Telomerase reverse transcriptase

A telomerase reverse transcriptase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O14746]

Synonyms

EC 2.7.7.49;
HEST2;
Telomerase catalytic subunit;
Telomerase-associated protein 2;
TP2

Research

Bioassay Publications (41)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	14 (34.15)	29.6817
2010's	22 (53.66)	24.3611
2020's	5 (12.20)	2.80

Compounds (28)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
7,8-dihydroxyflavone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	36.0000	1	1
ethacridine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	8.2000	3	3
berberine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	37.0000	1	1
9,10-phenanthrenequinone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.7500	2	2
ethidium bromide	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.5900	13	13
camptothecin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	300.0000	1	1
staurosporine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	6.9517	6	6
acridine orange	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	12.2000	3	3
epigallocatechin gallate	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.0867	3	3
meridine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	11.0000	1	1
cryptolepine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	9.4000	3	3
quindoline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	138.0000	1	1
u 73122	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2000	1	1
celastrol	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.7800	1	1
alteichin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	30.0000	1	1
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	40.0000	1	1
tanshinone ii a	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.7500	2	2
Telomestatin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.3517	6	6
7,8,3'-trihydroxyflavone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	50.0000	1	1
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-1-benzopyran-4-one	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.3240	5	5
7,8,4'-trihydroxyflavone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.0000	1	1
okanin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	6.0000	1	1
3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	40.0000	1	1
beta-rubromycin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.2275	4	4
mkt 077	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	5.0000	1	1
braco-19	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.0883	6	6
bibr 1532	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.4824	12	12
n'-(10h-indolo(3,2-b)quinolin-11-yl)-n,n-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.4775	4	4

Drugs with Activation Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
braco-19	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	1.3522	5	5

Enables

This protein enables 16 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
tRNA binding	molecular function	Binding to a transfer RNA. [GOC:ai]
transcription coactivator binding	molecular function	Binding to a transcription coactivator, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. [GOC:krc]
DNA binding	molecular function	Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, GOC:vw]
telomerase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence. [GOC:krc, PMID:28732250]
telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template. [EC:2.7.7.49, PMID:11812242]
RNA binding	molecular function	Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]
RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. [EC:2.7.7.49]
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); uses an RNA template, i.e. the catalysis of RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. [EC:2.7.7.48, GOC:mah, GOC:pf]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
identical protein binding	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
protein homodimerization activity	molecular function	Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer. [GOC:jl]
metal ion binding	molecular function	Binding to a metal ion. [GOC:ai]
protein-folding chaperone binding	molecular function	Binding to a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport. [PMID:10585443]
telomerase RNA binding	molecular function	Binding to the telomerase RNA template. [GOC:krc, PMID:16884717]
template-free RNA nucleotidyltransferase	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the addition of a terminal nucleotide to an RNA molecule in the absence of a nucleic acid template. [GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:dos, GOC:nc, PMID:15994230]
telomeric DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end. [GOC:jl, SO:0000624]

Located In

This protein is located in 8 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
chromosome, telomeric region	cellular component	The end of a linear chromosome, required for the integrity and maintenance of the end. A chromosome telomere usually includes a region of telomerase-encoded repeats the length of which rarely exceeds 20 bp each and that permits the formation of a telomeric loop (T-loop). The telomeric repeat region is usually preceded by a sub-telomeric region that is gene-poor but rich in repetitive elements. Some telomeres only consist of the latter part (for eg. D. melanogaster telomeres). [GOC:elh]
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
nucleoplasm	cellular component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
nucleolus	cellular component	A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. [ISBN:0198506732]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
nuclear speck	cellular component	A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. [http://www.cellnucleus.com/]
mitochondrial nucleoid	cellular component	The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined. [GOC:jl]

Part Of

This protein is part of 5 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
telomerase holoenzyme complex	cellular component	Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits. [PMID:11884619]
TERT-RMRP complex	cellular component	A ribonucleoprotein complex that has RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity, and is composed of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the non-coding RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP). [GOC:bf, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:nc, PMID:19701182]
telomerase catalytic core complex	cellular component	The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. [GOC:BHF-UCL, PMID:11884619, PMID:1808260]
nuclear telomere cap complex	cellular component	A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome. [GOC:elh]
RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex	cellular component	A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity. [GOC:mah]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 32 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
telomere maintenance	biological process	Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences. [GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:elh, GOC:rl, PMID:11092831]
RNA-templated transcription	biological process	The synthesis of an RNA transcript from an RNA template. [GOC:txnOH]
RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process	biological process	A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
telomere maintenance via telomerase	biological process	The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. [GOC:elh]
mitochondrion organization	biological process	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:sgd_curators, PMID:9786946]
negative regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
DNA strand elongation	biological process	The DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand. [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah]
positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]
siRNA processing	biological process	A process leading to the generation of a functional small interfering RNA (siRNA). Includes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. May also include amplification of the siRNA by RNA-directed RNA polymerase. [GOC:mah, PMID:11524674, PMID:19239886, PMID:20687832]
regulation of protein stability	biological process	Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of protein binding	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of hair cycle	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12230507]
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
positive regulation of angiogenesis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of glucose import	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
response to cadmium ion	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. [GOC:ai]
establishment of protein localization to telomere	biological process	The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
cellular response to hypoxia	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. [GOC:mah]
DNA biosynthetic process	biological process	The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of DNA. [GOC:mah]
replicative senescence	biological process	A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging. [GOC:BHF]
siRNA transcription	biological process	The transcription of a small interfering RNA from an RNA template. [PMID:23001036]
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	biological process	Any signaling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24699545]
positive regulation of transdifferentiation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22118091]
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23246467]
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:nc, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24415760]
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_miRNA, GOC:rph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:20693317]
negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
positive regulation of stem cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. [GOC:dph]
negative regulation of cellular senescence	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. [GOC:BHF]
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis]