A galectin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00182]
Gal-9;
Ecalectin;
Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (16.67) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3 (50.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (33.33) | 2.80 |
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lactose | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 23.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| methyl alpha-d-galactopyranoside | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 2,800.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| methyl beta-galactoside | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 5,066.6667 | 6 | 6 |
| thiodigalactoside | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 39.0000 | 4 | 4 |
| methyl lactoside | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 23.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| n-acetyllactosamine | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 490.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| galactal | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 4,800.0000 | 1 | 1 |
This protein enables 5 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| galactose binding | molecular function | Binding to aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
| enzyme binding | molecular function | Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. [GOC:jl] |
| carbohydrate binding | molecular function | Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. [GOC:mah] |
| disaccharide binding | molecular function | Binding to a disaccharide. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units. [GOC:jid] |
| galactoside binding | molecular function | Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
This protein is located in 5 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| extracellular space | cellular component | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| nucleus | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| cytoplasm | cellular component | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
| collagen-containing extracellular matrix | cellular component | An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rph, PMID:21123617] |
This protein is active in 2 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| nucleus | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
This protein is involved in 44 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| natural killer cell tolerance induction | biological process | Tolerance induction of natural killer cells. [GOC:jal, PMID:16546094] |
| chemotaxis | biological process | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). [ISBN:0198506732] |
| inflammatory response | biological process | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. [GO_REF:0000022, ISBN:0198506732] |
| female pregnancy | biological process | The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. [ISBN:0192800825] |
| positive regulation of gene expression | biological process | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
| negative regulation of gene expression | biological process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
| response to lipopolysaccharide | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464] |
| negative regulation of chemokine production | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production. [GOC:mah] |
| negative regulation of type II interferon production | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. [GOC:add, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383] |
| negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. [GOC:mah, PMID:10891884, PMID:15560120] |
| positive regulation of type II interferon production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. [GOC:add, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383] |
| positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of interleukin-10 production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of interleukin-12 production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of interleukin-13 production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of interleukin-4 production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of interleukin-6 production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of interleukin-8 production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:10891884, PMID:15560120] |
| positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response. [GOC:mah] |
| p38MAPK cascade | biological process | A MAPK cascade containing at least the p38MAPK (MAPK14) MAP kinase, or Hog1 in yeast. It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and of p38MAPK. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The p38MAPK cascade is activated by stress signals, including hyperosmolarity, as well as by G protein-coupled receptors, growth factors, and cytokines, and results in cellular responses such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation. [PMID:20811974, PMID:23125017, PMID:32794416] |
| positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. [GOC:jl] |
| negative regulation of mast cell degranulation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149] |
| negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| positive regulation of viral entry into host cell | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of viral entry into the host cell. [GOC:jl] |
| positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:15087454, PMID:15170030] |
| maternal process involved in female pregnancy | biological process | A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it. [GOC:dph] |
| positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781765196] |
| ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | biological process | A MAPK cascade containing at least the ERK1 or ERK2 MAP kinases. It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and of ERK1 or ERK2. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier. The ERK1/ERK2 cascade is activated by mitogens, growth factors, G protein-coupled receptors, and results in cellular responses such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation and development. [PMID:20811974, PMID:23125017, PMID:28903453] |
| positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. [GOC:mah] |
| response to interleukin-1 | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to type II interferon | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta. [GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. [GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to virus | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. [GOC:dos] |
| positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the non-canonical NF-kappaB cascade. [GOC:TermGenie] |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis. [GOC:obol] |
| negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. [GOC:obol] |
| positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. [GOC:obol] |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:obol] |
| positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell. [GOC:obol] |
| positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. [GOC:obol] |
| positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |