A protein MB21D1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8N884]
cGAMP synthase;
cGAS;
h-cGAS;
EC 2.7.7.86;
2'3'-cGAMP synthase;
Mab-21 domain-containing protein 1
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 2 (66.67) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (33.33) | 2.80 |
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| quinacrine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| hydroxychloroquine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 23.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| mangostin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0040 | 1 | 1 |
| bx795 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0600 | 1 | 1 |
This protein enables 13 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| DNA binding | molecular function | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, GOC:vw] |
| chromatin binding | molecular function | Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:20404130] |
| double-stranded DNA binding | molecular function | Binding to double-stranded DNA. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw] |
| protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| ATP binding | molecular function | Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| GTP binding | molecular function | Binding to GTP, guanosine triphosphate. [GOC:ai] |
| phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding | molecular function | Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl] |
| nucleosome binding | molecular function | Binding to a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures. [GOC:mah] |
| protein homodimerization activity | molecular function | Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer. [GOC:jl] |
| metal ion binding | molecular function | Binding to a metal ion. [GOC:ai] |
| 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(2'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 2',3' GAMP). [GOC:dph, PMID:23258413, RHEA:42064] |
| molecular condensate scaffold activity | molecular function | Binding and bringing together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to organize as a molecular condensate. [PMID:28225081] |
| poly-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein upon poly-ADP-ribosylation of the target protein. [PMID:26673700] |
This protein is located in 6 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| nucleus | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| nucleoplasm | cellular component | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653] |
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
| plasma membrane | cellular component | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363] |
| nuclear body | cellular component | Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins. [GOC:ma, PMID:10330182] |
| site of double-strand break | cellular component | A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:20096808, PMID:21035408] |
This protein is active in 4 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| cytoplasm | cellular component | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
| nucleus | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| site of double-strand break | cellular component | A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:20096808, PMID:21035408] |
This protein is involved in 20 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| activation of innate immune response | biological process | Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967, PMID:16177805] |
| pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway | biological process | The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells. [GOC:add, GOC:ar, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967] |
| positive regulation of defense response to virus by host | biological process | Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, ISBN:0781735149] |
| regulation of immunoglobulin production | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production. [GOC:add] |
| cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway | biological process | The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand from another organism to a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species. [GOC:add, GOC:ar, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967, PMID:17328678, PMID:18272355, PMID:19531363, PMID:21187438] |
| DNA repair | biological process | The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. [PMID:11563486] |
| DNA damage response | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. [GOC:go_curators] |
| determination of adult lifespan | biological process | The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal. [PMID:25561524, PMID:273723695, PMID:3424805] |
| cAMP-mediated signaling | biological process | An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of cyclic AMP (cAMP), and ends with activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. [GOC:signaling] |
| cGMP-mediated signaling | biological process | An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of cyclic GMP (cGMP), and ends with activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. [GOC:signaling] |
| positive regulation of type I interferon production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:mah] |
| paracrine signaling | biological process | The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other. [GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11, ISBN:3527303782] |
| innate immune response | biological process | Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:ebc, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
| regulation of T cell activation | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. [GOC:ai] |
| defense response to virus | biological process | Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism. [GOC:ai] |
| cGAS/STING signaling pathway | biological process | The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a double-stranded DNA or RNA from another organism to cytosolic cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) that activates innate immune responses through production of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates the adaptor STING. [PMID:27648547, PMID:34261127, PMID:34261128] |
| negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cGAS/STING signaling pathway. [PMID:29875158] |
| negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. [GOC:vw] |
| positive regulation of cellular senescence | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. [GOC:BHF] |
| cellular response to exogenous dsRNA | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus. [GOC:mah] |