeling	biological process	The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. [GOC:curators]
regulation of bone remodeling	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity. [GOC:ai]
blood vessel morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. [GOC:jid]
milk ejection reflex	biological process	A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dph, GOC:mr, GOC:st]
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization	biological process	Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:tb]
bone development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. [GOC:dph]
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization	biological process	Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization	biological process	Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
cellular response to pH	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. [GOC:mah, Wikipedia:PH]
atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential	biological process	An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11]
cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction	biological process	The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11]
neuroblast migration	biological process	The orderly movement of a neuroblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. [CL:0000031, GOC:jc, PMID:15543145]
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cold-induced thermogenesis. [PMID:27876809]
export across plasma membrane	biological process	The directed movement of some substance from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region. [GOC:pg]
negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration. [GOC:BHF, GOC:TermGenie]
cellular response to amyloid-beta	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23555824]
positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:bhm, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:25745997]
positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_miRNA, GOC:rph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23765923]
positive regulation of stem cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. [GOC:dph]
heart development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0000948]