Proteins > DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
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DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
A DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P78527]
Synonyms
DNA-PK catalytic subunit;
DNA-PKcs;
EC 2.7.11.1;
DNPK1;
p460
Research
Bioassay Publications (42)
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 13 (30.95) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 27 (64.29) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (4.76) | 2.80 |
Compounds (46)
Drugs with Inhibition Measurements
Drugs with Activation Measurements
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|
| nu 7441 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.2120 | 1 | 1 |
| ku-0060648 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.1360 | 1 | 1 |
| buparlisib | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 1.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| gdc 0941 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 1.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| gdc 0980 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 9.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| pki 587 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| torin 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.1180 | 1 | 1 |
Synthesis, structure elucidation, DNA-PK and PI3K and anti-cancer activity of 8- and 6-aryl-substituted-1-3-benzoxazines.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Mar-03, Volume: 110, 2016
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-08, Volume: 58, Issue:1, 2015
1-substituted (Dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-ones endowed with dual DNA-PK/PI3-K inhibitory activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Aug-22, Volume: 56, Issue:16, 2013
Modulation of DNA repair by pharmacological inhibitors of the PIKK protein kinase family.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17, 2012
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors: structure-activity relationships for O-alkoxyphenylchromen-4-one probes of the ATP-binding domain.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3, 2011
Mapping the ATP-binding domain of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) with coumarin- and isocoumarin-derived inhibitors.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12, 2010
8-Biarylchromen-4-one inhibitors of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK).Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-01, Volume: 18, Issue:17, 2008
Discovery of potent chromen-4-one inhibitors of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) using a small-molecule library approach.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Dec-01, Volume: 48, Issue:24, 2005
Selective benzopyranone and pyrimido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase: synthesis, structure-activity studies, and radiosensitization of a human tumor cell line in vitro.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2, 2005
Identification of a highly potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor (NU7441) by screening of chromenone libraries.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24, 2004
2,6-disubstituted pyran-4-one and thiopyran-4-one inhibitors of DNA-Dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK).Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-15, Volume: 13, Issue:18, 2003
Synthesis, crystal structure determination, and biological properties of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor 3-cyano-6-hydrazonomethyl-5-(4-pyridyl)pyrid-[1H]-2-one (OK-1035).Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Nov-05, Volume: 11, Issue:21, 2001
Mapping the ATP-binding domain of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) with coumarin- and isocoumarin-derived inhibitors.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12, 2010
Selective benzopyranone and pyrimido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase: synthesis, structure-activity studies, and radiosensitization of a human tumor cell line in vitro.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2, 2005
Identification of a highly potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor (NU7441) by screening of chromenone libraries.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24, 2004
LY294002-geldanamycin heterodimers as selective inhibitors of the PI3K and PI3K-related family.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:7, 2001
Modulation of DNA repair by pharmacological inhibitors of the PIKK protein kinase family.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17, 2012
Selective benzopyranone and pyrimido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase: synthesis, structure-activity studies, and radiosensitization of a human tumor cell line in vitro.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2, 2005
Discovery of Novel 3-Quinoline Carboxamides as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Kinase.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13, 2016
Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) protein kinase as potential anticancer agents.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Apr-14, Volume: 54, Issue:7, 2011
Pyranone, thiopyranone, and pyridone inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase related kinases. Structure-activity relationships for DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibition, and identification of the first potent and selective inhibitor of the ataxia teJournal of medicinal chemistry, , Apr-19, Volume: 50, Issue:8, 2007
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-08, Volume: 58, Issue:1, 2015
Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) protein kinase as potential anticancer agents.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Apr-14, Volume: 54, Issue:7, 2011
Synthesis, structural elucidation, DNA-PK inhibition, homology modelling and anti-platelet activity of morpholino-substituted-1,3-naphth-oxazines.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13, 2011
A systematic interaction map of validated kinase inhibitors with Ser/Thr kinases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, , Dec-18, Volume: 104, Issue:51, 2007
Discovery of potent chromen-4-one inhibitors of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) using a small-molecule library approach.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Dec-01, Volume: 48, Issue:24, 2005
Selective benzopyranone and pyrimido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase: synthesis, structure-activity studies, and radiosensitization of a human tumor cell line in vitro.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2, 2005
Identification of a highly potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor (NU7441) by screening of chromenone libraries.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24, 2004
2,6-disubstituted pyran-4-one and thiopyran-4-one inhibitors of DNA-Dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK).Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-15, Volume: 13, Issue:18, 2003
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-aryl-2-morpholino-7-O-substituted benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-4-ones against DNA-PK, PI3K, PDE3A enzymes and platelet aggregation.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , 10-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20, 2017
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-08, Volume: 58, Issue:1, 2015
Class II but Not Second Class-Prospects for the Development of Class II PI3K Inhibitors.ACS medicinal chemistry letters, , Jan-08, Volume: 6, Issue:1, 2015
Non-kinase targets of protein kinase inhibitors.Nature reviews. Drug discovery, , Volume: 16, Issue:6, 2017
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-08, Volume: 58, Issue:1, 2015
1-substituted (Dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-ones endowed with dual DNA-PK/PI3-K inhibitory activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Aug-22, Volume: 56, Issue:16, 2013
Synthesis, DNA-PK inhibition, anti-platelet activity studies of 2-(N-substituted-3-aminopyridine)-substituted-1,3-benzoxazines and DNA-PK and PI3K inhibition, homology modelling studies of 2-morpholino-(7,8-di and 8-substituted)-1,3-benzoxazines.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 57, 2012
Modulation of DNA repair by pharmacological inhibitors of the PIKK protein kinase family.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17, 2012
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors: structure-activity relationships for O-alkoxyphenylchromen-4-one probes of the ATP-binding domain.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3, 2011
Mapping the ATP-binding domain of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) with coumarin- and isocoumarin-derived inhibitors.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12, 2010
8-Biarylchromen-4-one inhibitors of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK).Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-01, Volume: 18, Issue:17, 2008
Discovery of potent chromen-4-one inhibitors of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) using a small-molecule library approach.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Dec-01, Volume: 48, Issue:24, 2005
Identification of a highly potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor (NU7441) by screening of chromenone libraries.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24, 2004
Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases as Novel Drug Targets.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , 01-12, Volume: 60, Issue:1, 2017
Class II but Not Second Class-Prospects for the Development of Class II PI3K Inhibitors.ACS medicinal chemistry letters, , Jan-08, Volume: 6, Issue:1, 2015
1-substituted (Dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-ones endowed with dual DNA-PK/PI3-K inhibitory activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Aug-22, Volume: 56, Issue:16, 2013
Modulation of DNA repair by pharmacological inhibitors of the PIKK protein kinase family.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17, 2012
Synthesis, DNA-PK inhibition, anti-platelet activity studies of 2-(N-substituted-3-aminopyridine)-substituted-1,3-benzoxazines and DNA-PK and PI3K inhibition, homology modelling studies of 2-morpholino-(7,8-di and 8-substituted)-1,3-benzoxazines.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 57, 2012
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitors: structure-activity relationships for O-alkoxyphenylchromen-4-one probes of the ATP-binding domain.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3, 2011
Mapping the ATP-binding domain of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) with coumarin- and isocoumarin-derived inhibitors.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12, 2010
5-(4,6-Dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR309), a Potent, Brain-Penetrant, Orally Bioavailable, Pan-Class I PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor as Clinical Candidate in Oncology.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17, 2017
5-(4,6-Dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR309), a Potent, Brain-Penetrant, Orally Bioavailable, Pan-Class I PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor as Clinical Candidate in Oncology.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17, 2017
The identification of 2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (GDC-0941) as a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of class I PI3 kinase for the treatment of cancer .Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Sep-25, Volume: 51, Issue:18, 2008
5-(4,6-Dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR309), a Potent, Brain-Penetrant, Orally Bioavailable, Pan-Class I PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor as Clinical Candidate in Oncology.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17, 2017
5-(4,6-Dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (PQR309), a Potent, Brain-Penetrant, Orally Bioavailable, Pan-Class I PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor as Clinical Candidate in Oncology.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17, 2017
Discovery and Characterization of AZD6738, a Potent Inhibitor of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3 Related (ATR) Kinase with Application as an Anticancer Agent.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , 11-21, Volume: 61, Issue:22, 2018
Discovery of 4-{4-[(3R)-3-Methylmorpholin-4-yl]-6-[1-(methylsulfonyl)cyclopropyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-1H-indole (AZ20): a potent and selective inhibitor of ATR protein kinase with monotherapy in vivo antitumor activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Mar-14, Volume: 56, Issue:5, 2013
Modulation of DNA repair by pharmacological inhibitors of the PIKK protein kinase family.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17, 2012
Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) protein kinase as potential anticancer agents.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Apr-14, Volume: 54, Issue:7, 2011
Design of Small Molecule Autophagy Modulators: A Promising Druggable Strategy.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , 06-14, Volume: 61, Issue:11, 2018
Discovery of 9-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (Torin2) as a potent, selective, and orally available mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor for treatment of cancer.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5, 2011
Enables
This protein enables 13 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| double-stranded DNA binding | molecular function | Binding to double-stranded DNA. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw] |
| RNA binding | molecular function | Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
| protein kinase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. [PMID:25399640] |
| protein serine/threonine kinase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. [GOC:bf, MetaCyc:PROTEIN-KINASE-RXN, PMID:2956925] |
| DNA-dependent protein kinase activity | molecular function | DNA dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. [GOC:mah] |
| protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| ATP binding | molecular function | Binding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| enzyme binding | molecular function | Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. [GOC:jl] |
| protein domain specific binding | molecular function | Binding to a specific domain of a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| U3 snoRNA binding | molecular function | Binding to a U3 small nucleolar RNA. [GOC:mah] |
| histone H2AXS139 kinase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-serine (position 139) + ATP = histone H2AX-phosphoserine (position 139) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 139 of histone variant H2AX. [GOC:yaf, PMID:11893489, PMID:16061642] |
| RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding | molecular function | Binding to a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. [GOC:dph, GOC:vw] |
| protein serine kinase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate. [RHEA:17989] |
Located In
This protein is located in 6 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| chromosome, telomeric region | cellular component | The end of a linear chromosome, required for the integrity and maintenance of the end. A chromosome telomere usually includes a region of telomerase-encoded repeats the length of which rarely exceeds 20 bp each and that permits the formation of a telomeric loop (T-loop). The telomeric repeat region is usually preceded by a sub-telomeric region that is gene-poor but rich in repetitive elements. Some telomeres only consist of the latter part (for eg. D. melanogaster telomeres). [GOC:elh] |
| nucleus | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| nucleoplasm | cellular component | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653] |
| nucleolus | cellular component | A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
| membrane | cellular component | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] |
Active In
This protein is active in 1 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| nucleus | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
Part Of
This protein is part of 8 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| DNA-dependent protein kinase complex | cellular component | A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku. [GOC:mah, PMID:10854421, PMID:12235392] |
| chromatin | cellular component | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130] |
| transcription regulator complex | cellular component | A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription. [GOC:jl] |
| DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex | cellular component | A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:10854421, PMID:12235392, PMID:17072889] |
| small-subunit processome | cellular component | A large ribonucleoprotein complex that is an early preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 80S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins. [GOC:krc, GOC:vw, PMID:12068309, PMID:12957375, PMID:15120992, PMID:15590835] |
| protein-containing complex | cellular component | A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah] |
| protein-DNA complex | cellular component | A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules. [GOC:mah] |
| nonhomologous end joining complex | cellular component | A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends. [GOC:mah, PMID:17072889, PMID:17938628] |
Involved In
This protein is involved in 46 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| maturation of 5.8S rRNA | biological process | Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule. [GOC:curators] |
| somitogenesis | biological process | The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. [ISBN:0721662544] |
| negative regulation of protein phosphorylation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. [GOC:hjd] |
| activation of innate immune response | biological process | Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15199967, PMID:16177805] |
| B cell lineage commitment | biological process | The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| immature B cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:16551251] |
| pro-B cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149] |
| T cell lineage commitment | biological process | The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| double-strand break repair | biological process | The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. [GOC:elh] |
| double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining | biological process | The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear. [GOC:rph, PMID:10827453, PMID:24837021] |
| chromatin remodeling | biological process | A dynamic process of chromatin reorganization resulting in changes to chromatin structure. These changes allow DNA metabolic processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA recombination, DNA repair, and DNA replication. [GOC:jid, GOC:vw, PMID:12042764, PMID:12697820] |
| protein phosphorylation | biological process | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. [GOC:hb] |
| DNA damage response | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. [GOC:go_curators] |
| brain development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, UBERON:0000955] |
| heart development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0000948] |
| response to gamma radiation | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. [GOC:tair_curators] |
| telomere capping | biological process | A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins. [GOC:mah, GOC:rn, PMID:11349150, PMID:11352055] |
| peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | biological process | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. [RESID:AA0037] |
| peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | biological process | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine. [RESID:AA0038] |
| mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling | biological process | A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle] |
| protein destabilization | biological process | Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation. [GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to insulin stimulus | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] |
| T cell differentiation in thymus | biological process | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| T cell receptor V(D)J recombination | biological process | The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). [GOC:add, ISBN:0781700221] |
| small-subunit processome assembly | biological process | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a small-subunit processome. [GOC:mah] |
| ectopic germ cell programmed cell death | biological process | Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo. [PMID:12814944] |
| protein modification process | biological process | The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). [GOC:bf, GOC:jl] |
| regulation of circadian rhythm | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb] |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
| negative regulation of apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
| innate immune response | biological process | Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:ebc, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
| positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| positive regulation of translation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
| rhythmic process | biological process | Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. [GOC:jid] |
| regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ebc] |
| regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai] |
| double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining | biological process | An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that is independent of factors important for V(D)J recombination (as opposed to classical nonhomologous end joining). It often results in a deletion with microhomology (i.e. 5-25bp homology) at the repair junction. Among different subclasses of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), alternative NHEJ appears to play a significant role in the etiology of mutations that arise during cancer development and treatment. [GOC:rph, PMID:18584027, PMID:21655080, Wikipedia:Microhomology-mediated_end_joining] |
| negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cGAS/STING signaling pathway. [PMID:29875158] |
| regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23403623] |
| positive regulation of platelet formation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:10606160] |
| positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. [GOC:obol] |
| immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination | biological process | The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| telomere maintenance | biological process | Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences. [GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:elh, GOC:rl, PMID:11092831] |
| intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | biological process | The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |